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• I have an MJPEG file decoded with the Intel® IPP JPEG encoder [8.1.42291], how can I convert it to MP4 using ffmpeg ? [closed]

  8 mars 2024, par Renan Aragão

  When trying to convert the MJPEG file with ffmpeg, it gives the following error : Output file #0 does not contain any stream.

  


  This is the complete output :

  


  .\ffmpeg.exe -init_hw_device qsv=intel,child_device=1 -filter_hw_device intel -i .\19a57e41-244c-45a4-af41-5069dd3cbe4a.tmp -an -vf "format=nv12,hwupload=extra_hw_frames=20" -c:v h264_qsv record.mp4 -y -loglevel verbose
ffmpeg version n5.0.1-5-g240d82f26e-20220613 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 11.2.0 (crosstool-NG 1.24.0.533_681aaef)
  configuration: --prefix=/ffbuild/prefix --pkg-config-flags=--static --pkg-config=pkg-config --cross-prefix=x86_64-w64-mingw32- --arch=x86_64 --target-os=mingw32 --enable-version3 --disable-debug --disable-w32threads --enable-pthreads --enable-iconv --enable-libxml2 --enable-zlib --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-gmp --enable-lzma --enable-fontconfig --enable-libvorbis --enable-opencl --disable-libpulse --enable-libvmaf --disable-libxcb --disable-xlib --enable-amf --enable-libaom --enable-libaribb24 --disable-avisynth --enable-libdav1d --disable-libdavs2 --disable-libfdk-aac --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuda-llvm --disable-frei0r --enable-libgme --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librist --enable-libtheora --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-lv2 --enable-libmfx --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenh264 --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-librav1e --disable-librubberband --enable-schannel --enable-sdl2 --enable-libsoxr --enable-libsrt --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtwolame --enable-libuavs3d --disable-libdrm --disable-vaapi --disable-libvidstab --enable-vulkan --enable-libshaderc --enable-libplacebo --disable-libx264 --disable-libx265 --disable-libxavs2 --disable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzvbi --extra-cflags=-DLIBTWOLAME_STATIC --extra-cxxflags= --extra-ldflags=-pthread --extra-ldexeflags= --extra-libs=-lgomp --extra-version=20220613
  libavutil      57. 17.100 / 57. 17.100
  libavcodec     59. 18.100 / 59. 18.100
  libavformat    59. 16.100 / 59. 16.100
  libavdevice    59.  4.100 / 59.  4.100
  libavfilter     8. 24.100 /  8. 24.100
  libswscale      6.  4.100 /  6.  4.100
  libswresample   4.  3.100 /  4.  3.100
WARNING: defaulting child_device_type to AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_DXVA2 for compatibility with old commandlines. This behaviour will be removed in the future. Please explicitly set device type via "-init_hw_device" option.
[AVHWDeviceContext @ 000001953dac2f40] Using D3D9Ex device.
[AVHWDeviceContext @ 000001953dac2a80] Initialize MFX session: API version is 1.35, implementation version is 1.35
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '.\19a57e41-244c-45a4-af41-5069dd3cbe4a.tmp':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : mp42
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: mp42isom
    creation_time   : 2024-03-06T13:32:38.000000Z
  Duration: 00:00:00.00, bitrate: N/A
Output #0, mp4, to 'record.mp4':
Output file #0 does not contain any stream


  


  I try using ipp in python and dotnet, but idon't found sample code. I need convert MJPEG Intel IPP to mp4.

  


• Increased File Size When Converting MP4 to WebM using FFmpeg

  23 décembre 2024, par kimgijeong

  I am using FFmpeg to convert MP4 to WebM with the following command :

  


  ffmpeg -y -hide_banner -nostats \
-f mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 -i "http://127.0.0.1:80/lotteon-low-bitrate.mp4" \
-threads auto -f webm -acodec libopus -b:a 96.059k -vcodec libsvtav1 -preset 11 -pix_fmt yuv420p \
-vf "scale='min(-1, iw)':'min(-1,ih)':force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,crop=trunc(iw/2)*2:trunc(ih/2)*2" \
"/usr/local/m2/m2temp/xcdrtmp/2052_1.webm"


  


