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• Video conversion (using ffmpeg) fails only on apache server

  25 avril 2022, par wb.waldemar

  I'm trying to convert a video using latest static build of ffmpeg and following command :

  


  ffmpeg -report -y -loglevel info -i en--story-video.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 22 -c:a copy en--story-video-out.mp4


  


  This works actually fine on Ubuntu (desktop) and the same command works also on Win 10 but not on the server (Debian GNU/Linux 10) where it should actually work. I can't install or build ffmpeg directly so I've to use a static build. Also simple remux works on the server but not the converion and I do not understand why. I've also read and tried different approaches and suggestions, but none of them could solve the problem.

  


  Does someone have an idea what goes wrong ?

  


  ffmpeg started on 2022-04-22 at 13:02:44
Report written to "ffmpeg-20220422-130244.log"
Log level: 48
Command line:
/dev/tools/ffmpeg -report -y -loglevel info -i en--story-video.mp4 -c:v libx264 -preset slow -crf 22 -c:a copy en--story-video-out.mp4
ffmpeg version N-60837-ge81242bb13-static https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg
  libavutil      57. 22.100 / 57. 22.100
  libavcodec     59. 21.103 / 59. 21.103
  libavformat    59. 17.102 / 59. 17.102
  libavdevice    59.  5.100 / 59.  5.100
  libavfilter     8. 27.100 /  8. 27.100
  libswscale      6.  5.100 /  6.  5.100
  libswresample   4.  4.100 /  4.  4.100
  libpostproc    56.  4.100 / 56.  4.100
Splitting the commandline.
Reading option '-report' ... matched as option 'report' (generate a report) with argument '1'.
Reading option '-y' ... matched as option 'y' (overwrite output files) with argument '1'.
Reading option '-loglevel' ... matched as option 'loglevel' (set logging level) with argument 'info'.
Reading option '-i' ... matched as input url with argument 'en--story-video.mp4'.
Reading option '-c:v' ... matched as option 'c' (codec name) with argument 'libx264'.
Reading option '-preset' ... matched as AVOption 'preset' with argument 'slow'.
Reading option '-crf' ... matched as AVOption 'crf' with argument '22'.
Reading option '-c:a' ... matched as option 'c' (codec name) with argument 'copy'.
Reading option 'en--story-video-out.mp4' ... matched as output url.
Finished splitting the commandline.
Parsing a group of options: global .
Applying option report (generate a report) with argument 1.
Applying option y (overwrite output files) with argument 1.
Applying option loglevel (set logging level) with argument info.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Parsing a group of options: input url en--story-video.mp4.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an input file: en--story-video.mp4.
[NULL @ 0xb9b3b80] Opening 'en--story-video.mp4' for reading
[file @ 0xb9b41c0] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto,data'
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 probed with size=2048 and score=100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] ISO: File Type Major Brand: isom
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Processing st: 0, edit list 0 - media time: 512, duration: 522240
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Offset DTS by 512 to make first pts zero.
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Setting codecpar->delay to 2 for stream st: 0
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Processing st: 1, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 1502222
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 15666151 bytes read:88959 seeks:1 nb_streams:2
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 6(SEI), nal_ref_idc: 0
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[h264 @ 0xb9b6380] no picture 
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] All info found
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0xb9b3b80] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 43534 bytes read:155045 seeks:2 frames:4
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'en--story-video.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf59.17.102
  Duration: 00:00:34.06, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 3679 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und), 3, 1/15360: Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709, progressive), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 3544 kb/s, 60 fps, 60 tbr, 15360 tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : ISO Media file produced by Google Inc. Created on: 04/10/2019.
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x2](eng), 1, 1/44100: Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : ISO Media file produced by Google Inc. Created on: 04/10/2019.
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
Successfully opened the file.
Parsing a group of options: output url en--story-video-out.mp4.
Applying option c:v (codec name) with argument libx264.
Applying option c:a (codec name) with argument copy.
Successfully parsed a group of options.
Opening an output file: en--story-video-out.mp4.
[file @ 0xb9fbec0] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto,data'
Successfully opened the file.
detected 20 logical cores
[h264 @ 0xba04680] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xba04680] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xba04680] nal_unit_type: 6(SEI), nal_ref_idc: 0
[h264 @ 0xba04680] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0xba04680] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0xba04680] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[h264 @ 0xba04680] no picture 
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbaa3b80] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
[h264 @ 0xbaa3b80] no picture 
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xba067c0] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xba9c2c0] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xba21fc0] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbab8e80] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbac7b00] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbad6840] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbae5580] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbaf42c0] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb03000] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb11d40] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb20a80] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb2f7c0] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb3e500] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xbb4d240] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
cur_dts is invalid st:0 (0) [init:0 i_done:0 finish:0] (this is harmless if it occurs once at the start per stream)
[h264 @ 0xba04680] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 0
[h264 @ 0xbaa3b80] nal_unit_type: 1(Coded slice of a non-IDR picture), nal_ref_idc: 2
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] Setting 'video_size' to value '1920x1080'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] Setting 'pix_fmt' to value '0'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/15360'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] Setting 'pixel_aspect' to value '1/1'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] Setting 'frame_rate' to value '60/1'
[graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0xba9f800] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuv420p tb:1/15360 fr:60/1 sar:1/1
[format @ 0xbaa0540] Setting 'pix_fmts' to value 'yuv420p|yuvj420p|yuv422p|yuvj422p|yuv444p|yuvj444p|nv12|nv16|nv21|yuv420p10le|yuv422p10le|yuv444p10le|nv20le|gray|gray10le'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0xba16380] query_formats: 4 queried, 3 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
[libx264 @ 0xba03c80] using mv_range_thread = 24
[libx264 @ 0xba03c80] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0xba03c80] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
Error initializing output stream 0:0 -- Error while opening encoder for output stream #0:0 - maybe incorrect parameters such as bit_rate, rate, width or height
[AVIOContext @ 0xb9fba00] Statistics: 0 bytes written, 0 seeks, 0 writeouts
[AVIOContext @ 0xb9b4480] Statistics: 220581 bytes read, 2 seeks
Conversion failed!


