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• Having problem in video stegano, the hiden message always lost

  5 avril 2022, par user7025125

  friend, i am currently looking for a way to video stegano. I successfully in splitting frames from video file and hide messages inside them. But when i combine these frames into video and trying to extract info from the hiden video, i always failed. I guess here is problem with video compression.

  


  Here is my code.

  


  from stegano import lsb
from os.path import isfile, join

import time  # install time ,opencv,numpy modules
import cv2
import numpy as np
import math
import os
import shutil
from moviepy.editor import *
from subprocess import call, STDOUT


def split_string(s_str, count=10):
    per_c = math.ceil(len(s_str)/count)
    c_cout = 0
    out_str = ''
    split_list = []
    for s in s_str:
        out_str += s
        c_cout += 1
        if c_cout == per_c:
            split_list.append(out_str)
            out_str = ''
            c_cout = 0
    if c_cout != 0:
        split_list.append(out_str)
    return split_list


def frame_extraction(video):
    if not os.path.exists("./tmp"):
        os.makedirs("tmp")    
    temp_folder = "./tmp"
    print("[INFO] tmp directory is created")

    vidcap = cv2.VideoCapture(video)
    count = 0

    while True:
        success, image = vidcap.read()
        if not success:
            break
        cv2.imwrite(os.path.join(temp_folder, "{:d}.png".format(count)), image)
        count += 1
        print("[INFO] frame {} is extracted".format(count))


def encode_string(input_string, root="./tmp/"):
    split_string_list = split_string(input_string)
    for i in range(0, len(split_string_list)):
        f_name = "{}{}.png".format(root, i)
        secret_enc = lsb.hide(f_name, split_string_list[i])
        secret_enc.save(f_name)
        print("[INFO] frame {} holds {}".format(f_name, lsb.reveal(f_name)))


def decode_string(video):
    frame_extraction(video)
    secret = []
    root = "./tmp/"
    for i in range(len(os.listdir(root))):
        f_name = "{}{}.png".format(root, i)
        print("[INFO] frame {} is decoding".format(f_name))
        secret_dec = lsb.reveal(f_name)
        if secret_dec == None:
            break
        secret.append(secret_dec)
    print("[INFO] secret is {}".format("".join(secret)))
    print(''.join([i for i in secret]))
    # clean_tmp()


def clean_tmp(path="./tmp"):
    if os.path.exists(path):
        shutil.rmtree(path)
        print("[INFO] tmp files are cleaned up")


def main():
    input_string = input("Enter the input string: ")
    f_name = input("enter the name of video: ")

    # 从源文件分离出帧
    frame_extraction(f_name)
    
    # 分离文件路径和扩展名
    file_path, file_extraction = os.path.splitext(f_name)
    
    # 创建输出音频文件
    audio_path = file_path + "_temp.mp3"
    video = VideoFileClip(f_name)
    video.audio.write_audiofile(audio_path)

    # 加密字符
    encode_string(input_string)

    # 从tmp文件夹的图片创建没有声音的视频
    fps=30
    img_root = r"./tmp/"
    # fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'mp4v')
    fourcc = cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'XVID')
    video_file_path = file_path + "_temp.avi"
    # 获取tmp文件夹第一张视频的尺寸
    img = cv2.imread(img_root + "0.png")
    height, width, layers = img.shape
    size=(width,height)
    videoWriter = cv2.VideoWriter(video_file_path,fourcc=fourcc,fps=fps,frameSize=size)
    for i in range(len(os.listdir(img_root))):
        frame = cv2.imread(img_root+str(i)+'.png')
        videoWriter.write(frame)
    videoWriter.release()

    # 合并视频和音频     audio_path   video_file_path
    video = VideoFileClip(video_file_path)
    audio_clip = AudioFileClip(audio_path)
    video = video.set_audio(audio_clip)
    video.write_videofile(file_path + "_hide.avi")
    clean_tmp()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    while True:
        print("1.Hide a message in video 2.Reveal the secret from video")
        print("any other value to exit")
        choice = input()
        if choice == '1':
            main()
        elif choice == '2':
            decode_string(input("enter the name of video with extension: "))
        else:
            break



  


  I have tried mp4, avi, wov format. But none of them worked.

  


  IF YOU HAVE ANY IDEA OR SUGGESTION GIVEN TO ME, I WOULD BE VERY GRATEFUL

  


• FFMPEG frames lost

  4 juin 2018, par ST94

  I use ffmpeg to stream video from the source to destination. The workflow is as follows,
  At the source using ffmpeg, I stream live feed from a webcam using tcp and also save a copy of the live video as mp4 file locally and the command I use is

  $ ffmpeg -hide_banner -f v4l2 -i /dev/video0 -filter:v "fps=30" -c:v libx264 -f mpegts tcp://hostname:port -c:v libx264 /path/to/.mp4file
  
  
  
  `Input #0, video4linux2,v4l2, from '/dev/video0':
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 272402.639303, bitrate: 147456 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (YUY2 / 0x32595559), yuyv422, 640x480, 147456 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1000k tbn, 1000k tbc
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (rawvideo (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #1:0 (rawvideo (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
  
  No pixel format specified, yuv422p for H.264 encoding chosen.
  
