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  • FFMPEG Output File is Empty Nothing was Encoded (for a Picture) ?

    4 mars 2023, par Sarah Szabo

    I have a strange issue effecting one of my programs that does bulk media conversions using ffmpeg from the command line, however this effects me using it directly from the shell as well :

    


    ffmpeg -i INPUT.mkv -ss 0:30 -y -qscale:v 2 -frames:v 1 -f image2 -huffman optimal "OUTPUT.png"
fails every run with the error message :
Output file is empty, nothing was encoded (check -ss / -t / -frames parameters if used)

    


    This only happens with very specific videos, and seemingly no other videos. File type is usually .webm. These files have been downloaded properly (usually from yt-dlp), and I have tried re-downloading them just to verify their integrity.

    


    One such file from a colleague was : https://www.dropbox.com/s/xkucr2z5ra1p2oh/Triggerheart%20Execlica%20OST%20%28Arrange%29%20-%20Crueltear%20Ending.mkv?dl=0

    


    Is there a subtle issue with the command string ?

    


    Notes :

    


    removing -huffman optimal had no effect

    


    moving -ss to before -i had no effect

    


    removing -f image2 had no effect

    


    Full Log :

    


    sarah@MidnightStarSign:~/Music/Playlists/Indexing/Indexing Temp$ ffmpeg -i Triggerheart\ Execlica\ OST\ \(Arrange\)\ -\ Crueltear\ Ending.mkv -ss 0:30 -y -qscale:v 2 -frames:v 1 -f image2 -huffman optimal "TEST.png"
ffmpeg version n5.1.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 12.2.0 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --disable-debug --disable-static --disable-stripping --enable-amf --enable-avisynth --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-lto --enable-fontconfig --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdrm --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-libjack --enable-libmfx --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore_amrnb --enable-libopencore_amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librav1e --enable-librsvg --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtheora --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxcb --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-shared --enable-version3 --enable-vulkan
  libavutil      57. 28.100 / 57. 28.100
  libavcodec     59. 37.100 / 59. 37.100
  libavformat    59. 27.100 / 59. 27.100
  libavdevice    59.  7.100 / 59.  7.100
  libavfilter     8. 44.100 /  8. 44.100
  libswscale      6.  7.100 /  6.  7.100
  libswresample   4.  7.100 /  4.  7.100
  libpostproc    56.  6.100 / 56.  6.100
[matroska,webm @ 0x55927f484740] Could not find codec parameters for stream 2 (Attachment: none): unknown codec
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
Input #0, matroska,webm, from 'Triggerheart Execlica OST (Arrange) - Crueltear Ending.mkv':
  Metadata:
    title           : TriggerHeart Exelica PS2 & 360 Arrange ー 16 - Crueltear Ending
    PURL            : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ0bEa_8xEg
    COMMENT         : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ0bEa_8xEg
    ARTIST          : VinnyVynce
    DATE            : 20170905
    ENCODER         : Lavf59.27.100
  Duration: 00:00:30.00, start: -0.007000, bitrate: 430 kb/s
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: vp9 (Profile 0), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 720x720, SAR 1:1 DAR 1:1, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      DURATION        : 00:00:29.934000000
  Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: opus, 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp (default)
    Metadata:
      DURATION        : 00:00:30.001000000
  Stream #0:2: Attachment: none
    Metadata:
      filename        : cover.webp
      mimetype        : image/webp
Codec AVOption huffman (Huffman table strategy) specified for output file #0 (TEST.png) has not been used for any stream. The most likely reason is either wrong type (e.g. a video option with no video streams) or that it is a private option of some encoder which was not actually used for any stream.
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (vp9 (native) -> png (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
Output #0, image2, to 'TEST.png':
  Metadata:
    title           : TriggerHeart Exelica PS2 & 360 Arrange ー 16 - Crueltear Ending
    PURL            : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ0bEa_8xEg
    COMMENT         : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ0bEa_8xEg
    ARTIST          : VinnyVynce
    DATE            : 20170905
    encoder         : Lavf59.27.100
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: png, rgb24, 720x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 1:1], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      DURATION        : 00:00:29.934000000
      encoder         : Lavc59.37.100 png
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:00.00 bitrate=N/A speed=   0x    
video:0kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Output file is empty, nothing was encoded (check -ss / -t / -frames parameters if used)


    


    Manjaro OS System Specs :

    


