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• Libav/ffmpeg api duplicates first frame of mp4 video and makes it second frame

  22 janvier 2020, par Optic_Ray

  I am making video mp4 file from couple of jpg image files with different sizes present as sample< number >.jpg (sample1.jpg, sample2.jpg, etc) in a folder. I modified ffmpeg muxing.c example to make it create mp4 file from these set of jpg images(for frames) and also modified it to create only video stream(no audio stream). It is able to create mp4 file with n video frames from n different jpg image files, but mp4 file it outputs when n=2 isn’t as expected. I have tried from n=1 to n=7 so far. When n=2 mp4 file is created but I could see only first jpg image as frame in the entire video. It appears as if first frame(first jpg image) is duplicated and used as second frame too, as I just can’t find image of second jpg image file when I play the video. When I make video with 2 frames from 2 different jpg files, I want first frame to be first jpg image and second frame to be second jpg image. How do I achieve that ?

  ffmpeg configuration :

  ffmpeg version 3.4.6-0ubuntu0.18.04.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with gcc 7 (Ubuntu 7.3.0-16ubuntu3)
  
    configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.18.04.1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librubberband --enable-librsvg --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencv --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  
    libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  
    libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  
    libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  
    libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  
    libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  
    libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  
    libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  
    libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  
    libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
  
  Hyper fast Audio and Video encoder

  Number of frames in video can be set in #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE n//n=number of frames. Following is the entire code :

  #include 
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>avassert.h>
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>channel_layout.h>
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>opt.h>
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>mathematics.h>
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>imgutils.h>
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>timestamp.h>
  
  #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
  
  #include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>
  
  #include <libswresample></libswresample>swresample.h>
  
  
  
  #define STREAM_DURATION   1
  
  #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 2 /* 2 image/s */
  
  #define STREAM_PIX_FMT    AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
  
  
  
  #define SCALE_FLAGS SWS_BICUBIC
  
  
  
  // a wrapper around a single output AVStream
  
  typedef struct OutputStream {
  
      AVStream *st;
  
      AVCodecContext *enc;
  
  
  
      /* pts of the next frame that will be generated */
  
      int64_t next_pts;
  
      int samples_count;
  
  
  
      AVFrame *frame;
  
      AVFrame *tmp_frame;
  
  
  
      float t, tincr, tincr2;
  
  
  
      struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
  
      struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
  
  } OutputStream;
  
  
  
  static void log_packet(const AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVPacket *pkt)
  
  {
  
      AVRational *time_base = &amp;fmt_ctx->streams[pkt->stream_index]->time_base;
  
  
  
      printf("pts:%s pts_time:%s dts:%s dts_time:%s duration:%s duration_time:%s stream_index:%d\n",
  
             av_ts2str(pkt->pts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->pts, time_base),
  
             av_ts2str(pkt->dts), av_ts2timestr(pkt->dts, time_base),
  
             av_ts2str(pkt->duration), av_ts2timestr(pkt->duration, time_base),
  
             pkt->stream_index);
  
  }
  
  
  
  static int write_frame(AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, const AVRational *time_base, AVStream *st, AVPacket *pkt)
  
  {
  
      /* rescale output packet timestamp values from codec to stream timebase */
  
      av_packet_rescale_ts(pkt, *time_base, st->time_base);
  
      pkt->stream_index = st->index;
  
      /* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
  
      log_packet(fmt_ctx, pkt);
  
      return av_interleaved_write_frame(fmt_ctx, pkt);
  
  }
  
  
  
  /* Add an output stream. */
  
  static void add_stream(OutputStream *ost, AVFormatContext *oc,
  
                         AVCodec **codec,
  
                         enum AVCodecID codec_id)
  
  {
  
      AVCodecContext *c;
  
      int i;
  
      /* find the encoder */
  
      *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
  
      if (!(*codec)) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for '%s'\n",
  
                  avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      ost->st = avformat_new_stream(oc, NULL);
  
      if (!ost->st) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate stream\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
      ost->st->id = oc->nb_streams-1;
  
      c = avcodec_alloc_context3(*codec);
  
      if (!c) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not alloc an encoding context\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
      ost->enc = c;
  
  
  
      switch ((*codec)->type) {
  
      case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
  
      printf("######################2 audio add stream\n");
  
          c->sample_fmt  = (*codec)->sample_fmts ?
  
