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• Convert RAW images to BMP format

  3 juin 2021, par Tina J

  I received a .raw frame format (here is a sample) which contains the raw pixel values of a frame. And I've been told I can convert it to an image (.bmp or .png) using FFMpeg using following command. However, when trying, it doesn't work.

  


  dd bs=16 dumpB4EncodeHLSAfterEncodeBuf1200IP_TS/dumpedYuv/image-1140.raw |  ffmpeg -f rawvideo -video_size 2160 2160 -pixel_format nv12 -i - yuv.bmp


  


  What is the problem ? Is there any ways to avoid use of dd and purely do it from FFmpeg ?

  


  Here is the error :

  


  dd: unrecognized operand ‘frame.raw’
Try 'dd --help' for more information.
ffmpeg version 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 7 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.2 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librubberband --enable-librsvg --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencv --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
pipe:: Invalid data found when processing input


  


  And if I use ffmpeg directly :

  


  ffmpeg -video_size 2160x2160 -pixel_format nv12 -i frame.raw yuv.bmp


  


  I will get this error :

  


  ffmpeg version 3.4.8-0ubuntu0.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 7 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.2 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librubberband --enable-librsvg --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libopencv --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
  libavcodec     57.107.100 / 57.107.100
  libavformat    57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
  libavdevice    57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
  libavfilter     6.107.100 /  6.107.100
  libavresample   3.  7.  0 /  3.  7.  0
  libswscale      4.  8.100 /  4.  8.100
  libswresample   2.  9.100 /  2.  9.100
  libpostproc    54.  7.100 / 54.  7.100
[image2 @ 0x5605e52bb4c0] Format image2 detected only with low score of 5, misdetection possible!
Input #0, image2, from 'frame.raw':
  Duration: 00:00:00.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1244160 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Video: rawvideo (NV12 / 0x3231564E), nv12, 2160x2160, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (rawvideo (native) -> bmp (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[rawvideo @ 0x5605e52bea00] Invalid buffer size, packet size 6220800 < expected frame_size 6998400
Error while decoding stream #0:0: Invalid argument
Finishing stream 0:0 without any data written to it.
Output #0, image2, to 'yuv.bmp':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf57.83.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: bmp, bgr24, 2160x2160, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc57.107.100 bmp
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:00.00 bitrate=N/A speed=   0x
video:0kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Output file is empty, nothing was encoded (check -ss / -t / -frames parameters if used)
Conversion failed!


  


• Combining three or more videos with ffmpeg and the xfade filter

  25 février 2021, par sil

  As of 2020 ffmpeg has the xfade filter which can combine videos with a transition. Combining two videos is easy enough :

  


  ffmpeg -i vid1.mp4 -i vid2.mp4 \
  -filter_complex [0][1]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=4,format=yuv420p" \
  out.mp4


  


  But I don't understand how to combine three videos (so that v1 fades into v2 and v2 then fades into v3. I tried something like this :

  


  ffmpeg -i vid1.mp4 -i vid2.mp4 -i vid3.mp4 \
  -filter_complex [0][1]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=4,format=yuv420p[0n1];[0n1][2]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=9,format=yuv420p" \
  out.mp4


  


  but that doesn't work. My idea was that 0 and 1, or vid1 and vid2, would be combined into a [0n1] stream with a transition by xfade, and then that 0n1 stream could be combined with vid3 with another filter. As far as I can tell, this includes the first two videos but not the third. What this of course means is that I don't understand how to specify a filtergraph correctly !

  


  How should I use xfade to combine 3 or more videos with transitions between them ?

  


  A full example is as follows. Here I'll use three images (because then issues with combining videos at different frame rates are avoided), and smash them all to 500x500 for ease (in the final version they would be letterboxed to keep resolution and so on).

  


  ffmpeg \
  -loop 1 -t 5 -i tests/p1.jpg \
  -loop 1 -t 5 -i tests/p2.jpg \
  -loop 1 -t 5 -i tests/p3.jpg \
  -filter_complex "[0]scale=500:500[s0];[1]scale=500:500[s1];[2]scale=500:500[s2];[s0][s1]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=4,format=yuv420p[s01];[s01][s2]xfade=transition=pixelize:duration=1:offset=9,format=yuv420p" out.mp4


  


  I would expect this to create a video which was :

  


  

  • 4 seconds of p1.jpg

  


  • a pixelise transition into p2.jpg lasting 1 second

  


  • 4 seconds of p2.jpg

  


  • a pixelise transition into p3.jpg lasting 1 second

  


  • 4 seconds of p3.jpg

  


  


  but what I actually get is

  


  

  • 4 seconds of p1.jpg

  


  • a pixelise transition into p2.jpg lasting 1 second

  


  • 4 seconds of p2.jpg

  


  


  and then the video ends. p3 is not included at all.

