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Decoding pcm_s16le with FFMPEG ?
21 janvier, par Davide Caresiai have a problem decoding a wav file using ffmpeg. I'm new to it and i'm not quite used to it.



In my application i have to input the audio file and get an array of samples to work on. 
I used ffmpeg to create a function that gets in input the path of the file, the position in time where to start to output the samples and the lenght of the chunk to decode in seconds.



I have no reputation, so I had to make a gdrive directory where you can see the problem and the files on which I worked.



Here it is : https://goo.gl/8KnjAj



When I try to decode the file harp.wav everything runs fine, and I can plot the samples as in the image plot-harp.png



The file is a WAV file encoded as : pcm_u8, 11025 Hz, 1 channels, u8, 88 kb/s



The problems comes when i try to decode the file demo-unprocessed.wav.
It outputs a series of samples that has no sense. It outputs a serie of samples plotted as the image graph1-demo.jpg shows.



The file is a WAV file encoded as : pcm_s16le, 44100 Hz, 1 channels, s16, 705 kb/s



IDK where the problem in my code is, I already checked the code before and after the decoding with FFMPEG, and it works absolutely fine.



Here is the code for the dataReader.cpp :



/* Start by including the necessary */
#include "dataReader.h"
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
 #include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h> 
 #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
 #include <libavutil></libavutil>avutil.h>
#ifdef __cplusplus 
}
#endif

using namespace std;

/* initialization function for audioChunk */
audioChunk::audioChunk(){
 data=NULL;
 size=0;
 bitrate=0;
}

/* function to get back chunk lenght in seconds */
int audioChunk::getTimeLenght(){
 return size/bitrate;
}

/* initialization function for audioChunk_dNorm */
audioChunk_dNorm::audioChunk_dNorm(){
 data=NULL;
 size=0;
 bitrate=0;
}

/* function to get back chunk lenght in seconds */
int audioChunk_dNorm::getTimeLenght(){
 return size/bitrate;
}

/* function to normalize audioChunk into audioChunk_dNorm */
void audioChunk_dNorm::fillAudioChunk(audioChunk* cnk){

 size=cnk->size;
 bitrate=cnk->bitrate;

 double min=cnk->data[0];
 double max=cnk->data[0];

 for(int i=0;isize;i++){
 if(*(cnk->data+i)>max) max=*(cnk->data+i);
 else if(*(cnk->data+i)data+i);
 }

 data=new double[size];

 for(int i=0;i/data[i]=cnk->data[i]+256*data[i+1];
 if(data[i]!=255) data[i]=2*((cnk->data[i])-(max-min)/2)/(max-min);
 else data[i]=0;
 }
 cout<<"bitrate "<* inizialize audioChunk */
 audioChunk output;

 /* Check input times */
 if((start_time<0)||(lenght<0)) {
 cout<<"Input times should be positive";
 return output;
 }

 /* Start FFmpeg */
 av_register_all();

 /* Initialize the frame to read the data and verify memory allocation */
 AVFrame* frame = av_frame_alloc();
 if (!frame)
 {
 cout << "Error allocating the frame" << endl;
 return output;
 }

 /* Initialization of the Context, to open the file */
 AVFormatContext* formatContext = NULL;
 /* Opening the file, and check if it has opened */
 if (avformat_open_input(&formatContext, path_name, NULL, NULL) != 0)
 {
 av_frame_free(&frame);
 cout << "Error opening the file" << endl;
 return output;
 }

 /* Find the stream info, if not found, exit */
 if (avformat_find_stream_info(formatContext, NULL) < 0)
 {
 av_frame_free(&frame);
 avformat_close_input(&formatContext);
 cout << "Error finding the stream info" << endl;
 return output;
 }

 /* Check inputs to verify time input */
 if(start_time>(formatContext->duration/1000000)){
 cout<< "Error, start_time is over file duration"<* Chunk = number of samples to output */
 long long int chunk = ((formatContext->bit_rate)*lenght/8);
 /* Start = address of sample where start to read */
 long long int start = ((formatContext->bit_rate)*start_time/8);
 /* Tot_sampl = number of the samples in the file */
 long long int tot_sampl = (formatContext->bit_rate)*(formatContext->duration)/8000000;

 /* Set the lenght of chunk to avoid segfault and to read all the file */
 if (start+chunk>tot_sampl) {chunk = tot_sampl-start;}
 if (lenght==0) {start = 0; chunk = tot_sampl;}

 /* initialize the array to output */
 output.data = new unsigned char[chunk];
 output.bitrate = formatContext->bit_rate;
 output.size=chunk;

 av_dump_format(formatContext,0,NULL,0);
 cout<* Find the audio Stream, if no audio stream are found, clean and exit */
 AVCodec* cdc = NULL;
 int streamIndex = av_find_best_stream(formatContext, AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO, -1, -1, &cdc, 0);
 if (streamIndex < 0)
 {
 av_frame_free(&frame);
 avformat_close_input(&formatContext);
 cout << "Could not find any audio stream in the file" << endl;
 return output;
 }

