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• Aspect ratio problems at transcoding with ffmpeg [closed]

  19 novembre 2023, par udippel

  I have a huge collection of videos from the last 20+ years, videos in all sorts of formats. I use gerbera as open source UPnP-AV media server. Our TV handles only very limited of these formats. Therefore I use the transcoding feature of gerbera (I don't want to convert the 2000+ files ; thereby avoiding loss of multiple audio tracks, (multiple) subtitles, and so forth).

  


  This is my current unified argument line for ffmpeg :
-c:v mpeg2video -maxrate 20000k -vf setdar=16/9 -r 24000/1001 -qscale:v 4 -top 1 -c:a mp2 -f mpeg -y
It works pretty okay, except of the aspect ratios. Well, I don't understand this fully, because ffprobe for File A states :
Stream #0:0: Video: mpeg4 (Simple Profile) (XVID / 0x44495658), yuv420p, 624x464 [SAR 1:1 DAR 39:29], 1500 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
This file displays very well.
File B comes as :
Stream #0:0(eng): Video: h264 (High), yuv420p(tv, bt709, progressive), 960x720, SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3, 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbr, 1k tbn, 180k tbc (default)
This file displays horribly squeezed vertically and doesn't fill the screen left and right neither, with the same settings of the TV. Also, playing this file (and others, naturally) the TV doesn't offer the 14:9 display option, which is available e.g. for the file further up.

  


  Both have same SAR, DAR, almost identical H:V ratios (1.345, 1.333) ; and almost identical DAR.

  


  My questions :

  


  

  1. Why, despite of almost identical pixel ratios, DAR and SAR are these files handled so differently in one and the same session on the same TV (SONY), please ?

  


  2. With which method could I instruct ffmpeg to display the second file properly, too, please ?
(I have already tried 'scale' ; but to no avail. Which could have been foreseen, since the ratios are already very close.)
My guess is, that the (tv, bt709, progressive) mess things up.
(I have already tried to add the yuv420p in the argument line, also to no avail.)

  


  


  Appreciate any help,

  


  Uwe

  


  I have already tried to add a 'scale' option ; but to no avail. Which could have been foreseen, since the ratios are already very close.
I have already tried to add the yuv420p in the argument line, also to no avail.
I have already tried force_original_aspect_ratio, but also here, nothing improving.
Also, I played with -aspect, but the aspects are okay, and would need individual corrections, which I can't and don't to do for 2000+ files. A simple 16:9 doesn't cut it.

  


• A Quick Start Guide to the Payment Services Directive (PSD2)

  22 novembre 2024, par Daniel Crough — Banking and Financial Services, Privacy

  In 2023, there were 266.2 billion real-time payments indicating that the demand for secure transactions has never been higher. As we move towards a more open banking system, there are a host of new payment solutions that offer convenience and efficiency, but they also present new risks.

  The Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) is one of many regulations established to address these concerns. PSD2 is a European Union (EU) business initiative to offer smooth payment experiences while helping customers feel safe from online threats. 

  In this post, learn what PSD2 includes, how it improves security for online payments, and how Matomo supports banks and financial institutions with PSD2 compliance.

  What is PSD2 ? 

  PSD2 is an EU directive that aims to improve the security of electronic payments across the EU. It enforces strong customer authentication and allows third-party access to consumer accounts with explicit consent. 

  Its main objectives are :

  • Strengthening security and data privacy measures around digital payments.
  • Encouraging innovation by allowing third-party providers access to banking data.
  • Improving transparency with clear communication regarding fees, terms and conditions associated with payment services.
  • Establishing a framework for sharing customer data securely through APIs for PSD2 open banking.

  Rationale behind PSD2 

  PSD2’s primary purpose is to engineer a more integrated and efficient European payment market without compromising the security of online transactions. 

  The original directive aimed to standardise payment services across EU member states, but as technology evolved, an updated version was needed.

  PSD2 is mandatory for various entities within the European Economic Area (EEA), like :

  • Banks and credit institutions
  • Electronic money institutions or digital banks like Revolut
  • Card issuing and acquiring institutions
  • Fintech companies
  • Multi-national organisations operating in the EU

  PSD2 implementation timeline

  With several important milestones, PSD2 has reshaped how payment services work in Europe. Here’s a closer look at the pivotal events that paved the way for its launch.