    System:&#xA;  Kernel: 6.1.12-1-MANJARO arch: x86_64 bits: 64 compiler: gcc v: 12.2.1&#xA;    parameters: BOOT_IMAGE=/@/boot/vmlinuz-6.1-x86_64&#xA;    root=UUID=f11386cf-342d-47ac-84e6-484b7b2f377d rw rootflags=subvol=@&#xA;    radeon.modeset=1 nvdia-drm.modeset=1 quiet&#xA;    cryptdevice=UUID=059df4b4-5be4-44d6-a23a-de81135eb5b4:luks-disk&#xA;    root=/dev/mapper/luks-disk apparmor=1 security=apparmor&#xA;    resume=/dev/mapper/luks-swap udev.log_priority=3&#xA;  Desktop: KDE Plasma v: 5.26.5 tk: Qt v: 5.15.8 wm: kwin_x11 vt: 1 dm: SDDM&#xA;    Distro: Manjaro Linux base: Arch Linux&#xA;Machine:&#xA;  Type: Desktop Mobo: ASUSTeK model: PRIME X570-PRO v: Rev X.0x&#xA;    serial: <superuser required="required"> UEFI: American Megatrends v: 4408&#xA;    date: 10/27/2022&#xA;Battery:&#xA;  Message: No system battery data found. Is one present?&#xA;Memory:&#xA;  RAM: total: 62.71 GiB used: 27.76 GiB (44.3%)&#xA;  RAM Report: permissions: Unable to run dmidecode. Root privileges required.&#xA;CPU:&#xA;  Info: model: AMD Ryzen 9 5950X bits: 64 type: MT MCP arch: Zen 3&#x2B; gen: 4&#xA;    level: v3 note: check built: 2022 process: TSMC n6 (7nm) family: 0x19 (25)&#xA;    model-id: 0x21 (33) stepping: 0 microcode: 0xA201016&#xA;  Topology: cpus: 1x cores: 16 tpc: 2 threads: 32 smt: enabled cache:&#xA;    L1: 1024 KiB desc: d-16x32 KiB; i-16x32 KiB L2: 8 MiB desc: 16x512 KiB&#xA;    L3: 64 MiB desc: 2x32 MiB&#xA;  Speed (MHz): avg: 4099 high: 4111 min/max: 2200/6358 boost: disabled&#xA;    scaling: driver: acpi-cpufreq governor: schedutil cores: 1: 4099 2: 4095&#xA;    3: 4102 4: 4100 5: 4097 6: 4100 7: 4110 8: 4111 9: 4083 10: 4099 11: 4100&#xA;    12: 4094 13: 4097 14: 4101 15: 4100 16: 4099 17: 4100 18: 4097 19: 4098&#xA;    20: 4095 21: 4100 22: 4099 23: 4099 24: 4105 25: 4098 26: 4100 27: 4100&#xA;    28: 4092 29: 4103 30: 4101 31: 4100 32: 4099 bogomips: 262520&#xA;  Flags: 3dnowprefetch abm adx aes aperfmperf apic arat avic avx avx2 bmi1&#xA;    bmi2 bpext cat_l3 cdp_l3 clflush clflushopt clwb clzero cmov cmp_legacy&#xA;    constant_tsc cpb cpuid cqm cqm_llc cqm_mbm_local cqm_mbm_total&#xA;    cqm_occup_llc cr8_legacy cx16 cx8 de decodeassists erms extapic&#xA;    extd_apicid f16c flushbyasid fma fpu fsgsbase fsrm fxsr fxsr_opt ht&#xA;    hw_pstate ibpb ibrs ibs invpcid irperf lahf_lm lbrv lm mba mca mce&#xA;    misalignsse mmx mmxext monitor movbe msr mtrr mwaitx nonstop_tsc nopl npt&#xA;    nrip_save nx ospke osvw overflow_recov pae pat pausefilter pclmulqdq&#xA;    pdpe1gb perfctr_core perfctr_llc perfctr_nb pfthreshold pge pku pni popcnt&#xA;    pse pse36 rapl rdpid rdpru rdrand rdseed rdt_a rdtscp rep_good sep sha_ni&#xA;    skinit smap smca smep ssbd sse sse2 sse4_1 sse4_2 sse4a ssse3 stibp succor&#xA;    svm svm_lock syscall tce topoext tsc tsc_scale umip v_spec_ctrl&#xA;    v_vmsave_vmload vaes vgif vmcb_clean vme vmmcall vpclmulqdq wbnoinvd wdt&#xA;    x2apic xgetbv1 xsave xsavec xsaveerptr xsaveopt xsaves&#xA;  Vulnerabilities:&#xA;  Type: itlb_multihit status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: l1tf status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: mds status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: meltdown status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: mmio_stale_data status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: retbleed status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: spec_store_bypass mitigation: Speculative Store Bypass disabled via&#xA;    prctl&#xA;  Type: spectre_v1 mitigation: usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer&#xA;    