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• What is last click attribution ? A beginner’s guide

  10 mars 2024, par Erin

  Imagine you just finished a successful marketing campaign. You reached new highs in campaign revenue. Your conversion was higher than ever. And you did it without dramatically increasing your marketing budget.

  So, you start planning your next campaign with a bigger budget.

  But what do you do ? Where do you invest the extra money ?

  You used several marketing tactics and channels in the last campaign. To solve this problem, you need to track marketing attribution — where you give conversion credit to a channel (or channels) that acted as a touchpoint along the buyer’s journey.

  One of the most popular attribution models is last click attribution.

  In this article, we’ll break down what last click attribution is, its advantages and disadvantages, and examples of how you can use it to gain insights into the marketing strategies driving your growth.

  What is last click attribution ?

  Last click, or last interaction, is a marketing attribution model that seeks to give all credit for a conversion to the final touchpoint in the buyer’s journey. It assumes the customer’s last interaction with your brand (before the sale) was the most influential marketing channel for the conversion decision.

  

  Example of last click attribution

  Let’s say a woman named Jill stumbles across a fitness equipment website through an Instagram ad. She explores the website, looking at a few fitness bands and equipment, but she doesn’t buy anything.

  A few days later, Jill was doing a workout but wished she had equipment to use.

  So, she Googles the name of the company she checked out earlier to take a look at the fitness bands it offers. She’s not sure which one to get, but she signs up for a 10% discount by entering her email.

  A few days later, she sees an ad on Facebook and visits the site but exits before purchasing. 

  The next day, Jill gets an email from the store stating that her discount code is expiring. She clicks on the link, plugs in the discount code, and buys a fitness band for $49.99.

  Under the last click attribution model, the fitness company would attribute full credit for the sale to their email campaign while ignoring all other touchpoints (the Instagram ad, Jill’s organic Google search, and the Facebook ad).

  3 advantages of last click attribution

  Last click attribution is one of the most popular methods to credit a conversion. Here are the primary advantages of using it to measure your marketing efforts :

  

  1. Easiest attribution method for beginners

  If something’s too complicated, many people simply won’t touch it.

  So, when you start diving into attribution, you might want to keep it simple. Fortunately, last click attribution is a wonderful method for beginner marketers to try out. And when you first begin tracking your marketing efforts, it’s one of the easiest methods to grasp. 

  2. It can have more impact on revenue

  Attribution and conversions go hand in hand. But conversions aren’t just about making a sale or generating more revenue. We often need to track the conversions that take place before a sale.

  This could include gaining a new follower on Instagram or capturing an email subscriber with a new lead magnet.

  If you’re trying to attribute why someone converted into a follower or lead, you may want to ditch last click for something else.

  But when you’re looking strictly at revenue-generating conversions, last click can be one of the most impactful methods for giving credit to a conversion.

  3. It helps you understand bottom-of-funnel conversions

  If SEO is your focus, chances are pretty good that you aren’t looking for a direct sale right out of the gate. You likely want to build your authority, inform and educate your audience, and then maybe turn them into a lead.

  However, when your primary focus isn’t generating traffic or leads but turning your leads into customers, then you’re focused on the bottom of your sales funnel.

  Last click can be helpful to use in bottom-of-funnel (BoFu) conversions since it often means following a paid ad or sales email that allows you to convert your warm audience member.

  If you’re strictly after revenue, you may not need to pay as much attention to the person who reads your latest blog post. After they read the article, they may have seen a social media post. And then, maybe they saw your email with a discount to buy now — which converted them into a paying customer.

  3 challenges of last click attribution

  Last click attribution is a simple way to start analysing the channels that impact your conversions. But it’s not perfect.

  Here are a few challenges of last click attribution you should keep in mind :

  

  1. It ignores all other touchpoints

  Last click attribution is a single-touch attribution model. This type of model declares that a single channel gets 100% of the credit for a sale.

  But this can overlook impactful contributions from other channels.

  Multi-touch attribution seeks to give credit to multiple channels for each conversion. This is a more holistic approach.

  2. It fragments the customer journey

  Most customers need a few touchpoints before they’ll make a purchase.

  Maybe it’s reading a blog post via Google, checking out a social media post on Instagram, and receiving a nurture email.

  If you look only at the last touchpoint before a sale, then you ignore the impact of the other channels. This leads to a fragmented customer journey. 

  Imagine this : You tell your marketing leaders that Facebook ads are responsible for your success because they were the last touch for 65% of conversions. So, you pour your entire budget into Facebook ads.

  What happens ?

  Your sales drop by 60% in one month. This happens because you ignored the traffic you were generating from SEO blog posts that led to that conversion — the nurturing that took place in email marketing.

  3. Say goodbye to brand awareness marketing

  Without a brand, you can’t have a sustainable business.

  Some marketing activities, like brand awareness campaigns, are meant to fuel brand awareness to build a business that lasts for years.

  But if you’re going to use last click attribution to measure the effectiveness of your marketing efforts, then you’re going to diminish the impact of brand awareness.

  Your brand, as a whole, has the ability to generate multiples of your current revenue by simply reaching more people and creating unique brand experiences with new audiences.

  Last click attribution can’t easily measure brand awareness activities, which means their importance is often ignored.

  Last click attribution vs. other attribution models

  Last click attribution is just one type of attribution model. Here are five other common marketing attribution models you might want to consider :

  

  First interaction

  We’ve already touched on last click interaction as a marketing attribution model. But one of the most common models does the opposite.

  First interaction, or first touch, gives full credit to the first channel that brought a lead in. 

  First interaction is best used for top-of-funnel (ToFU) conversions, like user acquisition.

