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• FFmpeg : Green images from TS file

  5 septembre 2017, par Tatsiana

  I use ffmpeg to generate images from a TS file and at some places it generates green images. I checked a couple of ffmpeg versions. The issue reproduces on
  3.3.3, 2.8.11, 2.7.7, but doesn’t on 2.6.9.
  What might be the reason ?

  For example, the output of 2.8.11 :

      $ ffmpeg -ss 00:42:20 -i video.ts -frames:v 1 out_42_20.jpg -loglevel debug
      ffmpeg version 2.8.11-0ubuntu0.16.04.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2017 the FFmpeg developers
        built with gcc 5.4.0 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1 16.04.4) 20160609
        configuration : —prefix=/usr —extra-version=0ubuntu0.16.04.1 —build-suffix=-ffmpeg —toolchain=hardened —libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu —cc=cc —cxx=g++ —enable-gpl —enable-shared —disable-stripping —disable-decoder=libopenjpeg —disable-dhroedinger —enable-avresample —enable-avisynth —enable-gnutls —enable-ladspa —enable-libass —enable-libbluray —enable-libbs2b —enab-enable-libcdio —enable-libflite —enable-libfontconfig —enable-libfreetype —enable-libfribidi —enable-libgme —enable-libgsm —enable—enable-libmp3lame —enable-libopenjpeg —enable-libopus —enable-libpulse —enable-librtmp —enable-libschroedinger —enable-libshine —enpy —enable-libsoxr —enable-libspeex —enable-libssh —enable-libtheora —enable-libtwolame —enable-libvorbis —enable-libvpx —enable-linable-libwebp —enable-libx265 —enable-libxvid —enable-libzvbi —enable-openal —enable-opengl —enable-x11grab —enable-libdc1394 —enab83 —enable-libzmq —enable-frei0r —enable-libx264 —enable-libopencv
        libavutil      54. 31.100 / 54. 31.100
        libavcodec     56. 60.100 / 56. 60.100
        libavformat    56. 40.101 / 56. 40.101
        libavdevice    56.  4.100 / 56.  4.100
        libavfilter     5. 40.101 /  5. 40.101
        libavresample   2.  1.  0 /  2.  1.  0
        libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
        libswresample   1.  2.101 /  1.  2.101
        libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
      Splitting the commandline.
      Reading option ’-ss’ ... matched as option ’ss’ (set the start time offset) with argument ’00:42:20’.
      Reading option ’-i’ ... matched as input url with argument ’video.ts’.
      Reading option ’-frames:v’ ... matched as option ’frames’ (set the number of frames to output) with argument ’1’.
      Reading option ’out_42_20.jpg’ ... matched as output url.
      Reading option ’-loglevel’ ... matched as option ’loglevel’ (set logging level) with argument ’debug’.
      Finished splitting the commandline.
      Parsing a group of options : global .
      Applying option loglevel (set logging level) with argument debug.
      Successfully parsed a group of options.
      Parsing a group of options : input url video.ts.
      Applying option ss (set the start time offset) with argument 00:42:20.
      Successfully parsed a group of options.
      Opening an input file : video.ts.
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] Format mpegts probed with size=2048 and score=100
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] stream=0 stream_type=1b pid=1e1 prog_reg_desc=
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] stream=1 stream_type=f pid=1e2 prog_reg_desc=
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] stream=2 stream_type=6 pid=1e3 prog_reg_desc=
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos : 0 bytes read:32768 seeks:0
      [h264 @ 0x22be840] no picture
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] max_analyze_duration 5000000 reached at 5000000 microseconds st:0
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] stream 0 : no PTS found at end of file, duration not set
      [mpegts @ 0x22ba400] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos : 0 bytes read:4026800 seeks:3 frames:550
      Input #0, mpegts, from ’video.ts’ :
        Duration : 02:15:27.97, start : 1.079989, bitrate : 4983 kb/s
        Program 1
          Stream #0:0[0x1e1], 216, 1/90000 : Video : h264 (High), 4 reference frames ([27][0][0][0] / 0x001B), yuv420p(left), 1920x1080 (1920x1088)R 16:9], 1/50, 25 fps, 50 tbr, 90k tbn, 50 tbc
          Stream #0:1[0x1e2](und), 203, 1/90000 : Audio : aac (LC) ([15][0][0][0] / 0x000F), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 127 kb/s