 /* Open the audio stream to read data in audioStream */
 AVStream* audioStream = formatContext->streams[streamIndex];

 /* Initialize the codec context */
 AVCodecContext* codecContext = audioStream->codec;
 codecContext->codec = cdc;
 /* Open the codec, and verify if it has opened */
 if (avcodec_open2(codecContext, codecContext->codec, NULL) != 0)
 {
 av_frame_free(&frame);
 avformat_close_input(&formatContext);
 cout << "Couldn't open the context with the decoder" << endl;
 return output;
 }

 /* Initialize buffer to store compressed packets */
 AVPacket readingPacket;
 av_init_packet(&readingPacket);


 int j=0;
 int count = 0; 

 while(av_read_frame(formatContext, &readingPacket)==0){
 if((count+readingPacket.size)>start){
 if(readingPacket.stream_index == audioStream->index){

 AVPacket decodingPacket = readingPacket;

 // Audio packets can have multiple audio frames in a single packet
 while (decodingPacket.size > 0){
 // Try to decode the packet into a frame
 // Some frames rely on multiple packets, so we have to make sure the frame is finished before
 // we can use it
 int gotFrame = 0;
 int result = avcodec_decode_audio4(codecContext, frame, &gotFrame, &decodingPacket);

 count += result;

 if (result >= 0 && gotFrame)
 {
 decodingPacket.size -= result;
 decodingPacket.data += result;
 int a;

 for(int i=0;idata[0][i];

 j++;
 if(j>=chunk) break;
 }

 // We now have a fully decoded audio frame
 }
 else
 {
 decodingPacket.size = 0;
 decodingPacket.data = NULL;
 }
 if(j>=chunk) break;
 }
 } 
 }else count+=readingPacket.size;

 // To prevent memory leak, must free packet.
 av_free_packet(&readingPacket);
 if(j>=chunk) break;
 }

 // Some codecs will cause frames to be buffered up in the decoding process. If the CODEC_CAP_DELAY flag
 // is set, there can be buffered up frames that need to be flushed, so we'll do that
 if (codecContext->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_DELAY)
 {
 av_init_packet(&readingPacket);
 // Decode all the remaining frames in the buffer, until the end is reached
 int gotFrame = 0;
 int a;
 int result=avcodec_decode_audio4(codecContext, frame, &gotFrame, &readingPacket);
 while (result >= 0 && gotFrame)
 {
 // We now have a fully decoded audio frame
 for(int i=0;idata[0][i];

 j++;
 if(j>=chunk) break;
 }
 if(j>=chunk) break;
 }
 }

 // Clean up!
 av_free(frame);
 avcodec_close(codecContext);
 avformat_close_input(&formatContext);

 cout<<"Ended Reading, "<code></fstream></iostream></cstdlib>


Here is the dataReader.h



/* 
 * File: dataReader.h
 * Author: davide
 *
 * Created on 27 luglio 2015, 11.11
 */

#ifndef DATAREADER_H
#define DATAREADER_H

/* function that reads a file and outputs an array of samples
 * @ path_name = the path of the file to read
 * @ start_time = the position where to start the data reading, 0 = start
 * the time is in seconds, it can hold to 10e-6 seconds
 * @ lenght = the lenght of the frame to extract the data, 
 * 0 = read all the file (do not use with big files)
 * if lenght > of file duration, it reads through the end of file.
 * the time is in seconds, it can hold to 10e-6 seconds 
 */

#include 

class audioChunk{
public:
 uint8_t *data;
 unsigned int size;
 int bitrate;
 int getTimeLenght();
 audioChunk();
};

class audioChunk_dNorm{
public:
 double* data;
 unsigned int size;
 int bitrate;
 int getTimeLenght();
 void fillAudioChunk(audioChunk* cnk);
 audioChunk_dNorm();
};

audioChunk readData(const char* path_name, const double start_time, const double lenght);

#endif /* DATAREADER_H */



And finally there is the main.cpp of the application.



/* 
 * File: main.cpp
 * Author: davide
 *
 * Created on 28 luglio 2015, 17.04
 */

#include <cstdlib>
#include "dataReader.h"
#include "transforms.h"
#include "tognuplot.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

/*
 * 
 */
int main(int argc, char** argv) {

 audioChunk *chunk1=new audioChunk;

 audioChunk_dNorm *normChunk1=new audioChunk_dNorm;

 *chunk1=readData("./audio/demo-unprocessed.wav",0,1);

 normChunk1->fillAudioChunk(chunk1);

 ofstream file1;
 file1.open("./file/2wave.txt", std::ofstream::trunc);
 if(file1.is_open()) {
 for(int i=0;isize;i++) {
 int a=chunk1->data[i];
 file1<code></iostream></fstream></cstdlib>


I can't understand why the outputs goes like this. Is it possible that the decoder can't convert the samples (pcm_16le, 16bits) into FFMPEG AVFrame.data, that stores the samples ad uint8_t ? And if it is it is there some way to make FFMPEG work for audio files that stores samples at more than 8 bits ?