sanitization&#xA;  Type: spectre_v2 mitigation: Retpolines, IBPB: conditional, IBRS_FW,&#xA;    STIBP: always-on, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected&#xA;  Type: srbds status: Not affected&#xA;  Type: tsx_async_abort status: Not affected&#xA;Graphics:&#xA;  Device-1: NVIDIA GA104 [GeForce RTX 3070] vendor: ASUSTeK driver: nvidia&#xA;    v: 525.89.02 alternate: nouveau,nvidia_drm non-free: 525.xx&#x2B;&#xA;    status: current (as of 2023-02) arch: Ampere code: GAxxx&#xA;    process: TSMC n7 (7nm) built: 2020-22 pcie: gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 8&#xA;    link-max: lanes: 16 bus-ID: 0b:00.0 chip-ID: 10de:2484 class-ID: 0300&#xA;  Device-2: AMD Cape Verde PRO [Radeon HD 7750/8740 / R7 250E]&#xA;    vendor: VISIONTEK driver: radeon v: kernel alternate: amdgpu arch: GCN-1&#xA;    code: Southern Islands process: TSMC 28nm built: 2011-20 pcie: gen: 3&#xA;    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 8 link-max: lanes: 16 ports: active: DP-3,DP-4&#xA;    empty: DP-1, DP-2, DP-5, DP-6 bus-ID: 0c:00.0 chip-ID: 1002:683f&#xA;    class-ID: 0300 temp: 54.0 C&#xA;  Device-3: Microdia USB 2.0 Camera type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo&#xA;    bus-ID: 9-2:3 chip-ID: 0c45:6367 class-ID: 0102 serial: <filter>&#xA;  Display: x11 server: X.Org v: 21.1.7 with: Xwayland v: 22.1.8&#xA;    compositor: kwin_x11 driver: X: loaded: modesetting,nvidia dri: radeonsi&#xA;    gpu: radeon display-ID: :0 screens: 1&#xA;  Screen-1: 0 s-res: 5760x2160 s-dpi: 80 s-size: 1829x686mm (72.01x27.01")&#xA;    s-diag: 1953mm (76.91")&#xA;  Monitor-1: DP-1 pos: 1-2 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 93&#xA;    size: 527x296mm (20.75x11.65") diag: 604mm (23.8") modes: N/A&#xA;  Monitor-2: DP-1-3 pos: 2-1 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 82&#xA;    size: 598x336mm (23.54x13.23") diag: 686mm (27.01") modes: N/A&#xA;  Monitor-3: DP-1-4 pos: 1-1 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 93&#xA;    size: 527x296mm (20.75x11.65") diag: 604mm (23.8") modes: N/A&#xA;  Monitor-4: DP-3 pos: primary,2-2 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 82&#xA;    size: 598x336mm (23.54x13.23") diag: 686mm (27.01") modes: N/A&#xA;  Monitor-5: DP-4 pos: 2-4 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 82&#xA;    size: 598x336mm (23.54x13.23") diag: 686mm (27.01") modes: N/A&#xA;  Monitor-6: HDMI-0 pos: 1-3 res: 1920x1080 dpi: 93&#xA;    size: 527x296mm (20.75x11.65") diag: 604mm (23.8") modes: N/A&#xA;  API: OpenGL v: 4.6.0 NVIDIA 525.89.02 renderer: NVIDIA GeForce RTX&#xA;    3070/PCIe/SSE2 direct-render: Yes&#xA;Audio:&#xA;  Device-1: NVIDIA GA104 High Definition Audio vendor: ASUSTeK&#xA;    driver: snd_hda_intel bus-ID: 5-1:2 v: kernel chip-ID: 30be:1019 pcie:&#xA;    class-ID: 0102 gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 8 link-max: lanes: 16&#xA;    bus-ID: 0b:00.1 chip-ID: 10de:228b class-ID: 0403&#xA;  Device-2: AMD Oland/Hainan/Cape Verde/Pitcairn HDMI Audio [Radeon HD 7000&#xA;    Series] vendor: VISIONTEK driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie: gen: 3&#xA;    speed: 8 GT/s lanes: 8 link-max: lanes: 16 bus-ID: 0c:00.1&#xA;    chip-ID: 1002:aab0 class-ID: 0403&#xA;  Device-3: AMD Starship/Matisse HD Audio vendor: ASUSTeK&#xA;    driver: snd_hda_intel v: kernel pcie: gen: 4 speed: 16 GT/s lanes: 16&#xA;    bus-ID: 0e:00.4 chip-ID: 1022:1487 class-ID: 0403&#xA;  Device-4: Schiit Audio Unison Universal Dac type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio&#xA;  Device-5: JMTek LLC. Plugable