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  • ffmpeg and streaming video - frame time issue

    6 mai 2014, par 4ntoine

    I’ve compiled ffmpeg-android (https://github.com/appunite/AndroidFFmpeg) and it works for files.
    The problem is that it shows nothing for network streams (both rtmp and hls) as frame timestamp is too big and it seems to be not from video beginning (as for file). Then it waits for the first frame time which for network stream is too big :

    player_decode_video copying...
    05-05 18:11:26.994: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 568.233000, time_base: 51140970
    05-05 18:11:26.994: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] start
    ...
    05-05 18:11:30.587: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (0.000977)
    05-05 18:11:30.587: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: 568232023
    05-05 18:11:31.088: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] timeout
    05-05 18:11:31.088: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (0.501542)
    05-05 18:11:31.088: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: 567731458
    05-05 18:11:31.588: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] timeout
    05-05 18:11:31.588: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (1.002778)
    05-05 18:11:31.588: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: 567230222
    05-05 18:11:32.089: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] timeout
    05-05 18:11:32.089: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (1.504563)
    05-05 18:11:32.089: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: 566728437
    05-05 18:11:32.590: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] timeout
    05-05 18:11:32.590: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (2.005708)
    05-05 18:11:32.590: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: 566227292

    also i can’t figure out what timestamp for frame for network stream means (for file frames it’s a time from video beginning)

    for file it’s clear : time_base is frame number and timestamp is time from video beginning and it plays the files :

    player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 0.320000, time_base: 8
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] start
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (0.320000) - (0.344337)
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: -24337
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] finish[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_update_time: 0.346169/4.000000
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode waiting for frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode decoding frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video decoding
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copy wait
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream Read frame
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream looking for stream
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream stream found [0]
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream waiting for queue
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): Format: WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): Buffer: width: 1280, height: 720, stride: 1280
    05-05 18:32:42.344: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copying...
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 0.360000, time_base: 9
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] start
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (0.360000) - (0.427994)
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: -67994
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] finish[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_update_time: 0.429214/4.000000
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode waiting for frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode decoding frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video decoding
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream Read frame
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream looking for stream
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream stream found [0]
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream waiting for queue
    05-05 18:32:42.425: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copy wait
    05-05 18:32:42.435: INFO/player.c(16998): Format: WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
    05-05 18:32:42.435: INFO/player.c(16998): Buffer: width: 1280, height: 720, stride: 1280
    05-05 18:32:42.435: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copying...
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 0.400000, time_base: 10
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] start
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (0.400000) - (0.494742)
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: -94742
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] finish[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_update_time: 0.495993/4.000000
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode waiting for frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode decoding frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video decoding
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copy wait
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream Read frame
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): Format: WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): Buffer: width: 1280, height: 720, stride: 1280
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copying...
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream looking for stream
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream stream found [0]
    05-05 18:32:42.495: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream waiting for queue
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 0.440000, time_base: 11
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] start
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (0.440000) - (0.556698)
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] Waiting for frame: sleeping: -116698
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_wait_for_frame[0] finish[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_update_time: 0.557858/4.000000
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode waiting for frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream Read frame
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream looking for stream
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream stream found [0]
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_read_from_stream waiting for queue
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode decoding frame[0]
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video decoding
    05-05 18:32:42.555: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copy wait
    05-05 18:32:42.565: INFO/player.c(16998): Format: WINDOW_FORMAT_RGBA_8888
    05-05 18:32:42.565: INFO/player.c(16998): Buffer: width: 1280, height: 720, stride: 1280
    05-05 18:32:42.565: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video copying...
    05-05 18:32:42.625: INFO/player.c(16998): player_decode_video Decoded video frame: 0.480000, time_base: 12

    So what is the meaning of timestamp for stream and what should i change to make it playing streams (rtmp/hls - its can be opened now but it wait for frame time which is far in the future) ?