The file graph1-demo_good.jpg is how the samples should be, extracted with a working LIBSNDFILE application that I made.



EDIT : Seems like the program can't convert the decoded data, couples of little endian bytes stored in a couple of uint8_t unsigned char, into the destination format (that i set as unsigned char[]), because it stores the bits as little-endian 16 bytes. So the data into audioChunk.data is right, but I have to read it not as an unsigned char, but as a couple of little-endian bytes.


-
No sounds on Apple devices after encoding videos [migrated]
15 décembre 2013, par RicardoI'm having a problem setting up a media server.
Everything works just great except the sound of Apple devices, I'm not sure if that's something with "mute" on iOS or our codecs are just not compatible with iOS.OS :
Ubuntu 12.04FFMPEG Config :
ffmpeg version 0.10.8-7:0.10.8-1~lucid1 Copyright 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers
built on Sep 5 2013 19:50:14 with gcc 4.4.3
configuration: --arch=amd64 --disable-stripping --enable-pthreads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --extra-version='7:0.10.8-1~lucid1' --libdir=/usr/lib --prefix=/usr --enable-bzlib --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-vdpau --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-zlib --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-libcdio --enable-x11grab --enable-libx264 --shlibdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared --disable-static
avcodec configuration: --arch=amd64 --disable-stripping --enable-pthreads --enable-runtime-cpudetect --extra-version='7:0.10.8-1~lucid1' --libdir=/usr/lib --prefix=/usr --enable-bzlib --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libpulse --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-vdpau --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-zlib --enable-gpl --enable-postproc --enable-libcdio --enable-x11grab --enable-libx264 --shlibdir=/usr/lib --enable-shared --disable-static --enable-version3 --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb
libavutil 51. 35.100 / 51. 35.100
libavcodec 53. 61.100 / 53. 61.100
libavformat 53. 32.100 / 53. 32.100
libavdevice 53. 4.100 / 53. 4.100
libavfilter 2. 61.100 / 2. 61.100
libswscale 2. 1.100 / 2. 1.100
libswresample 0. 6.100 / 0. 6.100
libpostproc 52. 0.100 / 52. 0.100
Hyper fast Audio and Video encoderCodecs :
D..... = Decoding supported
.E.... = Encoding supported
..V... = Video codec
..A... = Audio codec
..S... = Subtitle codec
...S.. = Supports draw_horiz_band
....D. = Supports direct rendering method 1
.....T = Supports weird frame truncation
------
D V D 4xm 4X Movie
D V D 8bps QuickTime 8BPS video
D A D 8svx_exp 8SVX exponential
D A D 8svx_fib 8SVX fibonacci
EV a64multi Multicolor charset for Commodore 64
EV a64multi5 Multicolor charset for Commodore 64, extended with 5th color (colram)
DEA D aac Advanced Audio Coding
D A D aac_latm AAC LATM (Advanced Audio Codec LATM syntax)
D V D aasc Autodesk RLE
DEA D ac3 ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
EA ac3_fixed ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
D A D adpcm_4xm ADPCM 4X Movie
DEA D adpcm_adx SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM
D A D adpcm_ct ADPCM Creative Technology
D A D adpcm_ea ADPCM Electronic Arts
D A D adpcm_ea_maxis_xa ADPCM Electronic Arts Maxis CDROM XA
D A D adpcm_ea_r1 ADPCM Electronic Arts R1
D A D adpcm_ea_r2 ADPCM Electronic Arts R2
D A D adpcm_ea_r3 ADPCM Electronic Arts R3
D A D adpcm_ea_xas ADPCM Electronic Arts XAS
D A D adpcm_ima_amv ADPCM IMA AMV
D A D adpcm_ima_apc ADPCM IMA CRYO APC
D A D adpcm_ima_dk3 ADPCM IMA Duck DK3
D A D adpcm_ima_dk4 ADPCM IMA Duck DK4
D A D adpcm_ima_ea_eacs ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts EACS
D A D adpcm_ima_ea_sead ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts SEAD
D A D adpcm_ima_iss ADPCM IMA Funcom ISS
DEA D adpcm_ima_qt ADPCM IMA QuickTime
D A D adpcm_ima_smjpeg ADPCM IMA Loki SDL MJPEG
DEA D adpcm_ima_wav ADPCM IMA WAV
D A D adpcm_ima_ws ADPCM IMA Westwood
DEA D adpcm_ms ADPCM Microsoft
D A D adpcm_sbpro_2 ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2-bit
D A D adpcm_sbpro_3 ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2.6-bit
D A D adpcm_sbpro_4 ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 4-bit
DEA D adpcm_swf ADPCM Shockwave Flash
D A D adpcm_thp ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube THP
D A D adpcm_xa ADPCM CDROM XA
DEA D adpcm_yamaha ADPCM Yamaha
DEA D alac ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
D A D als MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS)