          Stream #0:2[0x1e3](und), 131, 1/90000 : Audio : ac3 ([6][0][0][0] / 0x0006), 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), fltp, 384 kb/s
      Successfully opened the file.
      Parsing a group of options : output url out_42_20.jpg.
      Applying option frames:v (set the number of frames to output) with argument 1.
      Successfully parsed a group of options.
      Opening an output file : out_42_20.jpg.
      Successfully opened the file.
      detected 1 logical cores
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’video_size’ to value ’1920x1080’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’pix_fmt’ to value ’0’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’time_base’ to value ’1/90000’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’pixel_aspect’ to value ’1/1’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’sws_param’ to value ’flags=2’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] Setting ’frame_rate’ to value ’25/1’
      [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0x22ba280] w:1920 h:1080 pixfmt:yuv420p tb:1/90000 fr:25/1 sar:1/1 sws_param:flags=2
      [format @ 0x2328360] compat : called with args=[yuvj420p|yuvj422p|yuvj444p]
      [format @ 0x2328360] Setting ’pix_fmts’ to value ’yuvj420p|yuvj422p|yuvj444p’
      [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0x2326600] Setting ’flags’ to value ’bicubic’
      [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0x2326600] w:iw h:ih flags :’bicubic’ interl:0
      [format @ 0x2328360] auto-inserting filter ’auto-inserted scaler 0’ between the filter ’Parsed_null_0’ and the filter ’format’
      [AVFilterGraph @ 0x2327ba0] query_formats : 5 queried, 3 merged, 1 already done, 0 delayed
      [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0x2326600] picking yuvj420p out of 3 ref:yuv420p alpha:0
      [swscaler @ 0x2310660] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
      [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0x2326600] w:1920 h:1080 fmt:yuv420p sar:1/1 -> w:1920 h:1080 fmt:yuvj420p sar:1/1 flags:0x4
      [mjpeg @ 0x2327620] Forcing thread count to 1 for MJPEG encoding, use -thread_type slice or a constant quantizer if you want to use multipl
      [mjpeg @ 0x2327620] intra_quant_bias = 96 inter_quant_bias = 0
      Output #0, image2, to ’out_42_20.jpg’ :
        Metadata :
          encoder : Lavf56.40.101
          Stream #0:0, 0, 1/25 : Video : mjpeg, 1 reference frame, yuvj420p(pc, left), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 1/25, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps tbc
          Metadata :
            encoder : Lavc56.60.100 mjpeg
      Stream mapping :
        Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> mjpeg (native))
      Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 0
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 0
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 0
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      timestamp discontinuity 0, new offset= -2541079989
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] no picture
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] illegal short term buffer state detected
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] Missing reference picture, default is 65537
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] decode_slice_header error
      [h264 @ 0x232a040] no picture
      *** 0 dup !
      [AVIOContext @ 0x2448c00] Statistics : 0 seeks, 2 writeouts
      No more output streams to write to, finishing.
      frame=    1 fps=0.0 q=2.2 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:00.04 bitrate=N/A dup=1 drop=1
      video:32kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead : unknown
      Input file #0 (video.ts) :
        Input stream #0:0 (video) : 9 packets read (261340 bytes) ; 3 frames decoded ;
        Input stream #0:1 (audio) : 0 packets read (0 bytes) ;
        Input stream #0:2 (audio) : 0 packets read (0 bytes) ;
        Total : 9 packets (261340 bytes) demuxed
      Output file #0 (out_42_20.jpg) :
        Output stream #0:0 (video) : 1 frames encoded ; 1 packets muxed (33209 bytes) ;
        Total : 1 packets (33209 bytes) muxed
      3 frames successfully decoded, 0 decoding errors
      [AVIOContext @ 0x22c2e40] Statistics : 8798032 bytes read, 36 seeks
  

• How can we install FFMPEG for Ruby app on heroku ?