  However, the output webm file size is larger than the source MP4 file. For example :

  


  


  • Source MP4 : 4.6 MB (bit rate : 994,053 bps)

    


  


  • Output WebM : 16 MB (bit rate : 3,902,037 bps)

    


  


  


  I know SVT-AV1 encoder defaults to CRF mode. Due to not specifying the bitrate explicitly, the SVT-AV1 encoder automatically sets the bit_rate. It appears that the encoder is setting it to a much higher value (3,323,104 bps), causing the increase in file size compared to the source MP4 (994,053 bps). Here are the methods i tried to reduce the WebM file size compared to the source MP4 :

  


  

  1. -b:v 994k

  


  


  I tried to match the target bitrate with the source MP4's bitrate to reduce the output size, but encountered the following error :

  


  Svt[error]: Instance 1: Force key frames is not supported for VBR mode Last message r
epeated 2 times [libsvtav1 @ 0x239dd100] Error setting encoder parameters: bad parameter (0x80001005)


  


  Looking at the official documentation, this mode change (from CRF to VBR when setting a target bitrate) appears to be expected behavior. However, the error is puzzling since I haven't set any force keyframe parameters in the FFmpeg command.

  


  

  2. svtav1-params "mbr=994k"

  


  


  The second method i tried was using the svtav1-params "mbr=994k" option to set the maxrate while maintaining CRF mode This method showed some improvement, but the output file size was still larger than the source MP4.

  


  

  • Output WebM : 5MB (bit rate : 1,209,877 bps)

  


  


  The more critical reason why we can't adopt the second method (using svtav1-params "mbr=994k") is that even for the same MP4 source file, the output file size varies slightly with each encoding.

  


  

  3. -b:v 994k -svtav1-params “rc=2:pred-struct=1”(CBR, low delay)

  


  


  The final method I tried was setting the target bitrate while using CBR (Constant Bit Rate) and low-delay mode The default value for pred-structure is 2(random access), but I had to use low-delay mode due to the following error :

  


  Svt[error]: CBR Rate control is currently not supported for SVT_AV1_PRED_RANDOM_ACCESS, use VBR mode


  


  This way was the only approach among those i tried that successfully reduced the output size.

  


  

  • Output WebM : 4.3MB (bit rate : 1,032,373 bps)

  


  


  In summary, I have three questions about this MP4 to WebM conversion issue :

  


  


  1. When setting the target bitrate with -b:v 994k, the switch to VBR mode is expected behavior. However, why does the force keyframe error occur when we haven't explicitly set any force keyframe parameters ?

     


  


  2. Why does the output WebM file size fluctuate when setting maxrate either through -maxrate or svtav1-params "mbr=994k", even when using the same MP4 source file ?

     


  


  3. Besides using -b:v 994k -svtav1-params "rc=2:pred-struct=1" (CBR with low delay), are there any other methods that can guarantee a WebM output size smaller than the source MP4 when converting from MP4 to WebM ?

     


  


  


  I am using a recent version of the SVT-AV1 codec :

  


  Svt[info]: SVT [version]:       SVT-AV1 Encoder Lib 58146ca
Svt[info]: SVT [build]  :       GCC 11.5.0 20240719 (Red Hat 11.5.0-2)   64 bit
Svt[info]: LIB Build date: Oct 28 2024 07:40:59
ffmpeg video svt-av1


  


• B2B Customer Journey Map : A Quickfire Guide for Growth

  20 mai 2024, par Erin

  What is a company’s biggest asset ?

  Its product ? Its employees ? Its unique selling proposition ?

  More and more people are recognising it’s something else entirely : your customers.

  Without your customers, your business can’t exist.

  Nearly 77% of B2B buyers found the buying process too complicated.

  With more competition than ever, it’s crucial you provide the best possible experience for them.

  That’s where your customer journey comes in.

  If you’re in the B2B space, you need to know how to map out the journey.

  By building a B2B customer journey map, you’ll be able to analyse the weak spots in the customer journey so you can improve the experience (and generate more revenue).

  In this article, we break down the B2B customer journey stages, how to build a customer journey map and how Matomo can help you track your customer journey automatically.

  What is a B2B customer journey ?

  Every customer goes through a specific path within your business.