D A D amrnb Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
D A D amrwb Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand
DEV amv AMV Video
D V D anm Deluxe Paint Animation
D V D ansi ASCII/ANSI art
D A D ape Monkey's Audio
DES ass Advanced SubStation Alpha subtitle
DEV D asv1 ASUS V1
DEV D asv2 ASUS V2
D A D atrac1 Atrac 1 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)
D A D atrac3 Atrac 3 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3)
D V D aura Auravision AURA
D V D aura2 Auravision Aura 2
DEV D avrp Avid 1:1 10-bit RGB Packer
D V D avs AVS (Audio Video Standard) video
D V D bethsoftvid Bethesda VID video
D V D bfi Brute Force & Ignorance
D A D binkaudio_dct Bink Audio (DCT)
D A D binkaudio_rdft Bink Audio (RDFT)
D V binkvideo Bink video
D V D bintext Binary text
DEV D bmp BMP image
D A D bmv_audio Discworld II BMV audio
D V bmv_video Discworld II BMV video
D V D c93 Interplay C93
D V D camstudio CamStudio
D V D camtasia TechSmith Screen Capture Codec
D V D cavs Chinese AVS video (AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile)
D V D cdgraphics CD Graphics video
D V D cinepak Cinepak
DEV D cljr Cirrus Logic AccuPak
D A D cook COOK
D V D cyuv Creative YUV (CYUV)
DEA D dca DCA (DTS Coherent Acoustics)
D V D dfa Chronomaster DFA
D V dirac BBC Dirac VC-2
DEV D dnxhd VC3/DNxHD
DEV dpx DPX image
D A D dsicinaudio Delphine Software International CIN audio
D V D dsicinvideo Delphine Software International CIN video
DES dvbsub DVB subtitles
DES dvdsub DVD subtitles
DEV D dvvideo DV (Digital Video)
D V D dxa Feeble Files/ScummVM DXA
D V D dxtory Dxtory
DEA D eac3 ATSC A/52 E-AC-3
D V D eacmv Electronic Arts CMV video
D V D eamad Electronic Arts Madcow Video
D V D eatgq Electronic Arts TGQ video
D V eatgv Electronic Arts TGV video
D V D eatqi Electronic Arts TQI Video
D V D escape124 Escape 124
D V D escape130 Escape 130
DEV D ffv1 FFmpeg video codec #1
DEVSD ffvhuff Huffyuv FFmpeg variant
DEA D flac FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
DEV D flashsv Flash Screen Video
DEV D flashsv2 Flash Screen Video Version 2
D V D flic Autodesk Animator Flic video
DEVSD flv Flash Video (FLV) / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263
D V D fraps Fraps
D V D frwu Forward Uncompressed
DEA D g722 G.722 ADPCM
DEA g723_1 G.723.1
DEA D g726 G.726 ADPCM
D A D g729 G.729
DEV D gif GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
D A D gsm GSM
D A D gsm_ms GSM Microsoft variant
DEV D h261 H.261
DEVSDT h263 H.263 / H.263-1996
D VSD h263i Intel H.263
EV h263p H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2
D V D h264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
D V D h264_vdpau H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 (VDPAU acceleration)
DEVSD huffyuv Huffyuv / HuffYUV
D V D idcinvideo id Quake II CIN video
D V D idf iCEDraw text
D V D iff_byterun1 IFF ByteRun1
D V D iff_ilbm IFF ILBM
D A D imc IMC (Intel Music Coder)
D V D indeo2 Intel Indeo 2
D V indeo3 Intel Indeo 3
D V indeo4 Intel Indeo Video Interactive 4
D V indeo5 Intel Indeo Video Interactive 5
D A D interplay_dpcm DPCM Interplay
D V D interplayvideo Interplay MVE video
DEV j2k JPEG 2000
DEV D jpegls JPEG-LS
D V D jv Bitmap Brothers JV video
D V kgv1 Kega Game Video
D V D kmvc Karl Morton's video codec
D V D lagarith Lagarith lossless
DEA D libgsm libgsm GSM
DEA D libgsm_ms libgsm GSM Microsoft variant
EA libmp3lame libmp3lame MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
DEA D libopencore_amrnb OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Narrow-Band
D A D libopencore_amrwb OpenCORE Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) Wide-Band
DEV D libopenjpeg OpenJPEG based JPEG 2000 encoder
DEV libschroedinger libschroedinger Dirac 2.2
DEA D libspeex libspeex Speex
EV libtheora libtheora Theora
EA libvorbis libvorbis Vorbis
DEV libvpx libvpx VP8
EV libx264 libx264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
EV libx264rgb libx264 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10 RGB
EV ljpeg Lossless JPEG
D V D loco LOCO
D A D mace3 MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 3:1
D A D mace6 MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 6:1
D V D mdec Sony PlayStation MDEC (Motion DECoder)
D V D mimic Mimic
DEV D mjpeg MJPEG (Motion JPEG)
D V D mjpegb Apple MJPEG-B
D A D mlp MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing)
D V D mmvideo American Laser Games MM Video
D V D motionpixels Motion Pixels video
D A D mp1 MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
D A D mp1float MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
DEA D mp2 MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