  8 septembre 2017, par Biswa

  I am trying to install FFMPEG for a Ruby app(Web framework- Sinatra) on Heroku. I have tried heroku-buildpack-multi (github.com/ddollar/heroku-buildpack-multi.git) plugin, but seems it’s stopped working from Jan 01,2017 as it threw error with same message. I followed steps from this link https://elements.heroku.com/buildpacks/jonathanong/heroku-buildpack-ffmpeg

  There is not much information regarding FFMPEG installation on Heroku. Can any one suggest some solution ?

  Attaching error from heroku

• How to encode images to h264 stream using ffmpeg c api ? [on hold]

  8 septembre 2017, par Tarhan

  Edit :
  Is it possible to create series of H264 packets (complete NALs with starting code 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x01) in FFMPEG and in memory only without direct usage of libx264 for encoding frames ?
  If so how to specify FFMPEG’s format context correctly so I can use AVPacket’s data without writing to file ?

  As described below (I’m sorry for a long explanation). When I use only codec context and encode frames using avcodec_send_frame/avcodec_send_frame FFMPEG produce odd output. At least first packet(s) contains header which looks like FFMPEG logo message (hex dump provided below).
  Is it possible to receive packets which contains only NALs ? I think FFMPEG birary provide expected output when I encode in file with .h264 extension. So bottom line I need to setup format context and codec context to reproduce FFMPEG binary behaviour but only in memory.

  Original long explanation :
  I have several devices which I could not modify and do not have complete source code.
  Devices receive UDP stream in custom format. Some UDP frames contains H264 video in some kind of header wrapper.
  After I unwrap packets I have list of complete H264 NALs (all video payload packets starts with 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x01).
  My test decoding similar to one in devices looks like this :
  Init

  H264Parser::H264Parser(IMatConsumer& receiver) :
  
      _receiver(receiver)
  
  {
  
      av_register_all();
  
      _codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
  
      _codecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(_codec);
  
      _codecContext->refcounted_frames = 0;
  
      _codecContext->bit_rate = 0;
  
      _codecContext->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_INPUT_PRESERVED | CODEC_FLAG_LOW_DELAY | CODEC_FLAG_LOOP_FILTER;
  
      if (_codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_TRUNCATED)
  
          _codecContext->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_TRUNCATED;
  
      _codecContext->flags2 |= CODEC_FLAG2_CHUNKS | CODEC_FLAG2_NO_OUTPUT | CODEC_FLAG2_FAST;
  
      _codecContext->flags2 |= CODEC_FLAG2_DROP_FRAME_TIMECODE | CODEC_FLAG2_IGNORE_CROP | CODEC_FLAG2_SHOW_ALL;
  
      _codecContext->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  
      _codecContext->field_order = AV_FIELD_UNKNOWN;
  
      _codecContext->request_sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_NONE;
  
      _codecContext->workaround_bugs = FF_BUG_AUTODETECT;
  
      _codecContext->strict_std_compliance = FF_COMPLIANCE_NORMAL;
  
      _codecContext->error_concealment = FF_EC_DEBLOCK;
  
      _codecContext->idct_algo = FF_IDCT_AUTO;
  
      _codecContext->thread_count = 0;
  
      _codecContext->thread_type = FF_THREAD_FRAME;
  
      _codecContext->thread_safe_callbacks = 0;
  
      _codecContext->skip_loop_filter = AVDISCARD_DEFAULT;
  
      _codecContext->skip_idct = AVDISCARD_DEFAULT;
  
      _codecContext->skip_frame = AVDISCARD_DEFAULT;
  
      _codecContext->pkt_timebase.num = 1;
  
      _codecContext->pkt_timebase.den = -1;
  
      if (avcodec_open2(_codecContext, _codec, nullptr) != 0) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not open codec");
  
      }
  
      L_INFO("H264 codec opened succesfully");
  
      _frame = av_frame_alloc();
  
      if (_frame == nullptr) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not allocate single frame");
  