USB Audio Device type: USB&#xA;    driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid bus-ID: 5-2:3 chip-ID: 0c76:120b&#xA;    class-ID: 0300 serial: <filter>&#xA;  Device-6: ASUSTek ASUS AI Noise-Cancelling Mic Adapter type: USB&#xA;    driver: hid-generic,snd-usb-audio,usbhid bus-ID: 5-4:4 chip-ID: 0b05:194e&#xA;    class-ID: 0300 serial: <filter>&#xA;  Device-7: Microdia USB 2.0 Camera type: USB driver: snd-usb-audio,uvcvideo&#xA;    bus-ID: 9-2:3 chip-ID: 0c45:6367 class-ID: 0102 serial: <filter>&#xA;  Sound API: ALSA v: k6.1.12-1-MANJARO running: yes&#xA;  Sound Interface: sndio v: N/A running: no&#xA;  Sound Server-1: PulseAudio v: 16.1 running: no&#xA;  Sound Server-2: PipeWire v: 0.3.65 running: yes&#xA;Network:&#xA;  Device-1: Intel I211 Gigabit Network vendor: ASUSTeK driver: igb v: kernel&#xA;    pcie: gen: 1 speed: 2.5 GT/s lanes: 1 port: f000 bus-ID: 07:00.0&#xA;    chip-ID: 8086:1539 class-ID: 0200&#xA;  IF: enp7s0 state: up speed: 1000 Mbps duplex: full mac: <filter>&#xA;  IP v4: <filter> type: dynamic noprefixroute scope: global&#xA;    broadcast: <filter>&#xA;  IP v6: <filter> type: noprefixroute scope: link&#xA;  IF-ID-1: docker0 state: down mac: <filter>&#xA;  IP v4: <filter> scope: global broadcast: <filter>&#xA;  WAN IP: <filter>&#xA;Bluetooth:&#xA;  Device-1: Cambridge Silicon Radio Bluetooth Dongle (HCI mode) type: USB&#xA;    driver: btusb v: 0.8 bus-ID: 5-5.3:7 chip-ID: 0a12:0001 class-ID: e001&#xA;  Report: rfkill ID: hci0 rfk-id: 0 state: up address: see --recommends&#xA;Logical:&#xA;  Message: No logical block device data found.&#xA;  Device-1: luks-c847cf9f-c6b5-4624-a25e-4531e318851a maj-min: 254:2&#xA;    type: LUKS dm: dm-2 size: 3.64 TiB&#xA;  Components:&#xA;  p-1: sda1 maj-min: 8:1 size: 3.64 TiB&#xA;  Device-2: luks-swap maj-min: 254:1 type: LUKS dm: dm-1 size: 12 GiB&#xA;  Components:&#xA;  p-1: nvme0n1p2 maj-min: 259:2 size: 12 GiB&#xA;  Device-3: luks-disk maj-min: 254:0 type: LUKS dm: dm-0 size: 919.01 GiB&#xA;  Components:&#xA;  p-1: nvme0n1p3 maj-min: 259:3 size: 919.01 GiB&#xA;RAID:&#xA;  Message: No RAID data found.&#xA;Drives:&#xA;  Local Storage: total: 9.1 TiB used: 2.79 TiB (30.6%)&#xA;  SMART Message: Unable to run smartctl. Root privileges required.&#xA;  ID-1: /dev/nvme0n1 maj-min: 259:0 vendor: Western Digital&#xA;    model: WDS100T3X0C-00SJG0 size: 931.51 GiB block-size: physical: 512 B&#xA;    logical: 512 B speed: 31.6 Gb/s lanes: 4 type: SSD serial: <filter>&#xA;    rev: 111110WD temp: 53.9 C scheme: GPT&#xA;  ID-2: /dev/nvme1n1 maj-min: 259:4 vendor: Western Digital&#xA;    model: WDS100T2B0C-00PXH0 size: 931.51 GiB block-size: physical: 512 B&#xA;    logical: 512 B speed: 31.6 Gb/s lanes: 4 type: SSD serial: <filter>&#xA;    rev: 211070WD temp: 46.9 C scheme: GPT&#xA;  ID-3: /dev/sda maj-min: 8:0 vendor: Western Digital&#xA;    model: WD4005FZBX-00K5WB0 size: 3.64 TiB block-size: physical: 4096 B&#xA;    logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s type: HDD rpm: 7200 serial: <filter>&#xA;    rev: 1A01 scheme: GPT&#xA;  ID-4: /dev/sdb maj-min: 8:16 vendor: Western Digital&#xA;    model: WD4005FZBX-00K5WB0 size: 3.64 TiB block-size: physical: 4096 B&#xA;    logical: 512 B speed: 6.0 Gb/s type: HDD rpm: 7200 serial: <filter>&#xA;    rev: 1A01 scheme: GPT&#xA;  ID-5: /dev/sdc maj-min: 8:32 type: USB vendor: SanDisk&#xA;    model: Gaming Xbox 360 size: 7.48 GiB block-size: physical: 512 B&#xA;    logical: 512 B type: N/A serial: <filter> rev: 8.02 scheme: MBR&#xA;  SMART Message: Unknown USB bridge. 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    &#xA;