  


• Python cv2 script that scans a giant image to a video. Raises error : Unknown C++ exception from OpenCV code

  26 avril 2022, par Mahrarena

  I wrote a script that scans a giant image to make a video. Normally I just post my scripts straight to my Code Review account, but this script is ugly, needs to be refactored, implements only horizontal scrolling and contains a bug that I can't get rid of.

  


  It is working but not perfect, I can't get the last line at the bottom of the image, with height of image_height % 1080. If I ignore it, the code is working fine, if I try to fix it, it throws exceptions.

  


  Example :

  


  Original image (Google Drive)

  


  Video Output (Google Drive)

  


  As you can see from the video, everything is working properly except the fact that I can't get the bottom line.

  


  Full working code

  


  ---

  


  import cv2
import numpy as np
import random
import rpack
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod

def resize_guide(image_size, target_area):
    aspect_ratio = Fraction(*image_size).limit_denominator()
    horizontal = aspect_ratio.numerator
    vertical = aspect_ratio.denominator
    unit_length = (target_area/(horizontal*vertical))**.5
    return (int(horizontal*unit_length), int(vertical*unit_length))

fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'h264')
FRAME = np.zeros((1080, 1920, 3), dtype=np.uint8)

def new_frame():
    return np.ndarray.copy(FRAME)

def center(image):
    frame = new_frame()
    h, w = image.shape[:2]
    yoff = round((1080-h)/2)
    xoff = round((1920-w)/2)
    frame[yoff:yoff+h, xoff:xoff+w] = image
    return frame