              (*codec)->sample_fmts[0] : AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP;
  
          c->bit_rate    = 64000;
  
          c->sample_rate = 44100;
  
          if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates) {
  
              c->sample_rate = (*codec)->supported_samplerates[0];
  
              for (i = 0; (*codec)->supported_samplerates[i]; i++) {
  
                  if ((*codec)->supported_samplerates[i] == 44100)
  
                      c->sample_rate = 44100;
  
              }
  
          }
  
          c->channels        = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
  
          c->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
  
          if ((*codec)->channel_layouts) {
  
              c->channel_layout = (*codec)->channel_layouts[0];
  
              for (i = 0; (*codec)->channel_layouts[i]; i++) {
  
                  if ((*codec)->channel_layouts[i] == AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO)
  
                      c->channel_layout = AV_CH_LAYOUT_STEREO;
  
              }
  
          }
  
          c->channels        = av_get_channel_layout_nb_channels(c->channel_layout);
  
          ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, c->sample_rate };
  
          break;
  
  
  
      case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
  
      printf("###################### video add stream\n");
  
          c->codec_id = codec_id;
  
  
  
          c->bit_rate = 400000;
  
          /* Resolution must be a multiple of two. */
  
          c->width    = 352;
  
          c->height   = 288;
  
          /* timebase: This is the fundamental unit of time (in seconds) in terms
  
           * of which frame timestamps are represented. For fixed-fps content,
  
           * timebase should be 1/framerate and timestamp increments should be
  
           * identical to 1. */
  
          ost->st->time_base = (AVRational){ 1, STREAM_FRAME_RATE };
  
          c->time_base       = ost->st->time_base;
  
  
  
          c->gop_size      = 12; /* emit one intra frame every twelve frames at most */
  
          c->pix_fmt       = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
  
          if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
  
              /* just for testing, we also add B-frames */
  
              c->max_b_frames = 2;//2
  
          }
  
          if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
  
              /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
  
               * This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
  
               * the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
  
              c->mb_decision = 2;//2
  
          }
  
      break;
  
  
  
      default:
  
          break;
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
  
      if (oc->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
  
          c->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  /**************************************************************/
  
  /* video output */
  
  
  
  static AVFrame *alloc_picture(enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt, int width, int height)
  
  {
  
      AVFrame *picture;
  
      int ret;
  
  
  
      picture = av_frame_alloc();
  
      if (!picture)
  
          return NULL;
  
  
  
      picture->format = pix_fmt;
  
      picture->width  = width;
  
      picture->height = height;
  
  
  
      /* allocate the buffers for the frame data */
  
      ret = av_frame_get_buffer(picture, 32);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate frame data.\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      return picture;
  
  }
  
  
  
  static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVCodec *codec, OutputStream *ost, AVDictionary *opt_arg)
  
  {
  
      int ret;
  
      AVCodecContext *c = ost->enc;
  
      AVDictionary *opt = NULL;
  
  
  
      av_dict_copy(&amp;opt, opt_arg, 0);
  
      printf("In open video\n");
  
      /* open the codec */
  
      ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, &amp;opt);
  
      av_dict_free(&amp;opt);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not open video codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* allocate and init a re-usable frame */
  
      ost->frame = alloc_picture(c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
  
      if (!ost->frame) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* If the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
  
       * picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
  
       * output format. */
  
      ost->tmp_frame = NULL;
  
      if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
  
          ost->tmp_frame = alloc_picture(AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
  
          if (!ost->tmp_frame) {
  
              fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture\n");
  
              exit(1);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* copy the stream parameters to the muxer */
  
      ret = avcodec_parameters_from_context(ost->st->codecpar, c);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not copy the stream parameters\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  }
  
  
  
  int open_image(const char* imageFileName,int width,int height,AVFrame *pict)
  
  {
  
      AVFormatContext *pFormatContext = avformat_alloc_context();
  
          if (!pFormatContext)
  
          {
  
              printf("ERROR could not allocate memory for Format Context");
  
              return 0;
  
          }
  
      //av_register_all();
  
      if (avformat_open_input(&amp;pFormatContext, imageFileName, NULL, NULL) != 0) 
  