      }
  
      _rgbFrame = av_frame_alloc();
  
      int frameBytesCount = avpicture_get_size(AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH, INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT);
  
      _buffer = (uint8_t*)av_malloc(frameBytesCount * sizeof(frameBytesCount));
  
      avpicture_fill((AVPicture*)_rgbFrame, _buffer, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH, INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT);
  
      _packet.dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
  
      _packet.stream_index = 0;
  
      _packet.flags = 0;
  
      _packet.side_data = nullptr;
  
      _packet.side_data_elems = 0;
  
      _packet.duration = 0;
  
      _packet.pos = -1;
  
      _packet.convergence_duration = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
  
      if (avpicture_alloc(&_rgbPicture, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH, INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT) != 0) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not allocate RGB picture");
  
      }
  
      _width = INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH;
  
      _height = INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT;
  
      _convertContext = sws_getContext(INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH, INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
          INITIAL_PICTURE_WIDTH, INITIAL_PICTURE_HEIGHT, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,
  
          SWS_BILINEAR, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
  
      if (_convertContext == nullptr) {
  
          L_ERROR("Faild to initialize SWS convert context");
  
      }
  
      _skipBad = false;
  
      _initialized = true;
  
  }

  Decoding NALs received from unwrapper :

  void H264Parser::handle(const uint8_t * nalUnit, int size)
  
  {
  
      static int packetIndex = 0;
  
      bool result = false;
  
      if (!_initialized)
  
          return;
  
      _packet.buf = nullptr;
  
      _packet.pts = packetIndex;
  
      _packet.data = (uint8_t*)nalUnit;
  
      _packet.size = size;
  
      int frameFinished = 0;
  
      int length = avcodec_decode_video2(_codecContext, _frame, &frameFinished, &_packet);
  
      if (_skipBad) {
  
          L_ERROR("We should not skip bad frames");
  
      }
  
      int width = 0;
  
      int height = 0;
  
      if (((_frame->pict_type == AV_PICTURE_TYPE_I) ||
  
          (_frame->pict_type == AV_PICTURE_TYPE_P) ||
  
          (_frame->pict_type == AV_PICTURE_TYPE_B)) &&
  
          (length > 0) && (frameFinished > 0)) {
  
          L_DEBUG("Found picture type: %d", _frame->pict_type);
  
          if ((_codecContext->width != _width) && (_codecContext->height != _height)) {
  
              if (_convertContext != nullptr) {
  
                  sws_freeContext(_convertContext);
  
                  _convertContext = nullptr;
  
              }
  
              _convertContext = sws_getContext(_codecContext->width, _codecContext->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
                  _codecContext->width, _codecContext->height, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,
  
                  SWS_BILINEAR, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
  
              if (_convertContext == nullptr) {
  
                  L_ERROR("Could not create SWS convert context for new width and height");
  
                  return;
  
              }
  
              avpicture_free(&_rgbPicture);
  
  
  
              if (avpicture_alloc(&_rgbPicture, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24, _codecContext->width, _codecContext->height) != 0) {
  
                  L_ERROR("Could not allocate picture for new width and height");
  
              }
  
              _width = _codecContext->width;
  
              _height = _codecContext->height;
  
          }
  
  
  
          if (sws_scale(_convertContext, _frame->data, _frame->linesize, 0, _codecContext->height, _rgbPicture.data, _rgbPicture.linesize) == _codecContext->height) {
  
              width = _codecContext->width;
  
              height = _codecContext->height;
  
              cv::Mat mat(height, width, CV_8UC3, _rgbPicture.data[0], _rgbPicture.linesize[0]);
  
              _receiver.onImage(mat);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  }

  It workings and decode images correctly from existing encoding devices.
  P.S. : There small issue with FFMPEG print warning to console "[h264 @ 00000000024ad860] data partitioning is not implemented.". But I suppose it is problem with encoding devices.

  How is question part.
  I need to create another encoding device with settings compatible with decoding described above.
  From tutorials or other Stack Overflow questions people mostly need to write H264 stream to file or direct to UDP without custom wrapping.
  I need to create NALs packets in memory.