  At some point in time, they found out about you and eventually bought your products.

  

  A B2B customer journey is the collection of touchpoints your customer has with your business from start to finish.

  From discovery to purchase (and more), your customers go through a specific set of touches you can track. By analysing this journey, you can get a snapshot of your user experience.

  One way to track the customer journey is with a B2B customer journey map.

  It helps you to quickly see the different steps your customers take in their path with your business.

  With it, you can quickly identify weak spots and successes to improve the customer journey.

  5 stages of the B2B customer journey

  Every one of your customers is unique. Their specific needs and their journey.

  It’s all different.

  But, there are crucial steps they take through their journey as your customer.

  It’s the same path your entire customer base takes.

  Here are the five stages of the B2B customer journey (and why you should track them) :

  

  1. Awareness

  Awareness is the first stage that every B2B buyer goes through when they start their journey in B2B companies as a customer.

  At this stage, your target buyer understands they have a problem they need solving. They’re out, actively trying to solve this problem. 

  This is where you can stand out from the competition and give them a good first impression.

  Some helpful content you could create to do this is :

  • Blog posts
  • Social media posts
  • Ebooks
  • Whitepapers

  2. Consideration

  Next up, your buyer persona has an awareness of your company. But, now they’ve started narrowing down their options for potential businesses they’re interested in.

  They’ve selected yours as a potential business to hand their hard-earned cash over to, but they’re still making up their mind.

  At this point, you need to do what you can to clear up any objections and doubts in their mind and make them trust you.

  Some helpful content you could create here include :

  • Product demos by your sales team
  • Webinars
  • Case studies

  3. Conversion

  Next up, your target buyer has compared all their options and decided on you as the chosen product/company.

  This is where the purchase decision is made — when the B2B buyer actually signs or clicks “buy.”

  Here, you’ll want to provide more :

  • Case studies
  • Live demos
  • Customer service
  • Customer reviews/testimonials

  4. Loyalty

  Your B2B buyer is now a customer. But, not all customers return. The majority will slip away after the first purchase. If you want them to return, you need to fuel the relationship and nurture them even more.

  You’ll want to shift your efforts to nurturing the relationship with a post-purchase strategy where you build on that trust, seek customer feedback to prove high customer satisfaction and reward their loyalty.

  Some content you may want to create here includes :

  • Thank you emails
  • Follow-up emails
  • Follow-up calls
  • Product how-tos
  • Reward program
  • Surveys

  5. Advocacy

  The final stage of the B2B customer journey map is advocacy.

  This is the stage beyond loyalty where your customers aren’t just coming back for more ; they’re actively telling others about you.

  This is the cream of the crop when it comes to the B2B buyer stages, and it happens when you exceed customer expectations repeatedly.

  Your goal should be to eventually get all of your customers to this stage. Because then, they’re doing free marketing for you.

  This is only possible when a customer receives enough positive B2B customer experiences with your company where the value they’ve received far exceeds what they perceived they have given.

  Here are a few pieces of content you can create to fuel advocacy :

  • Surveys
  • Testimonial requests
  • Referral program

  Difference between B2C and B2B customer journeys

  Every person on earth who buys something enters the customer journey.

  But, not all customer journeys are created equal.

  This is especially true when you compare the B2C and B2B customer journeys.

  While there are similarities, the business-to-consumer (B2C) journey has clear differences compared to the business-to-business (B2B) journey.

  

  The most obvious difference between the two journeys is that B2B customer journeys are far more complex. 

  Not only are these two companies selling to different audiences, but they also have to deploy a completely different set of strategies to lead their customers down the path as far as they can go.

  While the journey structures are similar (from awareness to advocacy), there are differing motivating behaviours.

  Here’s a table showing the difference between B2C and B2B in the customer journey :

  Different Factors	B2B	B2C
  Target audience	Smaller, industry more important	Larger, general consumer
  Buyer	Multiple decision-makers	One decision-maker
  Buying decision	Based on needs of the organisation with multiple stakeholders	Based on an individual’s pain points
  Buying process	Multiple steps	Single step
  Customer retention	Organisational needs and ROI-based	Individual emotional factors
  Repeat sales driver	Deep relationship	Repetition, attention-based

  Step-by-step guide to building a B2B customer journey map

  Now that you’ve got a basic understanding of the typical B2B customer journey, it’s time to build out your map so you can create a visual representation of the journey.