          {
  
          printf("ERROR could not open the file");
  
          return 0;
  
          }
  
      printf("format %s, duration %ld us, bit_rate %ld", pFormatContext->iformat->name, pFormatContext->duration, pFormatContext->bit_rate);
  
      if (avformat_find_stream_info(pFormatContext,  NULL) &lt; 0) 
  
          {
  
          printf("ERROR could not get the stream info");
  
          return 0;
  
          }
  
      AVCodecParameters *pCodecParameters = pFormatContext->streams[0]->codecpar;
  
      printf("%d",pFormatContext->nb_streams);
  
      AVCodec *pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MJPEG);
  
      if (pCodec==NULL) {
  
          printf("ERROR unsupported codecopenimage!");
  
          printf("---------------------------------------11");
  
          return 0;
  
          }
  
      AVCodecContext *pCodecCtx =avcodec_alloc_context3(pCodec);
  
      if (!pCodecCtx)
  
          {
  
              printf("failed to allocated memory for AVCodecContext");
  
              return 0;
  
          }
  
          pCodecCtx->width = pCodecParameters->width;
  
          pCodecCtx->height = pCodecParameters->height;
  
          pCodecCtx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  
      if(pCodecCtx->color_range==AVCOL_RANGE_JPEG) printf("\nAVCOL_RANGE_JPEG\n");
  
      if (avcodec_parameters_to_context(pCodecCtx, pCodecParameters) &lt; 0)
  
          {
  
              printf("failed to copy codec params to codec context");
  
              return 0;
  
          }
  
      // Open codec
  
          if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,NULL)&lt;0)
  
              {
  
              printf("Could not open codec");
  
              return 0;
  
              }
  
  
  
          AVFrame *pFrame = av_frame_alloc();
  
          if (!pFrame)
  
              {
  
              printf("Can't allocate memory for AVFrame\n");
  
              return 0;
  
              }
  
  
  
          AVPacket *packet= av_packet_alloc();
  
  
  
          int temp=av_read_frame(pFormatContext, packet);
  
          while (temp >= 0)
  
              {
  
              if(packet->stream_index != 0){
  
                      continue;}
  
              int ret = avcodec_send_packet(pCodecCtx,packet);
  
              if (ret &lt; 0)
  
                  {
  
              printf("Error while sending a packet to the decoder: %s", av_err2str(ret));
  
                  return 0;
  
                  }
  
          ret = avcodec_receive_frame(pCodecCtx,pFrame);
  
              if (ret = 0 || ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret != AVERROR_EOF)
  
                  {
  
                      pFrame->quality = 1;
  
                  av_packet_unref(packet);
  
                  struct SwsContext *resize;
  
                  resize = sws_getContext(pCodecParameters->width, pCodecParameters->height,
  
                                            AV_PIX_FMT_YUVJ420P,
  
                                            width, height,
  
                                            AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
                                            SCALE_FLAGS, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  
                  sws_scale(resize,(const uint8_t * const *)pFrame->data, pFrame->linesize,
  
                    0, pCodecParameters->height, pict->data, pict->linesize);
  
              av_packet_free(&amp;packet);
  
              avcodec_free_context(&amp;pCodecCtx);
  
              avformat_close_input(&amp;pFormatContext);
  
                      return 1;
  
                  }
  
              else {
  
                      printf("Error [%d] while decoding frame: %s\n", ret,
  
              strerror(AVERROR(ret)));
  
              return 0;
  
                  }
  
              }
  
      avcodec_free_context(&amp;pCodecCtx);
  
      avformat_close_input(&amp;pFormatContext);
  
      return 0;
  
      }
  
  
  
  static void fill_yuv_image(AVFrame *pict, int frame_index,
  
                             int width, int height)
  
  {
  
      int ret;
  
      /* when we pass a frame to the encoder, it may keep a reference to it
  
       * internally;
  
       * make sure we do not overwrite it here*/
  
  
  
      ret = av_frame_make_writable(pict);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0)
  
          exit(1);
  
  
  
      char filename[256];
  
      sprintf(filename, "sample%d.jpg", frame_index+1);
  
  
  
      if(open_image(filename,width,height,pict)!=1) exit(1);
  
  }
  
  
  
  static AVFrame *get_video_frame(OutputStream *ost)
  