  Last non-direct interaction

  A similar model to last click attribution is one called last non-direct interaction. But one major difference is that it excludes all direct traffic from the calculation. Instead, it assigns full conversion credit to the channel that precedes it.

  For instance, let’s say you see someone comes to your website via a Facebook ad but doesn’t purchase. Then one week later, they go directly to your website through a bookmark they saved and they complete a purchase. Instead of giving attribution to the direct traffic touchpoint (entering your site through a saved bookmark), you attribute the conversion to the previous channel.

  In this case, the Facebook ad gets the credit.

  Last non-direct attribution is best used for BoFu conversions.

  Linear

  Another common attribution model is called linear attribution. Here, you split the credit for a conversion equally across every single touchpoint.

  This means if someone clicks on your blog post in Google, TikTok post, email, and a Facebook ad, then the credit for the conversion is equally split between each of these channels.

  This model is helpful for looking at both BoFu and ToFu activities.

  Time decay

  Time decay is an attribution model that more accurately credits conversions across different touchpoints. This means the closer a channel is to a conversion, the more weight is given to it.

  The time decay model assumes that the closer a channel is to a conversion, the greater that channel’s impact is on a sale.

  Position based

  Position-based, also called U-shaped attribution, is an interesting model that gives multiple channels credit for a conversion.

  But it doesn’t give equal credit to channels or weighted credit to the channels closest to the conversion.

  Instead, it gives the most credit to the first and last interactions.

  In other words, it emphasises the conversion of someone to a lead and, eventually, a customer.

  It gives the first and last interaction 40% of the credit for a conversion and then splits the remaining 20% across the other touchpoints in the customer journey.

  If you’re ever unsure about which attribution model to use, with Matomo, you can compare them to determine the one that best aligns with your goals and accurately reflects conversion paths. 

  

  In the above screenshot from Matomo, you can see how last-click compares to first-click and linear models to understand their respective impacts on conversions.

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  Use Matomo to track last click attribution

  If you want to improve your marketing, you need to start tracking your efforts. Without marketing attribution, you will never be certain which marketing activities are pushing your business forward.

  Last click attribution is one of the most popular ways to get started with attribution since it, very simply, gives full credit to the last interaction for a conversion.

  If you want to start tracking last click attribution (or any other previously mentioned attribution model), sign up for Matomo’s 21-day free trial today. No credit card required.

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• Encoding AV1 to h264 error : Assertion pkt failed at D :/code/ffmpeg/src/fftools/ffmpeg_dec.c:518 [closed]

  1er mars 2024, par KyonGiang

  I used below code to convert from AV1 to x264 mp4, and I got error message : "Assertion pkt failed at D :/code/ffmpeg/src/fftools/ffmpeg_dec.c:518"

  


  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v h264_nvenc -c:a copy output.mp4 


  


  

  • I'm using Windows 10 64b, Command Prompt, ffmpeg version 2024-01-20-git-6c4388b468-full_build-www.gyan.dev

  


  


  I removed h264_nvenc, Run as Administrator but the result is same.

  


  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v -c:a copy output.mp4

  


• Node 18 or Node 20 break ffmpeg (in google cloud functions -> ffprobe was killed with signal SIGSEGV)

  10 janvier 2024, par user20206929

  Please see below, the code is working on node js 16, but not when upgrading to node 18 or 20.

  


  const ffmpeg = require("fluent-ffmpeg");

// Following is inside a .https.onRequest Google Cloud function with enough memory

try {
  const duration = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
  ffmpeg.ffprobe(videoUrl, async (err, metadata) => {
    if (err) {
      if (res.headersSent) {
        console.error("Response already sent");
        return;
      } else {
        console.log("Metadata:", metadata);
        console.log("err: " + err);
        res.status(400).send("Error getting video metadata");
        return;
      }
    }
  const duration = metadata.format.duration;
  console.log("video duration in second: " + duration);
  resolve(duration);
  });
});
  videoDuration = await duration;
} catch (err) {
  console.log(err);
  throw err;
}


  


  When upgrading to node 18/20 (No other change than upgrading node), the error "ffprobe not found" appears.

  


  But setting the path manually using ffmpeg.setFfprobePath(ffprobePath) ;
trigger the error : Error : ffprobe was killed with signal SIGSEGV

  


  So it seem its a permissions issue.

  


  However, I tried a lot of different solutions, none of them made this work.
For instance i tried to download manually the ffprobe from the official website https://ffbinaries.com/downloads. Then manually add it to the code.

  


  I tried to use https://www.npmjs.com/package/@ffprobe-installer/ffprobe or others package like https://www.npmjs.com/package/ffprobe-static

  


  I also tried to download the ffprobe file to the temporary folder of google cloud, and change the permission of this folder.

  


  All of those was doing the same error.

  


  None of what i could think of made any difference.

  


  Please help because i need to update node 16 to 18 or 20 before google remove node 16 on january 31 2024 and for now i don't see a solution.

  


  I also looked for other solution to get this duration from a video file url, but using ffmpeg seem to be the only one that should work out of the box. As it is working on node 16.

  


  Thank you,

  


  UPDATE - 11/26/2023

  


  GCP Functions NodeJS 16 runtime uses Ubuntu 18.04 with FFMpeg installed.
NodeJS 18/20 use Ubuntu 22.04, and Google decided not to include FFMpeg.

  


  https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/runtime-support#node.js
https://cloud.google.com/functions/docs/reference/system-packages

  


  No workaround or solutions found as of now

  


  UPDATE - 01/10/2024

  


  Google added back ffmpeg to latest version, this is working as before now.