  Use -pix_fmt yuv420p for compatibility with outdated media players.
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 AVX2 LZCNT BMI2
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] profile High 4:2:2, level 3.0, 4:2:2 8-bit
  
  Output #0, mpegts, to 'tcp://172.16.0.169:50000':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.71.100
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264), yuv422p, 640x480, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 90k tbn, 30 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc57.89.100 libx264
  
      Side data:
  
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
  
  No pixel format specified, yuv422p for H.264 encoding chosen.
  
  Use -pix_fmt yuv420p for compatibility with outdated media players.
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 AVX2 LZCNT BMI2
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] profile High 4:2:2, level 3.0, 4:2:2 8-bit
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] 264 - core 148 r2795 aaa9aa8 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
  
  Output #1, mp4, to '/path/to/tcp.mp4':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.71.100
  
      Stream #1:0: Video: h264 (libx264) ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv422p, 640x480, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc57.89.100 libx264
  
      Side data:
  
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
  
  [sana@localhost ~]$ frame=  978 fps= 30 q=-1.0 Lq=-1.0 size=    5062kB time=00:00:32.53 bitrate=1274.6kbits/s dup=514 drop=0 speed=0.991x    
  
  video:9174kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] frame I:463   Avg QP:19.03  size:  9994
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] frame P:476   Avg QP:22.85  size:   137
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] frame B:39    Avg QP:23.33  size:    19
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] consecutive B-frames: 94.7%  0.0%  0.0%  5.3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] mb I  I16..4: 60.4% 39.0%  0.5%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] mb P  I16..4:  0.2%  0.0%  0.0%  P16..4:  4.2%  0.3%  0.5%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:94.8%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] mb B  I16..4:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  B16..8:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  direct: 0.0%  skip:100.0%  L0:15.4% L1:84.6% BI: 0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] 8x8 transform intra:38.9% inter:100.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 34.9% 97.2% 83.8% inter: 0.0% 1.5% 0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] i16 v,h,dc,p:  0% 31%  0% 69%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu:  3% 50% 16%  4%  2%  1%  6%  1% 17%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 10% 52% 14%  4%  7%  3%  5%  1%  3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] i8c dc,h,v,p: 55% 12% 25%  8%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.2% UV:0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] ref P L0: 96.7%  0.5%  2.7%  0.1%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ec9560] kb/s:1151.61
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] frame I:463   Avg QP:19.02  size: 10007
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] frame P:477   Avg QP:22.84  size:   140
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] frame B:39    Avg QP:23.33  size:    19
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] consecutive B-frames: 94.7%  0.0%  0.0%  5.3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] mb I  I16..4: 60.4% 39.0%  0.5%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] mb P  I16..4:  0.3%  0.0%  0.0%  P16..4:  4.2%  0.3%  0.5%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:94.8%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] mb B  I16..4:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  B16..8:  0.0%  0.0%  0.0%  direct: 0.0%  skip:100.0%  L0:15.4% L1:84.6% BI: 0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] 8x8 transform intra:38.9% inter:100.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 35.0% 97.2% 84.0% inter: 0.0% 1.6% 0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] i16 v,h,dc,p:  0% 31%  0% 69%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu:  3% 50% 16%  4%  2%  1%  6%  1% 17%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 10% 52% 14%  4%  7%  3%  5%  1%  3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 55% 12% 25%  8%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.2% UV:0.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] ref P L0: 96.8%  0.5%  2.7%  0.1%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55e421ed5ea0] kb/s:1152.39`

  At the receiver, I take the tcp url as the input and output it to an mp4 file.

  $ffmpeg -hide_banner -i tcp://hostname:port?listen out.mp4 /path/to/.mp4

  The output is

  `Input #0, mpegts, from 'tcp://172.16.0.169:50000?listen':
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 1.466667, bitrate: N/A
  
    Program 1 
  
      Metadata:
  
        service_name    : Service01
  
        service_provider: FFmpeg
  
      Stream #0:0[0x100]: Video: h264 (High 4:2:2) ([27][0][0][0] / 0x001B), yuv422p(progressive), 640x480, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 90k tbn, 60 tbc
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
  
  No pixel format specified, yuv422p for H.264 encoding chosen.
  