  {
  
      AVCodecContext *c = ost->enc;
  
      /* check if we want to generate more frames */
  
      if (av_compare_ts(ost->next_pts, c->time_base,
  
                        STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) >= 0)
  
          return NULL;
  
  
  
      if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
  
          /* as we only generate a YUV420P picture, we must convert it
  
           * to the codec pixel format if needed */
  
          if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
  
              ost->sws_ctx = sws_getContext(c->width, c->height,
  
                                            AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
                                            c->width, c->height,
  
                                            c->pix_fmt,
  
                                            SCALE_FLAGS, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  
              if (!ost->sws_ctx) {
  
                  fprintf(stderr,
  
                          "Could not initialize the conversion context\n");
  
                  exit(1);
  
              }
  
          }
  
          fill_yuv_image(ost->tmp_frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
  
          sws_scale(ost->sws_ctx,
  
                    (const uint8_t * const *)ost->tmp_frame->data, ost->tmp_frame->linesize,
  
                    0, c->height, ost->frame->data, ost->frame->linesize);
  
      } else {
  
          fill_yuv_image(ost->frame, ost->next_pts, c->width, c->height);
  
      }
  
  
  
      ost->frame->pts = ost->next_pts++;
  
  
  
      return ost->frame;
  
  }
  
  
  
  /*
  
   * encode one video frame and send it to the muxer
  
   * return 1 when encoding is finished, 0 otherwise
  
   */
  
  static int write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
  
  {
  
      int ret;
  
      AVCodecContext *c;
  
      AVFrame *frame;
  
      int got_packet = 0;
  
      AVPacket pkt = { 0 };
  
  
  
      c = ost->enc;
  
      printf("In write_video_frame\n");
  
      frame = get_video_frame(ost);
  
  
  
      av_init_packet(&amp;pkt);
  
  
  
      /* encode the image */
  
      ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &amp;pkt, frame, &amp;got_packet);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding video frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
      if (got_packet) {
  
          ret = write_frame(oc, &amp;c->time_base, ost->st, &amp;pkt);
  
      } else {
  
          ret = 0;
  
      }
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      return (frame || got_packet) ? 0 : 1;
  
  }
  
  
  
  static void close_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, OutputStream *ost)
  
  {
  
      avcodec_free_context(&amp;ost->enc);
  
      av_frame_free(&amp;ost->frame);
  
      av_frame_free(&amp;ost->tmp_frame);
  
      sws_freeContext(ost->sws_ctx);
  
      swr_free(&amp;ost->swr_ctx);
  
  }
  
  
  
  /**************************************************************/
  
  /* media file output */
  
  
  
  int main(int argc, char **argv)
  
  {
  
      OutputStream video_st = { 0 };
  
      const char *filename;
  
      AVOutputFormat *fmt;
  
      AVFormatContext *oc;
  
      AVCodec *video_codec;
  
      int ret;
  
      int have_video = 0;
  
      int encode_video = 0;
  
      AVDictionary *opt = NULL;
  
      int i;
  
  
  
      /* Initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats. */
  
      av_register_all();
  
  
  
      if (argc &lt; 2) {
  
          printf("usage: %s output_file\n"
  
                 "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
  
                 "This program generates a synthetic audio and video stream, encodes and\n"
  
                 "muxes them into a file named output_file.\n"
  
                 "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
  
                 "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename.\n"
  
                 "\n", argv[0]);
  
          return 1;
  
      }
  
  
  
      filename = argv[1];
  
      for (i = 2; i+1 &lt; argc; i+=2) {
  
          if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-flags") || !strcmp(argv[i], "-fflags"))
  
              av_dict_set(&amp;opt, argv[i]+1, argv[i+1], 0);
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* allocate the output media context */
  
      avformat_alloc_output_context2(&amp;oc, NULL, NULL, filename);
  
      if (!oc) {
  
          printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
  
          avformat_alloc_output_context2(&amp;oc, NULL, "mpeg", filename);
  
      }
  
      if (!oc)
  
          return 1;
  
  
  
      fmt = oc->oformat;
  
  
  
      /* Add the audio and video streams using the default format codecs
  
       * and initialize the codecs. */
  
      if (fmt->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
  
          add_stream(&amp;video_st, oc, &amp;video_codec, fmt->video_codec);
  
          have_video = 1;
  
          encode_video = 1;
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* Now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
  