def image_scanning(file, fps=60, pan_increment=64, horizontal_increment=8, fast_decrement=256):
    image = cv2.imread(file)
    height, width = image.shape[:2]
    assert width*height >= 1920*1080
    video_writer = cv2.VideoWriter(file+'.mp4', fourcc, fps, (1920, 1080))
    fit_height = True
    if height < 1080:
        width = width*1080/height
        image = cv2.resize(image, (width, 1080), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
    aspect_ratio = width / height
    zooming_needed = False
    if 4/9 <= aspect_ratio <= 16/9:
        new_width = round(width*1080/height)
        fit = cv2.resize(image, (new_width, 1080), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
        zooming_needed = True
    
    elif 16/9 < aspect_ratio <= 32/9:
        new_height = round(height*1920/width)
        fit = cv2.resize(image, (1920, new_height), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
        fit_height = False
        zooming_needed = True
    
    centered = center(fit)
    for i in range(fps):
        video_writer.write(centered)
    if fit_height:
        xoff = round((1920 - new_width)/2)
        while xoff:
            if xoff - pan_increment >= 0:
                xoff -= pan_increment
            else:
                xoff = 0
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[0:1080, xoff:xoff+new_width] = fit
            video_writer.write(frame)
    else:
        yoff = round((1080 - new_height)/2)
        while yoff:
            if yoff - pan_increment >= 0:
                yoff -= pan_increment
            else:
                yoff = 0
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[yoff:yoff+new_height, 0:1920] = fit
            video_writer.write(frame)
    
    if zooming_needed:
        if fit_height:
            width_1, height_1 = new_width, 1080
        else:
            width_1, height_1 = 1920, new_height
        new_area = width_1 * height_1
        original_area = width * height
        area_diff = original_area - new_area
        unit_diff = area_diff / fps
        for i in range(1, fps+1):
            zoomed = cv2.resize(image, resize_guide((width_1, height_1), new_area+unit_diff*i), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
            zheight, zwidth = zoomed.shape[:2]
            zheight = min(zheight, 1080)
            zwidth = min(zwidth, 1920)
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[0:zheight, 0:zwidth] = zoomed[0:zheight, 0:zwidth]
            video_writer.write(frame)
    y, x = 0, 0
    completed = False
    while y != height - 1080:
        x = 0
        while x != width - 1920:
            if x + horizontal_increment + 1920 <= width:
                x += horizontal_increment
                frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
                video_writer.write(frame)
            else:
                x = width - 1920
                frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
                for i in range(round(fps/3)):
                    video_writer.write(frame)
                if y == height - 1080:
                    completed = True
        while x != 0:
            if x - fast_decrement - 1920 >= 0:
                x -= fast_decrement
            else:
                x = 0
            frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
            video_writer.write(frame)
        if y + 2160 <= height:
            y += 1080
        else:
            y = height - 1080
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
    video_writer.release()
    del video_writer


  


  The above the the code needed to produce the example video. It is working but the bottom line is missing.

  


  Now if I change the last few lines to this :

  


          if y + 2160 <= height:
            y += 1080
        else:
            y = height - 1080
            x = 0
            while x != width - 1920:
                if x + horizontal_increment + 1920 <= width:
                    x += horizontal_increment
                    frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
                    video_writer.write(frame)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
    video_writer.release()
    del video_writer


  


  I expect it to include the bottom line, but it just throws exceptions instead :

  


  OpenCV: FFMPEG: tag 0x34363268/&#x27;h264&#x27; is not supported with codec id 27 and format &#x27;mp4 / MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14)&#x27;&#xA;OpenCV: FFMPEG: fallback to use tag 0x31637661/&#x27;avc1&#x27;&#xA;---------------------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;error                                     Traceback (most recent call last)&#xA; in <module>&#xA;----> 1 image_scanning("D:/collages/91f53ebcea2a.png")&#xA;&#xA; in image_scanning(file, fps, pan_increment, horizontal_increment, fast_decrement)&#xA;    122                     x &#x2B;= horizontal_increment&#xA;    123                     frame = image[y:y&#x2B;1080, x:x&#x2B;1920]&#xA;--> 124                     video_writer.write(frame)&#xA;    125     cv2.destroyAllWindows()&#xA;    126     video_writer.release()&#xA;&#xA;error: Unknown C&#x2B;&#x2B; exception from OpenCV code&#xA;</module>

  


  (If you can't get the example code working I can't help you, but I am using Python 3.9.10 x64 on Windows 10, and I have this file : "C :\Windows\System32\openh264-1.8.0-win64.dll", the '.avi' format generates video files with Gibibytes (binary unit, not SI Gigabyte) of size)

  


  How to get rid of the exception ?