  


  The output is as follows :

  


  ffmpeg version N-53546-g5eb4405fc5-static https://johnvansickle.com/ffmpeg/  Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-debug --disable-ffplay --disable-indev=sndio --disable-outdev=sndio --cc=gcc --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-gmp --enable-libgme --enable-gray --enable-libaom --enable-libfribidi --enable-libass --enable-libvmaf --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libdav1d --enable-libxvid --enable-libzvbi --enable-libzimg
  libavutil      56. 56.100 / 56. 56.100
  libavcodec     58. 97.100 / 58. 97.100
  libavformat    58. 49.100 / 58. 49.100
  libavdevice    58. 11.101 / 58. 11.101
  libavfilter     7. 87.100 /  7. 87.100
  libswscale      5.  8.100 /  5.  8.100
  libswresample   3.  8.100 /  3.  8.100
  libpostproc    55.  8.100 / 55.  8.100
Input #0, image2, from 'tests/p1.jpg':
  Duration: 00:00:00.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 44845 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj444p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 820x1270 [SAR 150:150 DAR 82:127], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
Input #1, image2, from 'tests/p2.jpg':
  Duration: 00:00:00.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 22325 kb/s
    Stream #1:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj420p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 960x600 [SAR 1:1 DAR 8:5], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
Input #2, image2, from 'tests/p3.jpg':
  Duration: 00:00:00.04, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 15266 kb/s
    Stream #2:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj420p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 728x669 [SAR 96:96 DAR 728:669], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
File 'out.mp4' already exists. Overwrite? [y/N] y
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 (mjpeg) -> scale
  Stream #1:0 (mjpeg) -> scale
  Stream #2:0 (mjpeg) -> scale
  format -> Stream #0:0 (libx264)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0x8228040] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0x8258640] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0x827df40] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0x829f800] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0x82c13c0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0x82e8340] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] using SAR=82/127
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] profile High, level 3.0, 4:2:0, 8-bit
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] 264 - core 161 r3018 db0d417 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2020 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'out.mp4':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf58.49.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 500x500 [SAR 82:127 DAR 82:127], q=-1--1, 25 fps, 12800 tbn, 25 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.97.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
frame=  101 fps=100 q=28.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:01.92 bitrate=   0.2kbits/s speed=[swscaler @ 0x8291d80] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
    Last message repeated 2 times
[swscaler @ 0x82b3000] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
    Last message repeated 2 times
[swscaler @ 0x82fc200] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
    Last message repeated 2 times
frame=  153 fps=101 q=28.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:04.00 bitrate=   0.1kbits/s speed=[swscaler @ 0x82fc200] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
    Last message repeated 2 times
frame=  225 fps=111 q=28.0 size=     256kB time=00:00:06.88 bitrate= 304.9kbits/s dup=0 frame=  225 fps= 95 q=-1.0 Lsize=     267kB time=00:00:08.88 bitrate= 245.9kbits/s dup=0 drop=125 speed=3.74x    
video:263kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 1.293847%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] frame I:2     Avg QP:21.03  size: 19928
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] frame P:66    Avg QP:21.18  size:  2453
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] frame B:157   Avg QP:29.72  size:   427
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] consecutive B-frames:  5.3%  4.4%  1.3% 88.9%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] mb I  I16..4: 29.0% 27.8% 43.2%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] mb P  I16..4: 10.8%  3.2%  7.5%  P16..4:  2.6%  0.9%  0.3%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:74.8%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] mb B  I16..4:  1.1%  0.5%  1.6%  B16..8:  1.0%  0.5%  0.1%  direct: 0.3%  skip:94.9%  L0:37.4% L1:43.5% BI:19.1%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] 8x8 transform intra:16.5% inter:55.3%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 31.4% 71.7% 31.8% inter: 1.1% 1.4% 0.1%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] i16 v,h,dc,p: 45% 46%  9%  1%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 25% 30% 27%  6%  1%  1%  2%  1%  7%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 56% 31%  9%  1%  1%  1%  1%  1%  1%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] i8c dc,h,v,p: 46% 27% 23%  4%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] Weighted P-Frames: Y:10.6% UV:7.6%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] ref P L0: 61.9% 17.1% 13.9%  6.8%  0.3%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] ref B L0: 76.3% 22.8%  0.9%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] ref B L1: 97.6%  2.4%
[libx264 @ 0x77b7600] kb/s:238.88


  


• How to fix grainy recoding with ffmpeg mp4 x264 ?

  21 mars 2020, par teenserie

  I recorded the audio and video stream from a streaming with ffmpeg. when I go to re-encode the file using libx264, the video in the movements looks bad and grainy as in the image.
  Where did I go wrong ?

  

  this is the code I used

  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -c:v libx264 -c:a aac output.mp4

  and these are mediainfo of original file

      Metadata:
  
      major_brand     : isom
  
      minor_version   : 1
  
      compatible_brands: isom
  
      creation_time   : 2020-03-19T22:43:32.000000Z
  
    Duration: 00:39:51.99, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1300 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 1280x1080 [SAR 3:2 DAR 16:9], Closed Captions, 1268 kb/s, 59.94 fps, 59.94 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        handler_name    : VideoHandler
  
      Stream #0:1(spa): Audio: aac (HE-AACv2) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 22 kb/s (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        handler_name    : SoundHandler

  mediainfo of the file recoded

   Metadata:
  
      major_brand     : isom
  
      minor_version   : 512
  
      compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
  
      encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
  
    Duration: 00:39:51.99, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 7924 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], Closed Captions, 7892 kb/s, 59.94 fps, 59.94 tbr, 60k tbn, 119.88 tbc (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        handler_name    : VideoHandler
  
      Stream #0:1(spa): Audio: aac (HE-AACv2) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 22 kb/s (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        handler_name    : SoundHandler

  How can I recode the file without loss of quality ? (sorry for my poor english)