  

  Here are six steps you need to take to craft an effective B2B customer journey map in your business :

  1. Identify your target audience (and different segments)

  The first step in customer journey mapping is to look at your target audience.

  You need to understand who they are and what different segments make up your audience.

  You need to look at the different roles each person plays within the journey.

  Unlike B2C, you’re not usually dealing with a single person. You likely have a few decision-makers you need to interact with to close a deal.

  The average B2B deal involves 6 to 10 people.

  Analyse the different roles and responsibilities of your audience.

  Figure out what requirements they need to onboard you. Understand each person’s level of influence in the buying decision.

  2. Determine your customers’ goals

  Now that you have a clear understanding of each person involved in the buying process, it’s time to analyse their unique needs and goals.

  Unlike B2C, which will include a single person with a single set of needs and goals, you have to look at several people through the decision-making process.

  What is every decision-maker’s goal ?

  An entry-level admin will have much different goals than a CEO.

  Understand each of their needs as it will be key to selling them and taking you to the next person in the chain of command.

  3. Lean on data and analytics

  Now it’s time to analyse your data.

  You don’t want to guess what will work on your B2B buyers. Instead, leverage data that proves what’s working (and what’s not).

  Analytics software like Matomo are crucial tools in your B2B customer journey toolkit.

  Matomo can help you make data-driven decisions to fuel customer acquisition and loyalty to help get more customers all the way to the advocacy stage.

  Using Matomo (which analyses and interprets different data sources) can give you a holistic view of what’s going on at each stage of the journey so you can reach your goals.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

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  4. Draw out customer journey stages

  Now that you have your data-backed plan, it’s time for some customer journey mapping.

  You can do this on paper or use a diagram tool to create a visual B2B customer journey map.

  Here, you’ll draw out every single stage in your customer journey, including every single touchpoint from different decision-makers.

  5. Determine each customer touchpoint

  Once you’ve drawn up the customer journey stages, you’ll have a key list of B2B customer journey touchpoints to implement.

  Write down every single customer interaction possible on the journey through.

  This could be reading an email, a blog post or watching a video on your home page.

  It could be an advertisement, a phone call or a follow-up email.

  It could even be a live demo or video sales call (meeting).

  6. Identify your own goals

  Now that you’ve got your visual B2B customer journey mapping done, it’s time to go back to you and your company.

  What are your goals ?

  What are the end results you’re looking for here ?

  You’ve got your current map in place. Now, how would you like customers to go through this journey ?

  Where would you like them to end up ?

  Look back at your company’s primary objectives if you’re stuck here.

  If your company is looking to increase profit margins, then maybe you want to focus more on retention, so you’re spending less on acquisition (and leaning more on recurring revenue from existing customers).

  How to create a Matomo funnel to track your B2B customer journey

  If you want to start tracking and optimising your B2B customer journey, you need to have a good grasp on your funnel.

  The reality is that your customer journey is your funnel.

  They’re one and the same.

  Your customer journeys through your sales funnel.

  So, if you want to optimise it, then you need to see what’s going on at each stage of your funnel.

  

  With Matomo, you can map out your entire funnel and track key events like conversions.

  This allows you to identify where your site visitors are having problems, where they’re exiting and other obstacles they’re facing on their journey through.

  To start, you first define what events or touchpoints you want included. This could mean :

  • Landing on your website
  • Visiting a product page
  • Adding something to cart
  • Going to checkout
  • Clicking “buy”

  Then, at each stage, you’ll see conversion rates.

  For example, if only 3% of your visitors go from landing on your website to the product page, you likely have an issue between your homepage (and other pages) and your product pages.

  Or, if you can get people to add to cart, but you rarely get people going to checkout, there’s likely a problem to fix on your add-to-cart page.

  By leveraging Matomo’s funnels feature, you get to see your entire customer journey (and where people are falling off) so you understand what you need to optimise to grow your business.

  If you’re ready to start building and optimising your customer journey today, then try Matomo for free for 21 days.

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