  


  ---

  


  Okay I yield, I admit the tone of the original post was very aggressive and provoking, but I was very frustrated and I really don't know why my posts keep getting downvoted. Now I deleted all offending portions so will you people please really have a look at my code and tell me what I did wrong. I can solve it by myself, I always do, but I am so stupid I can spend hours missing the obvious. So please will you help me ?

  


• Python cv2 script that scans a giant image to a video. Why do I need pad two extra lines

  27 avril 2022, par Mahrarena

  I wrote a script that scans a giant image to make a video. Normally I just post my scripts straight to my Code Review account, but this script is ugly, needs to be refactored, implements only horizontal scrolling and most importantly I just fixed a bug but I don't completely understand why it works.

  


  Example :

  


  Original image (Google Drive)

  


  Video Output (Google Drive)

  


  As you can see from the video, everything is working properly except the fact that I don't know how it works.

  


  Full working code

  


  ---

  


  import cv2
import numpy as np
import random
import rpack
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod

def resize_guide(image_size, target_area):
    aspect_ratio = Fraction(*image_size).limit_denominator()
    horizontal = aspect_ratio.numerator
    vertical = aspect_ratio.denominator
    unit_length = (target_area/(horizontal*vertical))**.5
    return (int(horizontal*unit_length), int(vertical*unit_length))

fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
FRAME = np.zeros((1080, 1920, 3), dtype=np.uint8)

def new_frame():
    return np.ndarray.copy(FRAME)

def center(image):
    frame = new_frame()
    h, w = image.shape[:2]
    yoff = round((1080-h)/2)
    xoff = round((1920-w)/2)
    frame[yoff:yoff+h, xoff:xoff+w] = image
    return frame

def image_scanning(file, fps=60, pan_increment=64, horizontal_increment=8):
    image = cv2.imread(file)
    height, width = image.shape[:2]
    assert width*height >= 1920*1080
    video_writer = cv2.VideoWriter(file+'.mp4', fourcc, fps, (1920, 1080))
    fit_height = True
    if height < 1080:
        width = width*1080/height
        image = cv2.resize(image, (width, 1080), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
    aspect_ratio = width / height
    zooming_needed = False
    if 4/9 <= aspect_ratio <= 16/9:
        new_width = round(width*1080/height)
        fit = cv2.resize(image, (new_width, 1080), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
        zooming_needed = True
    
    elif 16/9 < aspect_ratio <= 32/9:
        new_height = round(height*1920/width)
        fit = cv2.resize(image, (1920, new_height), interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
        fit_height = False
        zooming_needed = True
    
    centered = center(fit)
    for i in range(fps):
        video_writer.write(centered)
    if fit_height:
        xoff = round((1920 - new_width)/2)
        while xoff:
            if xoff - pan_increment >= 0:
                xoff -= pan_increment
            else:
                xoff = 0
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[0:1080, xoff:xoff+new_width] = fit
            video_writer.write(frame)
    else:
        yoff = round((1080 - new_height)/2)
        while yoff:
            if yoff - pan_increment >= 0:
                yoff -= pan_increment
            else:
                yoff = 0
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[yoff:yoff+new_height, 0:1920] = fit
            video_writer.write(frame)
    