  Can someone provide correct code for initialization and encoding series of images into series of complete NALs packets ?

  I’ve tried to create encoding using following code :
  Init
  

  H264Encoder::H264Encoder(int width, int height, int fpsRationalHigh, int fpsRationalLow) :
  
      _frameCounter(0),
  
      _output("video_encoded.h264", std::ios::binary)
  
  {
  
      av_register_all();
  
      avcodec_register_all();
  
      _codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
  
      if (!_codec) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not find H264 encoder");
  
          throw std::runtime_error("Could not find H264 encoder");
  
      }
  
  
  
      _codecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(_codec);
  
      if (!_codecContext) {
  
          L_ERROR("Cound not open codec context for H264 encoder");
  
          throw std::runtime_error("Cound not open codec context for H264 encoder");
  
      }
  
  
  
      _codecContext->width = width;
  
      _codecContext->height = height;
  
      _codecContext->time_base = AVRational{ fpsRationalLow, fpsRationalHigh };
  
      _codecContext->framerate = AVRational{ fpsRationalHigh, fpsRationalLow };
  
      _codecContext->bit_rate = BIT_RATE;
  
      _codecContext->bit_rate_tolerance = 0;
  
      _codecContext->rc_max_rate = 0;
  
      _codecContext->gop_size = GOP_SIZE;
  
      _codecContext->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_LOOP_FILTER; 
  
      // _codecContext->refcounted_frames = 0;
  
      av_opt_set(_codecContext->priv_data, "preset", "fast", 0);
  
      av_opt_set(_codecContext->priv_data, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);
  
      av_opt_set(_codecContext->priv_data, "vprofile", "baseline", 0);
  
  
  
      _codecContext->max_b_frames = 1;
  
      _codecContext->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  
      //_codecContext->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
  
  
  
      if (avcodec_open2(_codecContext, _codec, nullptr) != 0) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not open codec");
  
          throw std::runtime_error("Could not open codec");
  
      }
  
      L_INFO("H264 codec opened succesfully");
  
      _frame = av_frame_alloc();
  
      if (_frame == nullptr) {
  
          L_ERROR("Could not allocate single frame");
  
      }
  
      _frame->format = _codecContext->pix_fmt;
  
      _frame->width = width;
  
      _frame->height = height;
  
  
  
      av_frame_get_buffer(_frame, 1);
  
  
  
      _rgbFrame = av_frame_alloc();
  
      _rgbFrame->format = AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
  
      _rgbFrame->width = width;
  
      _rgbFrame->height = height;
  
      av_frame_get_buffer(_rgbFrame, 1);
  
  
  
      _width = width;
  
      _height = height;
  
      _convertContext = sws_getContext(width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,
  
          width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
          SWS_BILINEAR, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
  
      if (_convertContext == nullptr) {
  
          L_ERROR("Faild to initialize SWS convert context");
  
      }
  
      _skipBad = false;
  
      _initialized = true;
  
  }

  Encoding

  void H264Encoder::processImage(const cv::Mat & mat)
  
  {
  
      av_init_packet(&_packet);
  
      _packet.data = nullptr;
  
      _packet.size = 0;
  
      _packet.pts = _frameCounter;
  
      _rgbFrame->data[0] = (uint8_t*)mat.data;
  
  
  
      // av_image_fill_arrays(_rgbFrame->data, _rgbFrame->linesize, _buffer, (AVPixelFormat)_rgbFrame->format, _rgbFrame->width, _rgbFrame->height, 1);
  
      if (sws_scale(_convertContext, _rgbFrame->data, _rgbFrame->linesize, 0, _codecContext->height, _frame->data, _frame->linesize) == _codecContext->height) {
  
          L_DEBUG("BGR frame converted to YUV");
  
      }
  
      else {
  
          L_DEBUG("Could not convert BGR frame to YUV");
  
      }
  
  
  
  
  
      int retSendFrame = avcodec_send_frame(_codecContext, _frame);
  
      int retReceivePacket = avcodec_receive_packet(_codecContext, &_packet);
  
      if (retSendFrame == AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
  
          L_DEBUG("Buffers are filled");
  