       * video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers. */
  
      if (have_video)
  
          open_video(oc, video_codec, &amp;video_st, opt);
  
  
  
      av_dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
  
  
  
      /* open the output file, if needed */
  
      if (!(fmt->flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
  
          ret = avio_open(&amp;oc->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
  
          if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
              fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s': %s\n", filename,
  
                      av_err2str(ret));
  
              return 1;
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* Write the stream header, if any. */
  
      ret = avformat_write_header(oc, &amp;opt);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file: %s\n",
  
                  av_err2str(ret));
  
          return 1;
  
      }
  
      while (encode_video) {
  
          /* select the stream to encode */
  
      printf("######################\n");
  
          if (encode_video &amp;&amp;
  
              (av_compare_ts(video_st.next_pts, video_st.enc->time_base,STREAM_DURATION, (AVRational){ 1, 1 }) &lt;= 0)) {
  
              encode_video = !write_video_frame(oc, &amp;video_st);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      av_write_trailer(oc);
  
  
  
      /* Close each codec. */
  
      if (have_video)
  
          close_stream(oc, &amp;video_st);
  
  
  
      if (!(fmt->flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE))
  
          /* Close the output file. */
  
          avio_closep(&amp;oc->pb);
  
  
  
      /* free the stream */
  
      avformat_free_context(oc);
  
  
  
      return 0;
  
  }```

• How to install dense trajectory without sudoers permission

  7 février 2019, par Albe

  I’m stuck for a week trying to install iDT(https://github.com/chuckcho/iDT) in a server hosted by university in which I don’t have root permissions. (VERSION=12.04.5 LTS)

  I tried to install the 2 main libraries (opencv and ffmpeg) following part(different versions) of this tutorial : http://dridini.blogspot.com/

  I managed (I think) to install the libraries in local :

  ffmpeg -version
  
  ffmpeg version N-93084-g835ab35 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  
  built with gcc 4.6 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5)
  
  configuration: --prefix=/home/XXXXX/ffmpeg_build --extra-cflags=-I/home/XXXXX/ffmpeg_build/include --extra-ldflags=-L/home/XXXXX/ffmpeg_build/lib --bindir=/home/XXXXX/bin --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libx264 --enable-pic --enable-shared
  
  libavutil      56. 26.100 / 56. 26.100
  
  libavcodec     58. 46.100 / 58. 46.100
  
  libavformat    58. 26.100 / 58. 26.100
  
  libavdevice    58.  6.101 / 58.  6.101
  
  libavfilter     7. 48.100 /  7. 48.100
  
  libswscale      5.  4.100 /  5.  4.100
  
  libswresample   3.  4.100 /  3.  4.100
  
  libpostproc    55.  4.100 / 55.  4.100 
  
  
  
  pkg-config --modversion opencv
  
  2.4.13.5

  I exported the LD_LIBRARY_PATH where all .so are.(I cannot perform ldconfig after)
  But when I try to make this is the result :

  g++ -L/home/chuck/opencv-2.4.11-cuda7.5/lib -L/opt/lib -pipe -Wall -O3 -ggdb -o release/DenseTrackStab  -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_video -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_ocl -lavformat -lavdevice -lavutil -lavcodec -lswscale
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_core
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_highgui
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_video
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_imgproc
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_calib3d
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_features2d
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_nonfree
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lopencv_ocl
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lavformat
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lavdevice
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lavutil
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lavcodec
  
  /usr/bin/ld: cannot find -lswscale
  
  collect2: ld returned 1 exit status
  
  make: *** [release/DenseTrackStab] Error 1

  I tried to modify the makeFile in order to add there the path or typing make with ldflag ( make "LDFLAGS=-L/$HOME/lib/opencv-2.4.13.5/lib/ -L/$HOME/ffmpeg_build/lib") giving me the same result :

  g++ -L/home/XXXXX/opencv-2.4.13.5/release/lib -L/opt/lib -pipe -Wall -O3 -ggdb -o release/DenseTrackStab  -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_video -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_nonfree -lopencv_ocl -lavformat -lavdevice -lavutil -lavcodec -lswscale
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 0 has invalid symbol index 10
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 1 has invalid symbol index 11
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 2 has invalid symbol index 2
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 3 has invalid symbol index 2
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 4 has invalid symbol index 10
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 5 has invalid symbol index 12
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 6 has invalid symbol index 12
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 7 has invalid symbol index 12
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 8 has invalid symbol index 2
  