    if zooming_needed:
        if fit_height:
            width_1, height_1 = new_width, 1080
        else:
            width_1, height_1 = 1920, new_height
        new_area = width_1 * height_1
        original_area = width * height
        area_diff = original_area - new_area
        unit_diff = area_diff / fps
        for i in range(1, fps+1):
            zoomed = cv2.resize(image, resize_guide((width_1, height_1), new_area+unit_diff*i), interpolation=cv2.INTER_AREA)
            zheight, zwidth = zoomed.shape[:2]
            zheight = min(zheight, 1080)
            zwidth = min(zwidth, 1920)
            frame = new_frame()
            frame[0:zheight, 0:zwidth] = zoomed[0:zheight, 0:zwidth]
            video_writer.write(frame)
    
    if (width - 1920) % horizontal_increment:
        new_width = ((width - 1920) // horizontal_increment + 1) * horizontal_increment + 1920
        frame = np.zeros([height, new_width, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
        frame[0:height, 0:width] = image
        width = new_width
        image = frame
    
    if height % 1080:
        new_height = (height // 1080 + 2) * 1080
        frame = np.zeros([new_height, width, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
        frame[0:height, 0:width] = image
        height = new_height - 1080
        image = frame
    
    y, x = 0, 0
    for y in range(0, height, 1080):
        for x in range(0, width-1920, horizontal_increment):
            frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
            video_writer.write(frame)
        x = width - 1920
        frame = image[y:y+1080, x:x+1920]
        for i in range(round(fps/3)):
            video_writer.write(frame)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
    video_writer.release()
    del video_writer


  


  I don't know why I need to pad two extra lines instead of one, meaning if I change this :

  


      if height % 1080:
        new_height = (height // 1080 + 2) * 1080
        frame = np.zeros([new_height, width, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
        frame[0:height, 0:width] = image
        height = new_height - 1080
        image = frame


  


  To this :

  


      if height % 1080:
        new_height = (height // 1080 + 1) * 1080
        frame = np.zeros([new_height, width, 3], dtype=np.uint8)
        frame[0:height, 0:width] = image
        height = new_height
        image = frame


  


  The program raises exceptions :

  


  OpenCV: FFMPEG: tag 0x34363268/&#x27;h264&#x27; is not supported with codec id 27 and format &#x27;mp4 / MP4 (MPEG-4 Part 14)&#x27;&#xA;OpenCV: FFMPEG: fallback to use tag 0x31637661/&#x27;avc1&#x27;&#xA;---------------------------------------------------------------------------&#xA;error                                     Traceback (most recent call last)&#xA; in <module>&#xA;----> 1 image_scanning("D:/collages/91f53ebcea2a.png")&#xA;&#xA; in image_scanning(file, fps, pan_increment, horizontal_increment, fast_decrement)&#xA;    122                     x &#x2B;= horizontal_increment&#xA;    123                     frame = image[y:y&#x2B;1080, x:x&#x2B;1920]&#xA;--> 124                     video_writer.write(frame)&#xA;    125     cv2.destroyAllWindows()&#xA;    126     video_writer.release()&#xA;&#xA;error: Unknown C&#x2B;&#x2B; exception from OpenCV code&#xA;</module>

  


  I guess it was caused by indexing error because the last line would not have enough pixels so padding the height of the image to a multiple of 1080 should work.

  


  But that's not the case, I need to pad two lines, why is that ? I really don't understand why it is working.

  


  ---

  


  No, I really wrote all of it, I understand all the principles, the ideas are all mine, but there is one small problem in implementation. I don't know why I need extra pixels in the bottom to make it work, because if I don't pad the height to a multiple of 1080, I can't get the bottom line, the lowest potion of height % 1080 would be lost.

  


  If I tried to get the lowest part, the program will raise exceptions even if I pad the height to a multiple of 1080, I think it is related to indexing but I don't fully understand it, turns out I need to pad the height and add extra pixels, even 1 pixel would work.

  


  I don't know why it raises exceptions and how add extra pixels got rid of the exception, but I understand everything else perfectly clear, after all I wrote it.

  


  There's a bug in my program, I don't know what caused it, and I want you to help me debugging, and that's the entire point of the question !