D A D mp2float MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
D A D mp3 MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
D A D mp3adu ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
D A D mp3adufloat ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
D A D mp3float MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
D A D mp3on4 MP3onMP4
D A D mp3on4float MP3onMP4
D A D mpc7 Musepack SV7
D A D mpc8 Musepack SV8
DEVSDT mpeg1video MPEG-1 video
D V DT mpeg1video_vdpau MPEG-1 video (VDPAU acceleration)
DEVSDT mpeg2video MPEG-2 video
DEVSDT mpeg4 MPEG-4 part 2
D V DT mpeg4_vdpau MPEG-4 part 2 (VDPAU)
D VSDT mpegvideo MPEG-1 video
D V DT mpegvideo_vdpau MPEG-1/2 video (VDPAU acceleration)
D VSDT mpegvideo_xvmc MPEG-1/2 video XvMC (X-Video Motion Compensation)
DEVSD msmpeg4 MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 3
D VSD msmpeg4v1 MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1
DEVSD msmpeg4v2 MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 2
D V D msrle Microsoft RLE
DEV D msvideo1 Microsoft Video-1
D V D mszh LCL (LossLess Codec Library) MSZH
D V D mxpeg Mobotix MxPEG video
DEA D nellymoser Nellymoser Asao
D V D nuv NuppelVideo/RTJPEG
DEV D pam PAM (Portable AnyMap) image
DEV D pbm PBM (Portable BitMap) image
DEA D pcm_alaw PCM A-law
D A D pcm_bluray PCM signed 16|20|24-bit big-endian for Blu-ray media
D A D pcm_dvd PCM signed 20|24-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_f32be PCM 32-bit floating point big-endian
DEA D pcm_f32le PCM 32-bit floating point little-endian
DEA D pcm_f64be PCM 64-bit floating point big-endian
DEA D pcm_f64le PCM 64-bit floating point little-endian
D A D pcm_lxf PCM signed 20-bit little-endian planar
DEA D pcm_mulaw PCM mu-law
DEA D pcm_s16be PCM signed 16-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_s16le PCM signed 16-bit little-endian
D A D pcm_s16le_planar PCM 16-bit little-endian planar
DEA D pcm_s24be PCM signed 24-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_s24daud PCM D-Cinema audio signed 24-bit
DEA D pcm_s24le PCM signed 24-bit little-endian
DEA D pcm_s32be PCM signed 32-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_s32le PCM signed 32-bit little-endian
DEA D pcm_s8 PCM signed 8-bit
D A D pcm_s8_planar PCM signed 8-bit planar
DEA D pcm_u16be PCM unsigned 16-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_u16le PCM unsigned 16-bit little-endian
DEA D pcm_u24be PCM unsigned 24-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_u24le PCM unsigned 24-bit little-endian
DEA D pcm_u32be PCM unsigned 32-bit big-endian
DEA D pcm_u32le PCM unsigned 32-bit little-endian
DEA D pcm_u8 PCM unsigned 8-bit
D A D pcm_zork PCM Zork
DEV D pcx PC Paintbrush PCX image
DEV D pgm PGM (Portable GrayMap) image
DEV D pgmyuv PGMYUV (Portable GrayMap YUV) image
D S pgssub HDMV Presentation Graphic Stream subtitles
D V D pictor Pictor/PC Paint
DEV D png PNG image
DEV D ppm PPM (Portable PixelMap) image
DEV D prores Apple ProRes
D V D prores_lgpl Apple ProRes (iCodec Pro)
D V D ptx V.Flash PTX image
D A D qcelp QCELP / PureVoice
D A D qdm2 QDesign Music Codec 2
D V D qdraw Apple QuickDraw
D V D qpeg Q-team QPEG
DEV D qtrle QuickTime Animation (RLE) video
DEV D r10k AJA Kona 10-bit RGB Codec
DEV D r210 Uncompressed RGB 10-bit
DEV rawvideo raw video
DEA D real_144 RealAudio 1.0 (14.4K) encoder
D A D real_288 RealAudio 2.0 (28.8K)
D V D rl2 RL2 video
DEA D roq_dpcm id RoQ DPCM
DEV D roqvideo id RoQ video
D V D rpza QuickTime video (RPZA)
DEV D rv10 RealVideo 1.0
DEV D rv20 RealVideo 2.0
D V D rv30 RealVideo 3.0
D V D rv40 RealVideo 4.0
D A D s302m SMPTE 302M
DEV sgi SGI image
D A D shorten Shorten
D A D sipr RealAudio SIPR / ACELP.NET
D A D smackaud Smacker audio
D V D smackvid Smacker video
D V D smc QuickTime Graphics (SMC)
DEV D snow Snow
D A D sol_dpcm DPCM Sol
DEA D sonic Sonic
EA sonicls Sonic lossless
D V D sp5x Sunplus JPEG (SP5X)
DES srt SubRip subtitle
D V D sunrast Sun Rasterfile image
DEV D svq1 Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1
D VSD svq3 Sorenson Vector Quantizer 3 / Sorenson Video 3 / SVQ3
DEV D targa Truevision Targa image
D VSD theora Theora
D V D thp Nintendo Gamecube THP video
D V D tiertexseqvideo Tiertex Limited SEQ video
DEV D tiff TIFF image
D V D tmv 8088flex TMV
D A D truehd TrueHD
D V D truemotion1 Duck TrueMotion 1.0
D V D truemotion2 Duck TrueMotion 2.0
D A D truespeech DSP Group TrueSpeech
D A D tta True Audio (TTA)
D A D twinvq VQF TwinVQ
D V D txd Renderware TXD (TeXture Dictionary) image
D V D ultimotion IBM UltiMotion
D V D utvideo Ut Video
DEV D v210 Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