      }
  
      if (retReceivePacket == 0) {
  
          _packet.pts = _frameCounter;
  
          L_DEBUG("Got frame (Frame index: %4d)", _frameCounter);
  
          _output.write((char*)_packet.data, _packet.size);
  
          av_packet_unref(&_packet);
  
      }
  
      else {
  
          L_DEBUG("No frame at moment. (Frame index: %4d)", _frameCounter);
  
      }
  
      _frameCounter++;
  
  }

  But this code produce incorrect output. FFMPEG itself could not understand test ```video_encoded.h264`` file.
  It output errors like this :

  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] decode_slice_header error
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] no frame!
  
  [h264 @ 00000000006da940] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
  
  [h264 @ 00000000026196a0] decoding for stream 0 failed
  
  [h264 @ 00000000026196a0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 0 (Video: h264, none): unspecified size
  
  Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' and 'probesize' options
  
  Input #0, h264, from 'video_encoded.h264':
  
    Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264, none, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1200k tbn, 50 tbc
  
  [mp4 @ 00000000026d00a0] dimensions not set
  
  Could not write header for output file #0 (incorrect codec parameters ?): Invalid argument
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
  
      Last message repeated 1 times

  When I’ve opened file in HEX editor I found FFMPEG logo text (WHY ??) in beginning. It looks like this

  Offset      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7   8  9  A  B  C  D  E  F
  
  
  
  00000000   00 00 00 01 67 64 00 1F  AC EC 05 00 5B A1 00 00       gd  ¬ì  [¡  
  
  00000010   03 00 01 00 00 03 00 32  8F 18 31 38 00 00 00 01          2  18    
  
  00000020   68 EA EC B2 2C 00 00 01  06 05 FF FF BE DC 45 E9   hêì²,     ÿÿ¾ÜEé
  
  00000030   BD E6 D9 48 B7 96 2C D8  20 D9 23 EE EF 78 32 36   ½æÙH·–,Ø Ù#îïx26
  
  00000040   34 20 2D 20 63 6F 72 65  20 31 35 32 20 72 32 38   4 - core 152 r28
  
  00000050   35 31 20 62 61 32 34 38  39 39 20 2D 20 48 2E 32   51 ba24899 - H.2
  
  00000060   36 34 2F 4D 50 45 47 2D  34 20 41 56 43 20 63 6F   64/MPEG-4 AVC co
  
  00000070   64 65 63 20 2D 20 43 6F  70 79 6C 65 66 74 20 32   dec - Copyleft 2
  
  00000080   30 30 33 2D 32 30 31 37  20 2D 20 68 74 74 70 3A   003-2017 - http:
  
  00000090   2F 2F 77 77 77 2E 76 69  64 65 6F 6C 61 6E 2E 6F   //www.videolan.o
  
  000000A0   72 67 2F 78 32 36 34 2E  68 74 6D 6C 20 2D 20 6F   rg/x264.html - o
  
  000000B0   70 74 69 6F 6E 73 3A 20  63 61 62 61 63 3D 31 20   ptions: cabac=1 
  
  000000C0   72 65 66 3D 32 20 64 65  62 6C 6F 63 6B 3D 31 3A   ref=2 deblock=1:
  
  000000D0   30 3A 30 20 61 6E 61 6C  79 73 65 3D 30 78 33 3A   0:0 analyse=0x3:
  