    UPDATE :

       int64_t pts = av_frame_get_best_effort_timestamp(frame);
    if (pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
       pts = 0;
    }
    int64_t time = av_rescale_q(pts, stream->time_base, AV_TIME_BASE_Q);
    LOGI(10,
           "player_decode_video Decoded video frame: %f, time_base: %" SCNd64,
           time/1000000.0, pts);
    player_wait_for_frame(player, time, stream_no);

    it extracts time which is far in future :

    player_wait_for_frame[0 = Video] = (568.233000) - (0.000977)

    Is it correct ?

  • Error using FFMPEG to convert each input image into H264 compiling in Visual Studio running in MevisLab

    21 février 2014, par user3012914

    I am creating a ML Module in MevisLab Framework, I am using FFMPEG to convert each image i get into a H264 Video and save it after I get all the frames. But unfortunately I have problem allocating the output buffer size. The application crashes when I include this in my code.If I am not including it, the output file size is just 4kb. Nothing is stored in it.

    I am also not very sure whether it is correct way of getting the HBitmap into the Encoder. Would be great to have your suggestions.

    My Code :

    BITMAPINFO bitmapInfo;
               HDC        hdc;

               ZeroMemory(&bitmapInfo, sizeof(bitmapInfo));

               BITMAPINFOHEADER &bitmapInfoHeader = bitmapInfo.bmiHeader;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biSize            = sizeof(bitmapInfoHeader);
               bitmapInfoHeader.biWidth           = _imgWidth;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biHeight          = _imgHeight;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biPlanes          =  1;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biBitCount        = 24;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biCompression     = BI_RGB;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biSizeImage       = ((bitmapInfoHeader.biWidth * bitmapInfoHeader.biBitCount / 8 + 3) & 0xFFFFFFFC) * bitmapInfoHeader.biHeight;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biXPelsPerMeter   = 10000;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biYPelsPerMeter   = 10000;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biClrUsed         = 0;
               bitmapInfoHeader.biClrImportant    = 0;
               //RGBQUAD* Ref = new RGBQUAD[_imgWidth,_imgHeight];
               HDC hdcscreen = GetDC(0);

               hdc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdcscreen);
               ReleaseDC(0, hdcscreen);

               _hbitmap = CreateDIBSection(hdc, (BITMAPINFO*) &bitmapInfoHeader, DIB_RGB_COLORS, &_bits, NULL, NULL);

    To get the BitMap I use the above code. Then I allocate the Codec Context as followed

    c->bit_rate = 400000;
                   // resolution must be a multiple of two
                   c->width = 1920;
                   c->height = 1080;
                   // frames per second
                   frame_rate = _framesPerSecondFld->getIntValue();
                   //AVRational rational = {1,10};
                   //c->time_base = (AVRational){1,25};
                    //c->time_base = (AVRational){1,25};
                    c->gop_size = 10; // emit one intra frame every ten frames
                    c->max_b_frames = 1;
                    c->keyint_min = 1;   //minimum GOP size
                    c->time_base.num = 1;                                  // framerate numerator
                    c->time_base.den = _framesPerSecondFld->getIntValue();
                    c->i_quant_factor = (float)0.71;                        // qscale factor between P and I frames
                    c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_RGB32;
                    std::string msg;
                    msg.append("Context is stored");
                    _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());

    I create the Bitmap Image as followed from the input

    PagedImage *inImg = getUpdatedInputImage(0);
           ML_CHECK(inImg);
           ImageVector imgExt = inImg->getImageExtent();
           if ((imgExt.x = _imgWidth) && (imgExt.y == _imgHeight))
           {
           if (((imgExt.x % 4)==0) && ((imgExt.y % 4) == 0))
           {
                    // read out input image and write output image into video
                   // get input image as an array
                   void* imgData = NULL;
                   SubImageBox imageBox(imgExt); // get the whole image
                   getTile(inImg, imageBox, MLuint8Type, &imgData);
                   iData = (MLuint8*)imgData;
                   int r = 0; int g = 0;int  b = 0;
                   // since we have only images with
                   // a z-ext of 1, we can compute the c stride as follows
                   int cStride = _imgWidth * _imgHeight;
                   uint8_t offset  = 0;
                   // pointer into the bitmap that is
                   // used to write images into the avi
                   UCHAR* dst = (UCHAR*)_bits;
                   for (int y = _imgHeight-1; y >= 0; y--)
                   { // reversely scan the image. if y-rows of DIB are set in normal order, no compression will be available.
                       offset = _imgWidth * y;
                       for (int x = 0; x < _imgWidth; x++)
                       {
                           if (_isGreyValueImage)
                           {
                               r = iData[offset + x];
                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)r;
                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)r;
                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)r;
                           }
                           else
                           {
                               b = iData[offset + x]; // windows bitmap need reverse order: bgr instead of rgb
                               g = iData[offset + x + cStride          ];
                               r = iData[offset + x + cStride + cStride];