  • 2002 : The banking industry creates the European Payments Council (EC), which drives the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA) initiative to include non-cash payment instruments across European regions. 
  • 2007 : PSD1 goes into effect.
  • 2013 : EC proposes PSD2 to include protocols for upcoming payment services.
  • 2015 : The Council of European Union passes PSD2 and gives member states two years to incorporate it.
  • 2018 : PSD2 goes into effect. 
  • 2019 : The final deadline for all companies within the EU to comply with PSD2’s regulations and rules for strong customer authentication. 

  PSD2 : Key components 

  PSD2 introduces several key components. Let’s take a look at each one.

  Strong Customer Authentication (SCA)

  The Regulatory Technical Standards (RTS) under PSD2 outline specific requirements for SCA. 

  SCA requires multi-factor authentication for online transactions. When customers make a payment online, they need to verify their identity using at least two of the three following elements :

  • Knowledge : Something they know (like a password, a code or a secret answer)
  • Possession : Something they have (like their phone or card)
  • Inherence : Something they are (like biometrics — fingerprints or facial features)

  

  Before SCA, banks verified an individual’s identity only using a password. This dual verification allows only authorised users to complete transactions. SCA implementation reduces fraud and increases the security of electronic payments.

  SCA implementation varies for different payment methods. Debit and credit cards use the 3D Secure (3DS) protocol. E-wallets and other local payment measures often have their own SCA-compliant steps. 

  3DS is an extra step to authenticate a customer’s identity. Most European debit and credit card companies implement it. Also, in case of fraudulent chargebacks, the issuing bank becomes liable due to 3DS, not the business. 

  However, in SCA, certain transactions are exempt : 

  • Low-risk transactions : A transaction by an issuer or an acquirer whose fraud level is below a specific threshold. If the acquirer feels that a transaction is low risk, they can request to skip SCA. 
  • Low-value transactions : Transactions under €30.
  • Trusted beneficiaries : Trusted merchants customers choose to safelist.
  • Recurring payments : Recurring transactions for a fixed amount are exempt from SCA after the first transaction.

  Third-party payment service providers (TPPs) framework

  TPPs are entities authorised to access customer banking data and initiate payments. There are three types of TPPs :

  Account Information Service Providers (AISPs)

  AISPs are services that can view customers’ account details, but only with their permission. For example, a budgeting app might use AISP services to gather transaction data from a user’s bank account, helping them monitor expenses and oversee finances. 

  Payment Initiation Service Providers (PISPs)

  PISPs enable clients to initiate payments directly from their bank accounts, bypassing the need for conventional payment options such as debit or credit cards. After the customer makes a payment, PISPs immediately contact the merchant to ensure the user can access the online services or products they bought. 

  Card-Based Payment Instruments (CBPII)

  CBPIIs refer to services that issue payment cards linked to customer accounts. 

  Requirements for TPPs

  To operate effectively under PSD2, TPPs must meet several requirements :

  Consumer consent : Customers must explicitly authorise TPPs to retrieve their financial data. This way, users can control who can view their information and for what purpose.

  Security compliance : TPPs must follow SCA and secure communication guidelines to protect users from fraud and unauthorised access.

  API availability : Banks must make their Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) accessible and allow TPPs to connect securely with the bank’s systems. This availability helps in easy integration and lets TPPs access essential data. 

  Consumer protection methods

  PSD2 implements various consumer protection measures to increase trust and transparency between consumers and financial institutions. Here’s a closer look at some of these key methods :

  • Prohibition of unjustified fees : PSD2 requires banks to clearly communicate any additional charges or fees for international transfers or account maintenance. This ensures consumers are fully aware of the actual costs and charges.
  • Timely complaint resolution : PSD2 mandates that payment service providers (PSPs) have a straightforward complaint procedure. If a customer faces any problems, the provider must respond within 15 business days. This requirement encourages consumers to engage more confidently with financial services.
  • Refund in case of unauthorised payment : Customers are entitled to a full refund for payments made without their consent.
  • Surcharge ban : Additional charges on credit and debit card payments aren’t allowed. Businesses can’t impose extra fees on these payment methods, which increases customers’ purchasing power.

  Benefits of PSD2 

  Businesses — particularly those in banking, fintech, finserv, etc. — stand to benefit from PSD2 in several ways.

  Access to customer data

  With customer consent, banks can analyse spending patterns to develop tailored financial products that match customer needs, from personalised savings accounts to more relevant loan offerings.

  Innovation and cost benefits 

  PSD2 opened payment processing up to more market competition. New payment companies bring fresh approaches to banking services, making daily transactions more efficient while driving down processing fees across the sector.

  Also, banks now work alongside payment technology providers, combining their strengths to create better services. This collaboration brings faster payment options to businesses, helping them stay competitive while reducing operational costs.