D V D v210x Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
DEV D v308 Uncompressed packed 4:4:4
DEV D v410 Uncompressed 4:4:4 10-bit
D V vb Beam Software VB
D V D vble VBLE Lossless Codec
D V D vc1 SMPTE VC-1
D V D vc1_vdpau SMPTE VC-1 VDPAU
D V D vc1image Windows Media Video 9 Image v2
D V D vcr1 ATI VCR1
D A D vmdaudio Sierra VMD audio
D V D vmdvideo Sierra VMD video
D V D vmnc VMware Screen Codec / VMware Video
DEA D vorbis Vorbis
D VSD vp3 On2 VP3
D V D vp5 On2 VP5
D V D vp6 On2 VP6
D V D vp6a On2 VP6 (Flash version, with alpha channel)
D V D vp6f On2 VP6 (Flash version)
D V D vp8 On2 VP8
D V D vqavideo Westwood Studios VQA (Vector Quantized Animation) video
D A D wavesynth Wave synthesis pseudo-codec
D A D wavpack WavPack
D A wmalossless Windows Media Audio 9 Lossless
D A D wmapro Windows Media Audio 9 Professional
DEA D wmav1 Windows Media Audio 1
DEA D wmav2 Windows Media Audio 2
D A D wmavoice Windows Media Audio Voice
DEVSD wmv1 Windows Media Video 7
DEVSD wmv2 Windows Media Video 8
D V D wmv3 Windows Media Video 9
D V D wmv3_vdpau Windows Media Video 9 VDPAU
D V D wmv3image Windows Media Video 9 Image
D V D wnv1 Winnov WNV1
D A D ws_snd1 Westwood Audio (SND1)
D A D xan_dpcm DPCM Xan
D V D xan_wc3 Wing Commander III / Xan
D V D xan_wc4 Wing Commander IV / Xxan
D V D xbin eXtended BINary text
D V D xl Miro VideoXL
DES xsub DivX subtitles (XSUB)
DEV D xwd XWD (X Window Dump) image
DEV D y41p Uncompressed YUV 4:1:1 12-bit
D V yop Psygnosis YOP Video
DEV D yuv4 Uncompressed packed 4:2:0
DEV D zlib LCL (LossLess Codec Library) ZLIB
DEV D zmbv Zip Motion Blocks VideoLibrary we use to convert :
public function getAvailableAudioCodecs()
{
return array('libvo_aacenc', 'libfaac', 'libmp3lame');
}By default I use 'libmp3lame' now because 'libfaac' is not supported by ffmpeg
and when Im trying to encode sound by libfaac I'm getting that codec not foundThanks in advance !
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7 Best Marketing Attribution Software in 2024
22 février 2024, par ErinIt can be hard to accurately track the impact of your marketing efforts across marketing channels and campaigns. That’s where marketing attribution software comes in.
It goes beyond basic web analytics solutions that just look at the final click. Instead, it shows how different channels, content, and ads are performing at every step of the buyer’s journey, which gives a more accurate picture than just focusing on the last click.
In this guide, we’ll cover the basics of marketing attribution, list the top marketing attribution software and explain how the issue of privacy is transforming the web analytics industry.
What is marketing attribution ?
Marketing attribution is the process of assigning credit to each touchpoint in a buyer’s journey that leads to a desired action (such as a conversion or sale) in order to understand the effectiveness of various marketing channels and campaigns in influencing the customer’s decision-making process.
Marketers use software tools like website analytics to to track and analyse customer interactions across different touchpoints, allowing them to attribute conversions or sales to specific marketing efforts and optimise their strategies and budgets accordingly.
Why is marketing attribution so important ?
If you don’t track your campaigns correctly, it’s easy to spend thousands (or even millions) in an ineffective way. A 2022 survey by Australian marketing agency Next&Co revealed their clients wasted AU$5.46 billion in ineffective ad spend.
That’s 41% of all the ad spend tracked by Next&Co in 2022. A wasted marketing spend percentage this high isn’t exactly a recipe for a high marketing return on investment (ROI). And yet, it’s the average.
Why is that ?
Most companies don’t actively track the results of their marketing campaigns actively enough.
By improving your marketing attribution, you can determine which channels, ads, and campaigns work and which don’t. Then, you can move the budget from ineffective channels to effective ones.
Even if you can only identify half of your wastage, this could be 20% or more of your total spend. Just imagine what your bottom line would look like if your marketing budget were 20% more effective.
That’s the power that marketing attribution, when done right, brings to the table. It’s the road to a higher marketing ROI.
Common marketing attribution models and how they’re different
The default model for attributing completed goals in most analytics tools is either the last interaction or the last non-direct interaction.
However, some multi-touch models can help you get a more holistic view of the impact of your marketing efforts.