                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)r;
                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)g;
                               *dst++ = (UCHAR)b;
                           }
                           // alpha channel in input image is ignored
                       }
                   }

    Then I add it to the Encoder as followed as write as H264

    in_width   = c->width;
                    in_height  = c->height;
                    out_width  = c->width;
                    out_height = c->height;
                    ibytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_BGR32, in_width, in_height);
                    obytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, out_width, out_height);
                    outbuf_size = 100000 + c->width*c->height*(32>>3);      // allocate output buffer
                    outbuf = static_cast(malloc(outbuf_size));

                    if(!obytes)
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Bytes cannot be allocated");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Bytes allocation done");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                    //create buffer for the output image
                    inbuffer  =  (uint8_t*)av_malloc(ibytes);
                    outbuffer =  (uint8_t*)av_malloc(obytes);
                    inbuffer  =  (uint8_t*)dst;

                    //create ffmpeg frame structures.  These do not allocate space for image data,
                    //just the pointers and other information about the image.
                    AVFrame* inpic = avcodec_alloc_frame();
                    AVFrame* outpic = avcodec_alloc_frame();

                    //this will set the pointers in the frame structures to the right points in
                    //the input and output buffers.
                    avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)inpic, inbuffer, PIX_FMT_BGR32, in_width, in_height);
                    avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)outpic, outbuffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, out_width, out_height);
                    av_image_alloc(outpic->data, outpic->linesize, c->width, c->height, c->pix_fmt, 1);
                    inpic->data[0] += inpic->linesize[0]*(_imgHeight-1);                                                      // flipping frame
                    inpic->linesize[0] = -inpic->linesize[0];    

                    if(!inpic)
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Image is empty");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Picture has allocations");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }

                    //create the conversion context
                    fooContext = sws_getContext(in_width, in_height, PIX_FMT_BGR32, out_width, out_height, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_FAST_BILINEAR, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                    //perform the conversion
                    sws_scale(fooContext, inpic->data, inpic->linesize, 0, in_height, outpic->data, outpic->linesize);
                    //out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, outbuf,outbuf_size, outpic);
                    if(!out_size)
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Outsize is not valid");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Outsize is valid");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                        fwrite(outbuf, 1, out_size, f);
                        if(!fwrite)
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Frames couldnt be written");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        std::string msg;
                        msg.append("Frames written to the file");
                        _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());
                    }
                       // for (;out_size; i++)
                       // {
                             out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, outbuf, outbuf_size, NULL);
                             std::string msg;                      
                             msg.append("Writing Frames");
                             _messageFld->setStringValue(msg.c_str());// encode the delayed frames
                             _numFramesFld->setIntValue(_numFramesFld->getIntValue()+1);
                             fwrite(outbuf, 1, out_size, f);
                       // }
                        outbuf[0] = 0x00;
                        outbuf[1] = 0x00;                                                                                               // add sequence end code to have a real mpeg file
                        outbuf[2] = 0x01;
                        outbuf[3] = 0xb7;
                        fwrite(outbuf, 1, 4, f);
    }

    Then close and clean the Image Buffer and file

     ML_TRACE_IN("MovieCreator::_endRecording()")
    if (_numFramesFld->getIntValue() == 0)
    {
       _messageFld->setStringValue("Empty movie, nothing saved.");
    }
    else
    {
       _messageFld->setStringValue("Movie written to disk.");
       _numFramesFld->setIntValue(0);
    if (_hbitmap)
    {
       DeleteObject(_hbitmap);
    }
    if (c != NULL)
    {
          av_free(outbuffer);    
          av_free(inpic);
          av_free(outpic);
          fclose(f);
          avcodec_close(c);                                                                                               // freeing memory
          free(outbuf);
          av_free(c);
    }
    }

    }

    I think the Main Problem is over here !!