  Use -pix_fmt yuv420p for compatibility with outdated media players.
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 AVX2 LZCNT BMI2
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] profile High 4:2:2, level 3.0, 4:2:2 8-bit
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] 264 - core 148 r2795 aaa9aa8 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
  
  Output #0, mp4, to '/home/sana/Desktop/receiver_new_mp4/tcp2.mp4':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf57.71.100
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv422p, 640x480, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc57.89.100 libx264
  
      Side data:
  
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
  
  frame=  160 fps=0.0 q=26.0 size=     158kB time=00:00:03.36 bitrate= 384.5kbits/frame=  175 fps=168 q=26.0 size=     200kB time=00:00:03.86 bitrate= 424.8kbits/frame=  190 fps=119 q=26.0 size=     242kB time=00:00:04.36 bitrate= 453.3kbits/frame=  206 fps= 97 q=29.0 size=     292kB time=00:00:04.90 bitrate= 487.8kbits/frame=  222 fps= 84 q=29.0 size=     336kB time=00:00:05.43 bitrate= 506.5kbits/frame=  238 fps= 75 q=29.0 size=     378kB time=00:00:05.96 bitrate= 519.2kbits/frame=  254 fps= 68 q=29.0 size=     422kB time=00:00:06.50 bitrate= 531.6kbits/frame=  270 fps= 64 q=26.0 size=     457kB time=00:00:07.03 bitrate= 532.0kbits/frame=  286 fps= 60 q=29.0 size=     511kB time=00:00:07.56 bitrate= 552.8kbits/frame=  302 fps= 57 q=26.0 size=     562kB time=00:00:08.10 bitrate= 568.3kbits/frame=  318 fps= 54 q=26.0 size=     609kB time=00:00:08.63 bitrate= 577.9kbits/frame=  334 fps= 52 q=26.0 size=     674kB time=00:00:09.16 bitrate= 602.7kbits/frame=  350 fps= 51 q=29.0 size=     719kB time=00:00:09.70 bitrate= 606.8kbits/frame=  366 fps= 49 q=26.0 size=     770kB time=00:00:10.23 bitrate= 616.1kbits/frame=  382 fps= 48 q=29.0 size=     828kB time=00:00:10.76 bitrate= 630.3kbits/frame=  398 fps= 47 q=26.0 size=     872kB time=00:00:11.30 bitrate= 632.0kbits/frame=  414 fps= 46 q=26.0 size=     933kB time=00:00:11.83 bitrate= 645.9kbits/frame=  430 fps= 45 q=29.0 size=     987kB time=00:00:12.36 bitrate= 653.9kbits/frame=  446 fps= 44 q=26.0 size=    1033kB time=00:00:12.90 bitrate= 656.2kbits/frame=  462 fps= 43 q=29.0 size=    1098kB time=00:00:13.43 bitrate= 669.7kbits/frame=  478 fps= 43 q=29.0 size=    1132kB time=00:00:13.96 bitrate= 664.2kbits/frame=  548 fps= 47 q=-1.0 Lsize=    1536kB time=00:00:18.16 bitrate= 692.8kbits/s speed=1.56x    
  
  video:1531kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.377405%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] frame I:115   Avg QP:18.12  size:  8204
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] frame P:203   Avg QP:21.62  size:  1893
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] frame B:230   Avg QP:21.99  size:  1039
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] consecutive B-frames: 41.1%  6.6%  7.1% 45.3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] mb I  I16..4: 67.6% 32.3%  0.1%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] mb P  I16..4: 15.3%  3.1%  0.0%  P16..4: 28.6%  2.8%  2.0%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:48.3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] mb B  I16..4:  0.8%  0.3%  0.0%  B16..8: 26.2%  0.4%  0.0%  direct:13.5%  skip:58.7%  L0:65.0% L1:34.5% BI: 0.5%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] 8x8 transform intra:28.4% inter:100.0%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 15.0% 89.4% 53.1% inter: 2.6% 28.7% 0.2%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] i16 v,h,dc,p:  2% 49%  1% 47%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu:  6% 57% 19%  2%  1%  1%  4%  1%  9%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 16% 59% 18%  1%  2%  1%  2%  0%  1%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 52% 17% 27%  4%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] Weighted P-Frames: Y:17.7% UV:6.9%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] ref P L0: 68.7%  0.7% 18.3% 10.6%  1.7%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] ref B L0: 86.1% 10.6%  3.3%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] ref B L1: 96.6%  3.4%
  
  [libx264 @ 0x55c1d6bff0a0] kb/s:686.10`

  From the ffmpeg processes running on both ends, if you notice the number of B frames at the receiver is more than the B frames at the sender. In other cases that I tried, the number of I as well as P frames are higher at the receiver than that at the sender.
  Can anyone please tell me why is it so ? I am not able to figure out why.

• Pass double pointer parameter through P/Invoke when it is NULL

  1er août 2015, par BartMao

  I try to call FFMPEG method via P/Invoke

   int avformat_find_stream_info(AVFormatContext *ic, AVDictionary **options);

  So my P/Invoke method defined like this :

  [DllImport("avformat-55", EntryPoint = "avformat_find_stream_info", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
  
      public extern static int AVFormatFindStreamInfo(IntPtr ic, ref IntPtr options);

  and I need pass an IntPtr.Zero for the options, so I call this way :

  var p = IntPtr.Zero;
  
  rst = AVFormatFindStreamInfo(context, ref p);

  and an AccessViolation exception throws.

  But when I remove the ref from the signature, and directly pass an IntPtr.Zero to it, it actually works.
  I think the signature with ref keyword is the right way, but I don’t know why the exception throws.