  Improved customer trust and experience

  Due to PSD2 guidelines, modern systems handle transactions quickly without compromising the safety of payment data, creating a balanced approach to digital banking.

  

  Banking customers now have more control over their financial information. Clear processes allow consumers to view and adjust their financial preferences as needed.

  Strong security standards form the foundation of these new payment systems. Payment provider platforms must adhere to strict regulations and implement additional protection measures.

  Challenges in PSD2 compliance 

  What challenges can banks and financial institutions face regarding PSD2 compliance ? Let’s examine them. 

  Resource requirements

  For many businesses, the new requirements come with a high price tag. PSD2 requires banks and fintechs to build and update their systems so that other providers can access customer data safely. For example, they must develop APIs to allow TPPs to acquire customer data. 

  Many banks still use older systems that can’t meet PSD2’s added requirements. In addition to the cost of upgrades, complying with PSD2 requires banks to devote resources to training staff and monitoring compliance.

  The significant costs required to update legacy systems and IT infrastructure while keeping services running remain challenging.

  Risks and penalties

  Organisations that fail to comply with PSD2 regulations can face significant penalties.

  Additionally, the overlapping requirements of PSD2 and other regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), can create confusion. 

  Banks need clear agreements with TPPs about who’s responsible when things go wrong. This includes handling data breaches, preventing data misuse and protecting customer information. 

  Increased competition 

  Introducing new players in the financial ecosystem, such as AISPs and PISPs, creates competition. Banks must adapt their services to stay competitive while managing compliance costs.

  PSD2 aims to protect customers but the stronger authentication requirements can make banking less convenient. Banks must balance security with user experience. Focused time, effort and continuous monitoring are needed for businesses to stay compliant and competitive.

  How Matomo can help 

  Matomo gives banks and financial institutions complete control over their data through privacy-focused web analytics, keeping collected information internal rather than being used for marketing or other purposes. 

  Its advanced security setup includes access controls, audit logs, SSL encryption, single sign-on and two-factor authentication. This creates a secure environment where sensitive data remains accessible only to authorised staff.

  While prioritizing privacy, Matomo provides tools to understand user flow and customer segments, such as session recordings, heatmaps and A/B testing.

  Financial institutions particularly benefit from several key features : 

  • Tools for obtaining explicit consent before processing personal data like this Do Not Track preference
  • Insights into how financial institutions integrate TPPs (including API usage, user engagement and potential authentication drop-off points)
  • Tracking of failed login attempts or unusual access patterns
  • IP anonymization to analyse traffic patterns and detect potential fraud

  

  PSD3 : The next step 

  In recent years, we have seen the rise of innovative payment companies and increasingly clever fraud schemes. This has prompted regulators to propose updates to payment rules.

  PSD3’s scope is to adapt to the evolving digital transformation and to better handle these fraud risks. The proposed measures : 

  • Encourage PSPs to share fraud-related information.
  • Make customers aware of the different types of fraud.
  • Strengthen customer authentication standards.
  • Provide non-bank PSPs restricted access to EU payment systems. 
  • Enact payment rules in a directly applicable regulation and harmonise and enforce the directive.

  Web analytics that respect user privacy 

  Achieving compliance with PSD2 may be a long road for some businesses. With Matomo, organisations can enjoy peace of mind knowing their data practices align with legal requirements.

  Ready to stop worrying over compliance with regulations like PSD2 and take control of your data ? Start your 21-day free trial with Matomo.

• Increasing Website Traffic : 11 Tips To Attract Visitors

  25 août 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips, Marketing

  For your website and business to succeed, you need to focus on building traffic.

  However, you aren’t the only one with that goal in mind.

  There are millions of other websites trying to increase their traffic as well. With that much competition, it’s important to make sure your website stands out. Accomplishing that can require a great deal of strategy.

  We’ve compiled a list of tips to help you develop a solid plan for increasing website traffic, to expand your reach, grow your audience and boost customer engagement levels — creating more opportunities for your business.Using these tips, more visitors will find their way to your website — meaning more customers for your business.

  Why is website traffic important ?

  Website traffic is essentially the number of people visiting your website. When someone lands on your site, they’re considered a visitor and increase your website traffic. 

  When your website traffic is high, you’ll get more clicks, customer interactions and brand engagement. As a result, search engines will have a positive impression of your website and send more people there, meaning even more people will see your content and have the opportunity to buy your product.

  When using a website for your business or any other venture, tracking your website traffic using a web analytics solution like Matomo is critical.