  /usr/bin/ld: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o(.debug_info): relocation 9 has invalid symbol index 2

  This is the original Makefile

  # custom opencv
  
  OPENCV_INC := /home/chuck/opencv-2.4.11-cuda7.5/include
  
  OPENCV_LIB := /home/chuck/opencv-2.4.11-cuda7.5/lib
  
  
  
  # set the binaries that have to be built
  
  TARGETS := DenseTrackStab Video
  
  
  
  # set the build configuration set 
  
  BUILD := release
  
  #BUILD := debug
  
  
  
  # set bin and build dirs
  
  BUILDDIR := .build_$(BUILD)
  
  BINDIR := $(BUILD)
  
  
  
  # libraries 
  
  LDLIBS = $(addprefix -l, $(LIBS) $(LIBS_$(notdir $*)))
  
  LIBS := \
  
      opencv_core opencv_highgui opencv_video opencv_imgproc opencv_calib3d opencv_features2d opencv_nonfree \
  
      opencv_ocl \
  
      avformat avdevice avutil avcodec swscale
  
  
  
  # set some flags and compiler/linker specific commands
  
  CXXFLAGS = -pipe -D __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS -D STD=std -Wall $(CXXFLAGS_$(BUILD)) -I. -I$(OPENCV_INC) -I/opt/include
  
  CXXFLAGS_debug := -ggdb
  
  CXXFLAGS_release := -O3 -DNDEBUG -ggdb
  
  LDFLAGS = -L$(OPENCV_LIB) -L/opt/lib -pipe -Wall $(LDFLAGS_$(BUILD))
  
  LDFLAGS_debug := -ggdb
  
  LDFLAGS_release := -O3 -ggdb
  
  
  
  include make/generic.mk

  Is it possible what I’m trying to do or I must give up ? Any better solution for using this software ?
  thank you

• What is PII ? Your introduction to personally identifiable information

  15 janvier 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Privacy, Security
  Most websites you visit collect information about you via tools like Google Analytics and Matomo – sometimes collecting personally identifiable information (PII).

  When it comes to PII, people are becoming more concerned about data privacy. Identifiable information can be used for illegal purposes like identity theft and fraud. 

  So how can you protect yourself as an innocent internet browser ? In the case of website owners – how do you protect users and your company from falling prey to privacy breaches ?

  

  As one of the most trusted analytics companies, we feel our readers would benefit from being as informed as possible about data privacy issues and PII. Learn what it means, and what you can do to keep yours or others’ information safe.

  Table of Contents

  What does PII stand for ?

  PII acronym

  PII is an acronym for personally identifiable information.

  PII definition

  Personally identifiable information (PII) is a term used predominantly in the United States.

  The appendix of OMB M-10-23 (Guidance for Agency Use of Third-Party Website and Applications) gives this definition for PII :

  “The term ‘personally identifiable information’ refers to information which can be used to distinguish or trace an individual’s identity, such as their name, social security number, biometric records, etc. alone, or when combined with other personal or identifying information which is linked or linkable to a specific individual, such as date and place of birth, mother’s maiden name, etc.”

  What can be considered personally identifiable information (PII) ? Some PII examples :

  • Full name/usernames
  • Home address/mailing address
  • Email address
  • Credit card numbers
  • Date of birth
  • Phone numbers
  • Login details

  • Precise locations
  • Account numbers
  • Passwords
  • Security codes (including biometric records)
  • Personal identification numbers
  • Driver license number
  • Get a more comprehensive list here

  What’s non-PII ?

  Anonymous information, or information that can’t be traced back to an individual, can be considered non-PII.

  Who is affected by the exploitation of PII ?

  Anyone can be affected by the exploitation of personal data, where you have identity theft, account fraud and account takeovers. When websites resort to illegally selling or sharing your data and compromising your privacy, the fear is falling victim to such fraudulent activity. 

  PII can also be an issue when employees have access to the database and the data is not encrypted. For example, anyone working in a bank can access your accounts ; anyone working at Facebook may be able to read your messages. This shows how privacy breaches can easily happen when employees have access to PII.