  000000E0   30 78 31 31 33 20 6D 65  3D 68 65 78 20 73 75 62   0x113 me=hex sub
  
  000000F0   6D 65 3D 36 20 70 73 79  3D 31 20 70 73 79 5F 72   me=6 psy=1 psy_r
  
  00000100   64 3D 31 2E 30 30 3A 30  2E 30 30 20 6D 69 78 65   d=1.00:0.00 mixe
  
  00000110   64 5F 72 65 66 3D 31 20  6D 65 5F 72 61 6E 67 65   d_ref=1 me_range
  
  00000120   3D 31 36 20 63 68 72 6F  6D 61 5F 6D 65 3D 31 20   =16 chroma_me=1 
  
  00000130   74 72 65 6C 6C 69 73 3D  31 20 38 78 38 64 63 74   trellis=1 8x8dct
  
  00000140   3D 31 20 63 71 6D 3D 30  20 64 65 61 64 7A 6F 6E   =1 cqm=0 deadzon
  
  00000150   65 3D 32 31 2C 31 31 20  66 61 73 74 5F 70 73 6B   e=21,11 fast_psk
  
  00000160   69 70 3D 31 20 63 68 72  6F 6D 61 5F 71 70 5F 6F   ip=1 chroma_qp_o
  
  00000170   66 66 73 65 74 3D 2D 32  20 74 68 72 65 61 64 73   ffset=-2 threads
  
  00000180   3D 38 20 6C 6F 6F 6B 61  68 65 61 64 5F 74 68 72   =8 lookahead_thr
  
  00000190   65 61 64 73 3D 38 20 73  6C 69 63 65 64 5F 74 68   eads=8 sliced_th
  
  000001A0   72 65 61 64 73 3D 31 20  73 6C 69 63 65 73 3D 38   reads=1 slices=8
  
  000001B0   20 6E 72 3D 30 20 64 65  63 69 6D 61 74 65 3D 31    nr=0 decimate=1
  
  000001C0   20 69 6E 74 65 72 6C 61  63 65 64 3D 30 20 62 6C    interlaced=0 bl
  
  000001D0   75 72 61 79 5F 63 6F 6D  70 61 74 3D 30 20 63 6F   uray_compat=0 co
  
  000001E0   6E 73 74 72 61 69 6E 65  64 5F 69 6E 74 72 61 3D   nstrained_intra=
  
  000001F0   30 20 62 66 72 61 6D 65  73 3D 31 20 62 5F 70 79   0 bframes=1 b_py
  
  00000200   72 61 6D 69 64 3D 30 20  62 5F 61 64 61 70 74 3D   ramid=0 b_adapt=
  
  00000210   31 20 62 5F 62 69 61 73  3D 30 20 64 69 72 65 63   1 b_bias=0 direc
  
  00000220   74 3D 31 20 77 65 69 67  68 74 62 3D 31 20 6F 70   t=1 weightb=1 op
  
  00000230   65 6E 5F 67 6F 70 3D 30  20 77 65 69 67 68 74 70   en_gop=0 weightp
  
  00000240   3D 31 20 6B 65 79 69 6E  74 3D 35 20 6B 65 79 69   =1 keyint=5 keyi
  
  00000250   6E 74 5F 6D 69 6E 3D 31  20 73 63 65 6E 65 63 75   nt_min=1 scenecu
  
  00000260   74 3D 34 30 20 69 6E 74  72 61 5F 72 65 66 72 65   t=40 intra_refre
  
  00000270   73 68 3D 30 20 72 63 3D  61 62 72 20 6D 62 74 72   sh=0 rc=abr mbtr
  
  00000280   65 65 3D 30 20 62 69 74  72 61 74 65 3D 31 32 30   ee=0 bitrate=120
  
  00000290   30 20 72 61 74 65 74 6F  6C 3D 31 2E 30 20 71 63   0 ratetol=1.0 qc
  
  000002A0   6F 6D 70 3D 30 2E 36 30  20 71 70 6D 69 6E 3D 30   omp=0.60 qpmin=0
  
  000002B0   20 71 70 6D 61 78 3D 36  39 20 71 70 73 74 65 70    qpmax=69 qpstep
  
  000002C0   3D 34 20 69 70 5F 72 61  74 69 6F 3D 31 2E 34 30   =4 ip_ratio=1.40
  
  000002D0   20 70 62 5F 72 61 74 69  6F 3D 31 2E 33 30 20 61    pb_ratio=1.30 a
  
  000002E0   71 3D 31 3A 31 2E 30 30  00 80 00                  q=1:1.00 € 

  I support additional I need to create AVFormatContext and create stream. But I don’t know how to create it for RAW H264 and most important to not write output to file but to memory buffer.

  Can someone help me ?