- Last interaction model : attributes the conversion to the final interaction or referring source (campaign or ad).
- Last non-direct interaction model : attributes the conversion to the final touchpoint that was not a direct visit to your website. (For example, if a search ad took them to a product page, the user bookmarked it and returned directly the next day to finish the purchase. The credit would go to the search ad as it’s the last non-direct touchpoint.)
- First interaction model : attributes the conversion to the first referring event alone.
- Linear model : gives equal value to every touchpoint throughout the customer journey.
- Time decay model : gives more value to touchpoints the closer they were to the actual sale.
- Position-based model : gives more value to the first and last touchpoints — often 40% each, while splitting 20% among the rest.
You can read our guide dedicated to marketing attribution models for more details on these models.
Types of marketing attribution software and the impact of privacy regulations
Until recently, digital advertising was the “scientific” advertisers’ utopia. Everything could be measured, with cookies from giants like Google and Facebook stalking every user across the web.
But with the advent of regulations like GDPR and the CCPA, you can no longer blindly trust Google Analytics or the Meta Pixel without consequences.
Multi-channel attribution tools with third-party cookies and GDPR
Google, Meta, and other companies used to track and combine user data from their own platforms and websites across the web that installed their tags. These third-party cookies have long been under fire and have caused several GDPR fines.
The alternative : analytics platforms with first-party cookies
In a post-GDPR digital marketing landscape, a compliant-by-default web analytics platform like Matomo is a more reliable and accurate alternative.
Plus, with a platform like Matomo, you don’t need to rely on data from digital advertising platforms like Facebook Ads and Google Ads. You can accurately track referral sources using our campaign tracking parameters.
7 best marketing attribution software in 2024
Below is the list of our favourite marketing attribution tools in 2024. If you find and use one that suits your needs correctly, you can quickly boost your marketing performance.
1. Matomo — Accurate and easiest to set up for marketing attribution
Matomo is a privacy-friendly web analytics suite that empowers you to accurately attribute marketing efforts and gain valuable insights while prioritising user privacy and compliance.
Matomo integrates with e-commerce platforms like WooCommerce and Magenta. That makes it easy for B2C marketing teams to track the revenue impact of their campaigns.
You can also compare a variety of attribution models against each other. B2B teams can use our API to integrate Matomo with their CRM.
Pros :
- Relies on first-party cookies for tracking, ensuring accurate data collection and attribution of user actions
- Includes additional features like Heatmaps, Session Recordings, Form Analytics, A/B Testing, and more
- Easy to set up and use
- Features most common multi-touch attribution models
Cons :
- Limited to owned channels (website and e-commerce store) due to first-party cookies and data (but you can integrate other data sources through a CRM)
Pricing
The self-hosted version is free. The cloud hosted version starts at $19 per month and includes a 21-day free trial. No credit card requierd.
Try Matomo for Free
Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.
2. WhatConverts — Great option for leads-based businesses with high ad spend
WhatConverts is a marketing attribution tool with a focus on lead tracking. With most web analytics setups, it adds call and text tracking to the typical form-only tracking.
Pros :
- Reliable call and text tracking
- Revenue attribution to specific leads (and, by extension, campaigns and ads)
Cons :
- Focused exclusively on leads — little utility for e-commerce companies
Pricing
The cheapest plan starts at $30/month but does not include analytics integrations or form tracking. To access this and advanced flow tracking and attribution features, you need the Elite plan, which starts at $160/month.
3. HubSpot Marketing Hub — Ideal CRM for larger B2B companies
HubSpot is a marketing CRM with attribution features for tracking and analysis.
The platform is very broad — encompassing CRM, email automation and other tools — which makes it challenging to use effectively. The price tag is also quite steep for smaller companies and marketing teams.
Pros :
- Concretely tracks revenue to multiple different touchpoints and marketing channels