  • Top 5 Customer Segmentation Software in 2024

    12 mars 2024, par Erin

    In marketing, we all know the importance of reaching the right customer with the right message at the right time. That’s how you cut through the noise.

    For that, you need data on your customers — even though gathering the data is not enough. You can have all the data worldwide, but that raises an ethical responsibility and the need to make sense of it.

    Enter customer segmentation software — the answer to delivering personalised customer experiences at scale. 

    This article lists some of the best customer segmentation tools currently in the market. 

    We’ll also go over the benefits of using such tools and how you can choose the best one for your business.

    Let’s get started !

    What is customer segmentation software ?

    Customer segmentation software is a tool that helps businesses analyse customer data and group them based on common characteristics like age, income, and buying habits.

    The main goal of customer segmentation is to gain deeper insights into customer behaviours and preferences. This helps create targeted marketing and product strategies that fit each group and makes it easier to predict how customers will behave in the future.

    Different customer groups

    Benefits of a customer segmentation software

    Understanding your customers is the cornerstone of effective marketing, and customer segmentation software plays a pivotal role in this endeavour. 

    You can deliver more targeted and relevant marketing campaigns by dividing your audience into distinct groups based on shared characteristics. 

    Specifically, here are the main benefits of using customer segmentation tools :

    • Understand your audience better : The software helps businesses group customers with common traits to better understand their preferences and behaviour.
    • Make data-driven decisions : Base your business and marketing decisions on data analytics.
    • Aid product development : Insights from segmentation analytics can guide the creation of products that meet specific customer group needs.
    • Allocate your resources efficiently : Focusing on the customer segments that generate the most revenue leads to more effective and strategic use of your marketing resources.

    Best customer segmentation software in 2024 

    In this section, we go over the top customer segmentation tools in 2024. 

    We’ll look at these tools’ key features and pros and cons.

    1. Matomo

    Matomo dashboard

    Matomo is a comprehensive web analytics tool that merges traditional web analytics, such as tracking pageviews and visitor bounce rates, with more advanced web analytics features for tracking user behaviour. 

    With robust segmentation features, users can filter website traffic based on criteria such as location and device type, enabling them to analyse specific visitor groups and their behaviour. Users can create custom segments to analyse specific groups of visitors and their behaviour.

    Presenting as the ethical alternative to Google Analytics, Matomo emphasises transparency, 100% accurate data, and compliance with privacy laws.

    Key features

    • Heatmaps and Session Recordings : Matomo provides tools that allow businesses to understand website user interactions visually. This insight is crucial for optimising user experience and increasing conversions.
    • Form Analytics : This feature in Matomo tracks how users interact with website forms, helping businesses understand user behaviour in detail and improve form design and functionality.
    • User Flow Analysis : The tool tracks the journey of a website’s visitors, highlighting the paths taken and where users drop off. This is key for optimising website structure for better user experience and more conversions.
    • A/B Testing : Businesses can use Matomo to test different versions of web pages, determining which is more effective in driving conversions.
    • Conversion Funnels : This feature allows businesses to visualise and optimise the steps customers take toward conversion, identifying areas for improvement.