  

  With over 200 million actively maintained and visited websites in 2023, it’s important to make sure yours stands out if you want to increase your website traffic and grow your online presence. 

  11 tips for increasing website traffic

  Here are 11 tips to increase your organic traffic and elevate your business.

  1. Perfect your SEO

  Optimising your website to show up in search engine results shouldn’t be overlooked, as 63% of consumers start researching a product by using a search engine. Search engine optimisation, or SEO, increases the visibility and discoverability of your website on search engine results pages (SERPs). SEO targets organic searches, which means it doesn’t add to social media traffic, direct traffic or referrals, and it isn’t paid traffic.

  SEO is number one on this list for a reason — most of these tips will directly, or indirectly, improve your SEO efforts. 

  Steps to improve your search engine optimisation can include :

  • Using relevant keywords that are incorporated naturally throughout your content
  • Using a web analytics tool like Matomo, with its search keyword feature, to gain insights and identify opportunities for improvement
  • Using descriptive meta titles and meta descriptions
  • Link to your own content internally with descriptive anchor tags, and make sure unused pages are removed 
  • Keeping your target audience in mind and marketing your content toward them
  • Making sure your website’s structure is optimised to be mobile-friendly, fast and responsive — such as with Matomo’s SEO Web Vitals feature, which monitors key metrics like your website’s page speed and loading performance, pivotal for optimising search engine results

  2. Research the competition

  It’s important to remember that while your business might be unique, it’s likely not the only one in its field. Thousands of other websites from other companies are also looking to improve their website traffic and increase sales, and you have to outcompete them.

  Looking at what your competitors are doing is vital from a strategic perspective. You can see what their content looks like, how they’re framing their specific use cases and what target audience they’re marketing toward.

  Knowing what your competitors are doing can help you find ways to improve your content and make it unique. Are your competitors missing a specific use case or neglecting a particular audience ? Fill in their content gaps on your website, and pick up the traffic they’re missing.

  3. Create high-quality, evergreen content

  If your content is high-quality, visitors will read more of it and stay longer on your site. This obviously increases the likelihood they will purchase your product or service, and it tells search engines that your website is a good answer for a search query.

  High-quality content will also be shared more often, leading to even more website traffic. You should aim to develop content that doesn’t lose relevance over time (aka “evergreen content”). If you include time-sensitive data, statistics or content in your website, blog posts or articles, it’ll be relevant only around that time frame. 

  While this month’s viral content is highly popular, it likely won’t be relevant in a few months. Instead, if you ensure your content is evergreen, it will continue to get engagement long after it’s published.

  4. Implement creative visuals

  It’s important to have engaging, fun and interactive media on your website to keep visitors on your site longer. Like good content, interesting visuals (and the resulting longer visits) can translate to more purchases (and favourable assessments by search engines).

  

  Media can take the form of videos, infographics, images or web graphics. 

  With Matomo’s Media Analytics feature, you can automatically gain even deeper insights into how your visitors engage with your media content, enhancing your understanding of their preferences and behaviours.

  If you have interesting, captivating visuals, visitors will be more likely to stay on your website longer and see what you have to offer. Without captivating visuals to break up walls of text, you’ll likely find visitors will tend to leave your site in favour of something more engaging.

  Just make sure you design your visuals with your target audience in mind. Flashy, fun graphics might not be a good fit for a professional audience, but they’re great for younger audiences. If you get your audience correct, they may also share the images with others. Depending on your business, that might be a useful infographic shared across LinkedIn, or a picture of a clever use case shared on Pinterest. 

  As a bonus, if other companies use your graphics on their websites, that earns you some backlinks — more on those in a bit.

  5. Create a comprehensive knowledge base

  Having a knowledge base is critical to making sure your service or product is well understood and well documented, especially in the tech industry. If a visitor or potential customer is interested in your product or service, they need to know exactly what it will do for them and that they have a good foundation of support in case they need help. A knowledge base is also a good place for internal links (more on those in a bit).

  Visitors can also use your knowledge base as a source of information, and if they cite you as a source, that’ll lead right back to more website traffic for you (see our backlinks section for more about this). If your website is a good source of information, visitors will come back to it again and again.

  6. Use social media often and consistently

  Digital marketing nowadays heavily relies on social media platforms. Having an online presence no longer means just having a website — if you’re not using social media sites, you’re missing out on a huge portion of potential visitors and customers.

  A strong social media presence with profiles on platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram or LinkedIn can be invaluable for increasing your website traffic. Visitors to your social media profiles will click on regularly shared content, read your blog posts and possibly become customers.