- Includes several different multi-touch attribution models
- Allows offline conversion tracking
Cons :
- The price point is too high for smaller teams
- Cam be difficult to set up effectively
Pricing
Since marketing attribution is only included in HubSpot Marketing Hub’s Professional and Enterprise plans, pricing starts at $800/month (paid annually). If you commit for a year but pay monthly, the price is $890/month for the professional plan. This goes up with additional add-ons and as your contacts increase as well.
4. ActiveCampaign — Good CRM option for small B2B companies
ActiveCampaign is a CRM and marketing automation platform that can help you trace leads and revenue back to their source.
Although it has a similar scope of features to HubSpot, it is more affordable and slightly easier to use for beginners.
Pros :
- Tracks sales revenue back to specific marketing touchpoints
- Powerful marketing automation features
Cons :
- B2B companies may need to purchase two plans, one ActiveCampaign marketing and one CRM.
Pricing
Unlike HubSpot, ActiveCampaign offers a much more affordable plan, starting at $29/month billed annually (for up to 1,000 contacts). The marketing and sales CRM bundle starts at $93/month with up to five users.
5. Salesforce Data Cloud for Marketing — Ideal CRM for enterprises
Salesforce is a robust and feature-rich CRM that many enterprises rely on for their sales teams.
That makes Salesforce’s marketing attribution platform a logical choice for existing Salesforce users.
Pros :
- Uses prospect and sales data from CRM to attribute revenue
- Revenue prediction analytics
- Lead scoring to help your sales team focus on high-value leads
Cons :
- Difficult to set up and use
- Clunky and aged user interface
- Relatively high price point
Pricing
The limited Marketing Cloud Account Engagement Growth plan starts at $1,250/month, billed annually. To access advanced cross-channel journeys, you need the Pro plan, which starts at $2,750 monthly.
6. Terminus — Great for account-based marketing
If your marketing team uses an account-based marketing (ABM) approach, Terminus might be the right option for you.
It offers ABM tools like target account event tracking and revenue attribution tools for your marketing campaigns.
Pros :
- Advanced multi-channel revenue attribution tools with a wide range of reports
- Track intent touchpoints back to target accounts
- Reliable revenue predictions help you focus your marketing activities
Cons :
- Complex and difficult to set up, understand and use effectively
- Lacks native integrations with many common advertising platforms and analytics tools
Pricing
Terminus offers no standard pricing plans. You must contact their sales team for a custom quote based on your needs.
7. Adobe Analytics — An analytics for enterprises
Adobe Analytics is part of the Adobe Experience Cloud, with plenty of big data analysis tools for enterprises. Although the platform is quite powerful, it is equally complex and difficult to use. The price point is also prohibitive for many smaller companies.
Pros :
- Very extensive reporting tools
- Predictive analytics give you solid leading indicator for future campaign performance
- Track multiple digital touchpoints across the entire customer journey
Cons :
- Like Google Analytics, Adobe Analytics aggregates your visitor data by default, making compliant “consent-free tracking” — tracking user actions without asking for consent — impossible according to GDPR. (See more differences in Matomo’s comparison against Adobe Analytics and Google Analytics.)
- Prohibitively expensive for most smaller companies
- Very steep learning curve for setting up and using it correctly
Pricing
Adobe Analytics uses usage-based pricing — which means they adjust the pricing based on the traffic volume to your website. Still, their lower price points aren’t exactly SMB-friendly — multiple sources put Adobe’s lowest starting price point at $2,000–2,500 per month.
Get accurate marketing attribution with Matomo (without privacy concerns)
Matomo allows you to do marketing attribution effectively and accurately without compromising your users’ privacy. By default, we only use first-party cookies and offer consent-free tracking – meaning no more annoying cookie consent banners (excluding in Germany and the UK).
If you want to boost your marketing performance without disregarding your users’ privacy, get started with our 21-day free trial. No credit card required. It’s time to make more informed decisions about your marketing campaigns.
Try Matomo for Free
21 day free trial. No credit card required.
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