    Pros 

    • Affordability : With plans starting at $19 per month, Matomo is a cost-effective solution for CRO.
    • Free support : Matomo provides free email support to all Matomo Cloud users.
    • Open-source benefits : Being open-source, Matomo offers enhanced security, privacy, customisation options, and a supportive community.
    • Hosting options : Matomo is available either as a self-hosted solution or cloud-hosted.

    Cons

    • Cost for advanced features : Access to advanced features may incur additional costs for Matomo On-Premise users, although the On-Premise solution itself is free.
    • Technical knowledge required : The self-hosted version of Matomo requires technical knowledge for effective management.

    Try Matomo for Free

    Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

    No credit card required

    2. Google Analytics 

    GA dashboard

    Google Analytics 4 (GA4) comprehensively understands website and app performance. It focuses on event-based data collection, allowing businesses to understand user interactions across platforms. 

    Similarly to Matomo, GA4 provides features that allow businesses to segment their audience based on various criteria such as demographics, behaviours, events, and more.

    Key features

    • Event-based tracking : GA4’s shift to an event-based model allows for a flexible and predictive analysis of user behaviour. This includes a detailed view of user interactions on websites and apps.
    • Machine Learning and Smarter Insights : GA4 uses machine learning to automatically detect trends, estimate purchase probabilities and provide marketing insights.
    • Google Ads integration : The integration with Google Ads in GA4 enables tracking customer interactions from first ad engagement, providing a holistic view of the customer experience across various platforms.
    • Customer-centric measurements : GA4 collects data as events, covering a wide range of user interactions and offering a comprehensive view of customer behaviour.
    • Pathing reports : GA4 introduces new pathing reports, allowing detailed user flow analysis through websites and apps.
    • Audiences and filters : GA4 allows the creation of audiences based on specific criteria and the application of filters to segment and refine data analysis.

    Pros 

    • Integration with various platforms, including Google Ads, enhances cross-platform user journey analysis.
    • GA4 has a clean reporting interface, making it easier for marketers to identify key trends and data irregularities.
    • Google Analytics has an active community with an abundance of educational resources available for users.

    Cons

    • Complexity for beginners : The wide range of features and new event-based model might overwhelm users new to analytics tools.
    • Dependence on machine learning : Reliance on machine learning for insights and predictions may require trust in the tool’s data processing and large volumes of traffic for accuracy.
    • Transition from UA to GA4 : Users familiar with Universal Analytics (UA) might find the transition to GA4 challenging due to differences in features and data models.

    3. HubSpot

    Hubspot dashboard

    HubSpot is a marketing and sales software that helps businesses attract visitors and turn them into paying customers. 

    It supports various business processes, from social media posts to email marketing, sales, and customer service. HubSpot organises and tracks user interactions across different channels, providing a unified and efficient approach to customer relationship management (CRM) and customer segmentation.

    Businesses can leverage HubSpot’s customer segmentation through lists, workflows, and smart content.

    Key features

    • Integration capabilities : HubSpot offers over 1,000 integrations in its ecosystem, ensuring seamless connectivity across various marketing, sales, and service tools, which helps maintain data consistency and reduces manual efforts.
    • Segmentation and personalisation : HubSpot allows businesses to deliver personalised content and interactions based on customer behaviour and preferences, using its robust CRM features and advanced automation capabilities.

    Pros 

    • Comprehensive support : HubSpot offers a range of support options, including a knowledge base, real-time chat, and more.
    • User-friendly interface : The platform is designed for ease of use, ensuring a smooth experience even for less tech-savvy users.
    • Personalisation capabilities : HubSpot provides personalised marketing, sales and service experiences, leveraging customer data effectively.

    Cons

    • High price point : HubSpot can be expensive, especially as you scale up and require more advanced features.
    • Steep learning curve : For businesses new to such comprehensive platforms, there might be an initial learning curve to utilise its features effectively.

    4. Klaviyo

    Klaviyo dashboard

    Klaviyo is a marketing automation software primarily focused on email and SMS messaging for e-commerce businesses. It’s designed to personalise and optimise customer communication. 