                        //out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, outbuf,outbuf_size, outpic);
  • FFmpeg/libav : YUV420P to RGB conversion

    17 janvier 2014, par learner

    I am working with Video encoding-decoding based on online tutorials. In the encoding section, the dummy image created is in YUV420P format. I need it to be in RGB or BGR format. Any idea how to do this ??

    #include
    #include
    #include

    #ifdef HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H
    #undef HAVE_AV_CONFIG_H
    #endif

    #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
    #include "libavutil/mathematics.h"

    #define INBUF_SIZE 4096
    #define AUDIO_INBUF_SIZE 20480
    #define AUDIO_REFILL_THRESH 4096

    /*
    * Video encoding example
    */
    static void video_encode_example(const char *filename)
    {
        AVCodec *codec;
        AVCodecContext *c = NULL;
        int i, out_size, size, x, y, outbuf_size;
        FILE *f;
        AVFrame *picture;
        uint8_t *outbuf, *picture_buf;

        printf("Video encoding\n");

        /* find the mpeg1 video encoder */
        codec = avcodec_find_encoder(CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
        if (!codec)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        c = avcodec_alloc_context();
        picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();

        /* put sample parameters */
        c->bit_rate = 400000;
        /* resolution must be a multiple of two */
        c->width = 352;
        c->height = 288;
        /* frames per second */
        c->time_base= (AVRational){1,25};
        c->gop_size = 10; /* emit one intra frame every ten frames */
        c->max_b_frames=1;
        c->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUV420P;

        /* open it */
        if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        f = fopen(filename, "wb");
        if (!f)
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "could not open file! %s\n", filename);
            exit(1);
        }

        /* alloc image and output buffer */
        outbuf_size = 100000;
        outbuf = malloc(outbuf_size);
        size = c->width * c->height;
        picture_buf = malloc((size * 3) / 2); /* size for YUV 420 */

        picture->data[0] = picture_buf;
        picture->data[1] = picture->data[0] + size;
        picture->data[2] = picture->data[1] + size / 4;
        picture->linesize[0] = c->width;
        picture->linesize[1] = c->width / 2;
        picture->linesize[2] = c->width / 2;

        /* encode 1 second of video */
        for(i=0; i<25; i++)
        {
            fflush(stdout);
            /* prepare a dummy image */
            /* Y */
            for(y=0; y < c->height; y++)
            {
                for(x=0; x < c->width; x++)
                {
                    picture->data[0][y * picture->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
                }
            }

            /* Cb and Cr */
            for(y=0; y < c->height/2; y++)
            {
                for(x=0; x < c->width/2; x++)
                {
                    picture->data[1][y * picture->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
                    picture->data[2][y * picture->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
                }
            }

            /* encode the image */
            out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, outbuf, outbuf_size, picture);
            printf("encoding frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, out_size);
            fwrite(outbuf, 1, out_size, f);
        }

        /* get the delayed frames */
        for(; out_size; i++)
        {
            fflush(stdout);

            out_size = avcodec_encode_video(c, outbuf, outbuf_size, NULL);
            printf("write frame %3d (size=%5d)\n", i, out_size);
            fwrite(outbuf, 1, out_size, f);
        }

        /* add sequence end code to have a real mpeg file */
        outbuf[0] = 0x00;
        outbuf[1] = 0x00;
        outbuf[2] = 0x01;
        outbuf[3] = 0xb7;
        fwrite(outbuf, 1, 4, f);
        fclose(f);
        free(picture_buf);
        free(outbuf);

        avcodec_close(c);
        av_free(c);
        av_free(picture);
        printf("\n");
    }