  Website owner’s responsibility for data privacy (PII and analytics)

  To respect your website visitor’s privacy, best practice is to avoid collecting PII whenever possible. If you work in an industry which requires people to disclose personal information (e.g. healthcare, security industries, public sector), then you must ensure this data is collected and handled securely. 

  

  The US National Institute of Standards and Technology states : “The likelihood of harm caused by a breach involving PII is greatly reduced if an organisation minimises the amount of PII it uses, collects, and stores. For example, an organisation should only request PII in a new form if the PII is absolutely necessary.” 

  How you’re held accountable remains up to the privacy laws of the country you’re doing business in. Make sure you are fully aware of the privacy and data protection laws that relate specifically to you. 

  To reduce the risk of privacy breaches, try collecting as little PII as you can ; purging it as soon as you can ; and making sure your IT security is updated and protected against security threats. 

  If you’re using data collection tools like web analytics, data may be tracked through features like User ID, custom variables, and custom dimensions. Sometimes they are also harder to identify when they are present, for example, in page URLs, page titles, or referrers URLs. So make sure you’re optimising your web analytics tools’ settings to ensure you’re asking your users for consent and respecting users’ privacy.

  If you’re using a GDPR compliant tool like Matomo, learn how you can stop processing such personal data

  PII, GDPR and businesses in the US/EU

  Because PII is broad, you may run into confusion when considering PII and GDPR (which applies in the EU). The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides more safeguards for user privacy.

  GDPR grants people in the EU more rights concerning their “personal data” (more on PII vs personal data below). In the EU the GDPR restricts the collection and processing of personal data. The repercussions are severe penalties and fines for privacy infringements. Businesses are required to handle this personal data carefully. You can be fined up to 4% of their yearly revenue for data breaches or non-compliance. 

  

  Although there isn’t an overarching data protection law in the US, there are hundreds of laws on both the federal and state levels to protect the personal data of US residents. US Congress has also enacted industry-specific statutes related to data privacy, and the state of California passed the California Consumer Privacy Act. 

  To be on the safe side, if you are using analytics, follow matters relating to “personal data” in the GDPR. It’s all-encompassing when it comes to protecting user privacy. GDPR rules still apply whenever an EU citizen visits any non EU site (that processes personal data).

  Personally identifiable information (PII) vs personal data

  PII and “personal data” aren’t used interchangeably. All personal data can be PII, but not all PII can be defined as personal data.

  The definition of “personal data” according to the GDPR :

  

  This means “personal data” encompasses a greater number of identifiers which include the online sphere. Examples include : IP addresses and URL names. As well as seemingly “innocent” data like height, job position, company etc. 

  What’s considered personal data depends on the context. If a piece of information can be combined with others to establish someone’s identity then that can be considered personal data. 

  Under GDPR, when processing personal data, you need explicit consent. You need to ensure you’re compliant according to GDPR definitions of “personal data” not just what’s considered “PII”.

  How Matomo deals with PII and personal data

  Although Matomo Analytics is a web analytics software that tracks user activity on your website, we take privacy and PII very seriously – on both our Cloud and On-Premise offerings. 

  If you’re using Matomo and would like to know how you can be fully GDPR compliant and protect user privacy, read more :
  

  • Learn how to not process any personally identifiable information – Anonymise IP addresses, user IDs, and order IDs
  • Matomo protects user privacy by talking the talk and walking the walk
  • Stay ahead of the GDPR with a privacy-respecting analytics platform
  • 11 ways Matomo helps you protect your visitor’s privacy

  Disclaimer

  We are not lawyers and don’t claim to be. The information provided here is to help give an introduction to issues you may encounter when dealing with PII. We encourage every business and website to take data privacy seriously and discuss these issues with your lawyer if you have any concerns. 

  Additional resources :

  • https://www.consumeraffairs.com/finance/identity-theft-statistics.html#identity-theft-trends-in-2019
  • https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/law-topic/data-protection_en
  • https://iclg.com/practice-areas/data-protection-laws-and-regulations/usa
  • https://www.csoonline.com/article/3215864/how-to-protect-personally-identifiable-information-pii-under-gdpr.html
  • https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/key-definitions/what-is-personal-data/