    Klaviyo integrates with e-commerce platforms like Shopify, making it a go-to solution for online stores. Its strength lies in its ability to use customer data to deliver targeted and effective marketing campaigns.

    Key features

    • Email marketing automation : Klaviyo allows users to send automated and personalised emails based on customer behaviour and preferences. This feature is crucial for e-commerce businesses in nurturing leads and maintaining customer engagement.
    • SMS marketing : It includes SMS messaging capabilities, enabling businesses to engage customers directly through text messages.
    • Segmentation and personalisation : Klaviyo offers advanced segmentation tools that enable businesses to categorise customers based on their behaviour, preferences and purchase history, facilitating highly targeted marketing efforts.
    • Integration with e-commerce platforms : Klaviyo integrates with popular e-commerce platforms like Shopify, Magento, and WooCommerce, allowing easy data synchronisation and campaign management.

    Pros 

    • Enhanced e-commerce integration : Klaviyo’s deep integration with e-commerce platforms greatly benefits online retailers regarding ease of use and campaign effectiveness.
    • Advanced segmentation and personalisation : The platform’s strong segmentation capabilities enable businesses to tailor their marketing messages more effectively.
    • Robust automation features : Klaviyo’s automation tools are powerful and user-friendly, saving time and improving marketing efficiency.

    Cons

    • Cost : Klaviyo can be more expensive than other options in this list, particularly as you scale up and add more contacts.
    • Complexity for beginners : The platform’s wide range of features and advanced capabilities might overwhelm beginners or small businesses with simpler needs.

    5. UserGuiding

    UserGuiding dashboard

    UserGuiding is a no-code product adoption tool that lets businesses create in-app user walkthroughs, guides, and checklists to onboard, engage, and retain users.

    UserGuiding facilitates customer segmentation by enabling businesses to create segmented onboarding flows, analyse behavioural insights, deliver personalised guidance, and collect feedback tailored to different user segments.

    Key features

    • In-app walkthroughs, guides and checklists : UserGuiding has multiple features that can promote product adoption early in the user journey.
    • In-app messaging : UserGuiding offers in-app messaging to help users learn more about the product and various ways to get value.
    • User feedback : UserGuiding allows businesses to gather qualitative feedback to streamline the adoption journey for users.

    Pros 

    • User-friendly interface
    • Customisable onboarding checklists
    • Retention analytics

    Cons

    • Need for technical expertise to maximise all features
    • Limited customisation options for less tech-savvy users

    What to look for in a customer segmentation software 

    When choosing a customer segmentation software, choosing the right one for your specific business needs is important. 

    Here are a few factors to consider when choosing your customer segmentation tool :

    1. Ease of use : Select a tool with an intuitive interface that simplifies navigation. This enhances the user experience, making complex tasks more manageable. Additionally, responsive customer support is crucial. It ensures that issues are promptly resolved, contributing to a smoother operation.
    2. Scalability and flexibility : Your chosen tool should adjust to your needs. A flexible tool like Matomo can adjust to your growing requirements, offering capabilities that evolve as your business expands.
    3. Integration capabilities : The software should seamlessly integrate with your existing systems, such as CRM, marketing, and automation platforms. 
    4. Advanced analytics and reporting : Assess the software’s capability to analyse and interpret complex data sets, without relying on machine learning to fill data gaps. A robust tool should provide accurate insights and detailed reports, enabling you to make informed decisions based on real data.
    5. Privacy and security considerations : Data security is paramount in today’s digital landscape. Look for features like data encryption, security storage, and adherence to privacy standards like GDPR and CCPA compliance
    6. Reviews and recommendations : Before making a decision, consider the reputation of the software providers. Look for reviews and recommendations from other users, especially those in similar industries. This can provide real-world insights into the software’s performance and reliability.
    List of factors to consider in a customer segmentation tool

    Leverage Matomo’s segmentation capabilities to deliver personalised experiences

    Segmentation is the best place to start if you want to deliver personalised customer experiences. There are several customer segmentation software in the market. But they’re not all the same.

    In this article, we reviewed the top segmentation tools — based on factors like their user base, features, and ethical data privacy considerations.

    Ideally, you want a tool to support your evolving business and segmentation needs. Not to mention one that cares about your customers’ privacy and ensures you stay compliant. 

    Enter Matomo at the top of the list. You can leverage Matomo’s accurate insights and comprehensive segmentation capabilities without compromising on privacy. Try it free for 21-days. No credit card required.