    /*
     * Video decoding example
     */

    static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf, int wrap, int xsize, int ysize,
                         char *filename)
    {
        FILE *f;
        int i;

        f=fopen(filename,"w");
        fprintf(f,"P5\n%d %d\n%d\n",xsize,ysize,255);
        for(i=0; i* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged mpeg streams) */
        memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);

        printf("Video decoding\n");

        /* find the mpeg1 video decoder */
        codec = avcodec_find_decoder(CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
        if (!codec) {
            fprintf(stderr, "codec not found\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        c = avcodec_alloc_context();
        picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();

        if(codec->capabilities&CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
            c->flags|= CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED; /* we do not send complete frames */

        /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
           MUST be initialized there because this information is not
           available in the bitstream. */

        /* open it */
        if (avcodec_open(c, codec) < 0) {
            fprintf(stderr, "could not open codec\n");
            exit(1);
        }

        /* the codec gives us the frame size, in samples */

        f = fopen(filename, "rb");
        if (!f) {
            fprintf(stderr, "could not open file! %s\n", filename);
            exit(1);
        }

        frame = 0;
        for(;;) {
            avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
            if (avpkt.size == 0)
                break;

            /* NOTE1: some codecs are stream based (mpegvideo, mpegaudio)
               and this is the only method to use them because you cannot
               know the compressed data size before analysing it.

               BUT some other codecs (msmpeg4, mpeg4) are inherently frame
               based, so you must call them with all the data for one
               frame exactly. You must also initialize 'width' and
               'height' before initializing them. */

            /* NOTE2: some codecs allow the raw parameters (frame size,
               sample rate) to be changed at any frame. We handle this, so
               you should also take care of it */

            /* here, we use a stream based decoder (mpeg1video), so we
               feed decoder and see if it could decode a frame */

            avpkt.data = inbuf;
            while (avpkt.size > 0)
            {
                len = avcodec_decode_video2(c, picture, &got_picture, &avpkt);
                if (len < 0)
                {
                    fprintf(stderr, "Error while decoding frame %d\n", frame);
                    exit(1);
                }
                if (got_picture)
                {
                    printf("saving frame %3d\n", frame);
                    fflush(stdout);

                    /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
                       free it */
                    snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, frame);
                    pgm_save(picture->data[0], picture->linesize[0],
                             c->width, c->height, buf);
                    frame++;
                }
                avpkt.size -= len;
                avpkt.data += len;
            }
        }

        /* some codecs, such as MPEG, transmit the I and P frame with a
           latency of one frame. You must do the following to have a
           chance to get the last frame of the video */

        avpkt.data = NULL;
        avpkt.size = 0;
        len = avcodec_decode_video2(c, picture, &got_picture, &avpkt);
        if (got_picture)
        {
            printf("saving last frame %3d\n", frame);
            fflush(stdout);

            /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
               free it */
            snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), outfilename, frame);
            pgm_save(picture->data[0], picture->linesize[0],
                     c->width, c->height, buf);
            frame++;
        }

        fclose(f);

        avcodec_close(c);
        av_free(c);
        av_free(picture);
        printf("\n");
    }

    int main(int argc, char **argv)
    {
        const char *filename;

        /* must be called before using avcodec lib */
        avcodec_init();

        /* register all the codecs */
        avcodec_register_all();

        if (argc <= 1)
        {
            video_encode_example("asdf.mpg");
            filename = "asdf.mpg";
        }
        else
        {
            filename = argv[1];
        }

        video_decode_example("%d.pgm", filename);

        return 0;
    }

    I tried with PIX_FMT_RGB24 and changing each channel accordingly. For this, I declared another :

    AVFrame *pictureRGB ; and then : pictureRGB = avcodec_alloc_frame() ;

    for(y=0; y < c->height; y++)
    {
        for(x=0; x < c->width; x++)
        {
             pictureRGB ->data[0][y * pictureRGB ->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
             pictureRGB ->data[1][y * pictureRGB ->linesize[1] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
             pictureRGB ->data[2][y * pictureRGB ->linesize[2] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
        }
    }

    But it gives errors ! I am totally new to this library. Is it possible to directly encode as a RGB dummy image rather than as YUV420P. Anybody out there with sound knowledge in this area ??? Thanks in advance !