  Participating in relevant communities and networking with other companies in groups in your industry can also be invaluable. If you participate in online communities and forums for your niche, you can offer insight, answer questions and plug your website. All of this will increase your clicks, which will increase your website traffic.

  If you’ve managed to build your own community on social media, make sure to keep them engaged ! Implementing your own forum, hosting live chats and Q&As, offering helpful and engaging content will make sure visitors keep coming back and spreading the word. 

  7. Use email marketing or newsletters

  Having an email list and sending marketing emails or newsletters is a great way to increase website traffic. You can offer exclusive content, and promise discounts or resources to your subscribers for when they return to your website. This will help keep your loyal audience engaged, entice new customers to subscribe to your newsletter, give you a chance to upsell to people who have already expressed an interest in your product and potentially convert curious subscribers into customers.

  8. Make sure your content can earn backlinks

  A backlink is when a website links to a different website — ideally using relevant anchor text — and it’s an effective strategy for increasing referral traffic, that is, visitors who get to your website via a link on another website. The more backlinks you have, the more your referral traffic will increase. Social share buttons make it easy for people to cite you on social platforms, too. 

  We’ve already talked about making expert content that’s link-worthy, but also make sure that you’re creating linkable assets (like those interesting visuals mentioned earlier), building relationships with other sites that will link to you (like by inviting an expert or influencer to write on your page and promote it from their platform, or by writing your own guest content for their sites) and sharing your own content. All of this can help increase your referral traffic, particularly when you’re linked from websites with a higher domain authority than you have.

  You can also make sure your website is listed in online directories. Some sites will do interviews and roundups, as well — these are great opportunities to increase your backlinks.

  9. Optimise your CTR

  Click-through rate, or CTR, is the percentage of users who click on specific links to your website. A high CTR means your visitors are following a link — whether in an advertisement, a search result or a social media post — and a low CTR means they’re passing it by. Optimising your CTR can greatly improve your website traffic.

  To improve CTR, identify successful elements such as copy, imagery, and offers in your ads, enabling you to amplify effective elements and minimise less impactful ones.

  10. Ensure your website is responsive and mobile-friendly

  If a visitor is frustrated by your site being slow, laggy, clunky or not mobile-friendly, they won’t stay long. That doesn’t look good to search engines if that’s how your visitors got there. Your website needs to be clean, responsive, user-friendly and accessible.

  If your website is slow, try increasing your website’s performance by :

  • Optimising images : Reduce the size of images and compress them for faster load times. Opt for JPEG format for photos and PNG format for graphics. 
  • Limit the use of plugins : If you are using a CMS like WordPress, consider removing plugins that are unnecessary or not essential.
  • Embrace lazy loading : To further enhance site speed and reduce initial load times, set up your site to load images and content only as visitors scroll down. Prioritising the content and images at the top of the page makes the site feel faster. Some CMS platforms will offer this option, but others may require a bit of coding to set this up. 

  Many people rely on their phones to research services or products, especially if they’re doing a quick search. Make sure your website is friendly to mobile users. It should scale vertically and scroll smoothly so users aren’t frustrated when using your site. They should be able to find the info they need immediately without any technical issues.

  11. Track your website’s metrics

  As you test out each of these strategies to increase your web traffic, don’t forget to closely analyse the performance of your site. To truly understand the impact of your efforts, you’ll need a reliable web analytics solution. Think of a dependable web analytics solution as your website’s GPS. Without it, you’d be lost, unsure of your direction and missing out on valuable insights to steer your growth.

  Matomo is a powerful web analytics tool that can help you do just that by providing information on your site visitors and campaign performance, complemented by an array of behavioural analytics features that delve into user interactions. Among these, our heatmap feature stands out, enabling greater insights into user interactions and optimisation of your site’s effectiveness.

  

  Google Analytics is another powerful analytics option, though it has challenges with data accuracy ; there are multiple other web analytics solutions as well.

  Regardless of what web analytics solution you choose, the process of analysing your website metrics is incredibly important for identifying areas of improvement to increase website traffic.

  Increasing your web traffic is a process

  Increasing website traffic isn’t something you accomplish overnight. It’s a comprehensive, ongoing endeavour that requires constant analysis and fine-tuning. 

  By applying these tips to create consistent, high-quality content that gets spotlighted on search engines, shared on social media and returned to again and again, you’ll see a steady stream of increased traffic. 

  With Matomo, you can understand your visitor behaviour to see what works and what doesn’t as you work to increase your website traffic. Get your free 21-day trial now. No credit card required.