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• FFMPEG equalizer clipping audio despite low volume

  23 juillet 2023, par Tom

  I'm using ffmpeg to equalise audio transferred from historic gramophone records, using standard eqs of the era.

  


  The frequency and gain values are taken from the graphic eq settings listed on the Audacity website - https://plugins.audacityteam.org/additional-resources/eq-curves/playback-equalization-for-78-rpm-shellacs-and-early-33-lps

  


  An example of the Blumlien300 curve here - https://2850314611-files.gitbook.io/ /files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FklCVENFte0GRy5IqVz0W%2Fuploads%2FJHS6Mv121GX1h898xy4K%2FBlumlein300_3.2.2.txt?alt=media&token=8d04df05-366d-47f8-8c82-149fa5eda59a

  


  The audio file I'm testing with has a digital peak of -35db, the highest gain value applied on this eq is 17db. When I run the ffmpeg command though, it reports the audio is clipping and the result is a horribly distorted recording.

  


  Can anyone advise why this is happening ? I run the same file through the same eq settings in Audacity and the result is as expected.

  


  set eq="equalizer=f=22050:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=21203.720228928225:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=20389.920705063967:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=19607.354835383569:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=18854.823871147240:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=18131.175071633737:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=17435.299938351014:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=16766.132517017904:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=16122.647764715837:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=15503.859979709296:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=14908.821291529812:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=14336.620209010769:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=13786.380224048187:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=13257.258468950000:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=12748.444425315412:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=12259.158682468413:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=11788.651743541806:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=11336.202877384472:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=10901.119014532051:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=10482.733685550458:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=10080.406000125797:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=9693.519665336817:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=9321.482041606178:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=8963.723234884175:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=8619.695223674737:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=8288.871019565895:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=7970.743859979441:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=7664.826431902562:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=7370.650125412990:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=7087.764315853595:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=6815.735673557399:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=6554.147500065165:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=6302.599089819104:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=6060.705116354743:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=5828.095042050793:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=5604.412550532827:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=5389.315000861326:g=-0.4,equalizer=f=5182.472902668021:g=-0.394052055589,equalizer=f=4983.569411436476:g=-0.386751590389,equalizer=f=4792.299843153906:g=-0.376185664074,equalizer=f=4608.371207590573:g=-0.362543760251,equalizer=f=4431.501759492006:g=-0.345993198097,equalizer=f=4261.420566996452:g=-0.330710126890,equalizer=f=4097.867096616487:g=-0.318503033191,equalizer=f=3940.590814149046:g=-0.309564283335,equalizer=f=3789.350800902538:g=-0.303741189604,equalizer=f=3643.915384653179:g=-0.300601888512,equalizer=f=3504.061784765236:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=3369.575770931567:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=3240.251335011708:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=3115.890375464830:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2996.302393894170:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2881.304203238093:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2770.719647160795:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2664.379330212802:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2562.120358347913:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2463.786089399117:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2369.225893131248:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2278.294920502843:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2190.853881783698:g=-0.3,equalizer=f=2106.768833188346:g=-0.296437432785,equalizer=f=2025.910971698469:g=-0.290217913930,equalizer=f=1948.156437760116:g=-0.280922418484,equalizer=f=1873.386125553329:g=-0.268550946447,equalizer=f=1801.485500543704:g=-0.253103497820,equalizer=f=1732.344424036255:g=-0.235614749092,equalizer=f=1665.856984462975:g=-0.218076286078,equalizer=f=1601.921335145533:g=-0.200537822606,equalizer=f=1540.439538284674:g=-0.184632657170,equalizer=f=1481.317414937308:g=-0.168779161348,equalizer=f=1424.464400751469:g=-0.152925665153,equalizer=f=1369.793407238189:g=-0.137072168707,equalizer=f=1317.220688367753:g=-0.121218672255,equalizer=f=1266.665712285991:g=-0.105365175802,equalizer=f=1218.051037954117:g=-0.088396941462,equalizer=f=1171.302196523118:g=-0.070858476440,equalizer=f=1126.347577261013:g=-0.053320011417,equalizer=f=1083.118317858216:g=-0.034770724190,equalizer=f=1041.548198942992:g=-0.013200571808,equalizer=f=1001.573542645411:g=0.011445558081,equalizer=f=963.133115054414:g=0.039167665478,equalizer=f=926.168032418592:g=0.069965750383,equalizer=f=890.621670946974:g=0.103839812794,equalizer=f=856.439580071665:g=0.140789852714,equalizer=f=823.569399039473:g=0.180815870141,equalizer=f=791.960776704742:g=0.223158863450,equalizer=f=761.565294400547:g=0.266149082252,equalizer=f=732.336391770094:g=0.311823093692,equalizer=f=704.229295444710:g=0.360237839089,equalizer=f=677.200950459179:g=0.413174176689,equalizer=f=651.209954299352:g=0.471478099167,equalizer=f=626.216493481026:g=0.535493496953,equalizer=f=602.182282562909:g=0.606978871276,equalizer=f=579.070505500287:g=0.684199304160,equalizer=f=556.845759249530:g=0.767096732395,equalizer=f=535.473999537060:g=0.853776460170,equalizer=f=514.922488709709:g=0.943323717867,equalizer=f=495.159745586582:g=1.036571598687,equalizer=f=476.155497235608:g=1.135335711982,equalizer=f=457.880632600910:g=1.237175803242,equalizer=f=440.307157909949:g=1.342335109599,equalizer=f=423.408153792158:g=1.453088412615,equalizer=f=407.157734043353:g=1.569993670188,equalizer=f=391.531005972773:g=1.688508164136,equalizer=f=376.504032271996:g=1.808802987893,equalizer=f=362.053794347337:g=1.934465396527,equalizer=f=348.158157059540:g=2.065823830001,equalizer=f=334.795834816768:g=2.204891058267,equalizer=f=321.946358968944:g=2.352009664049,equalizer=f=309.590046453497:g=2.509552803849,equalizer=f=297.707969644483:g=2.678532979186,equalizer=f=286.281927358906:g=2.856115742576,equalizer=f=275.294416975809:g=3.041612670003,equalizer=f=264.728607625441:g=3.230723044219,equalizer=f=254.568314407418:g=3.422700948357,equalizer=f=244.797973598401:g=3.621312762050,equalizer=f=235.402618811295:g=3.826195809769,equalizer=f=226.367858069467:g=4.034154835453,equalizer=f=217.679851760848:g=4.246639157749,equalizer=f=209.325291438168:g=4.468048945659,equalizer=f=201.291379432825:g=4.698686666092,equalizer=f=193.565809251186:g=4.938552319047,equalizer=f=186.136746723276:g=5.187645904525,equalizer=f=178.992811874976:g=5.445967422525,equalizer=f=172.123061495972:g=5.712025685327,equalizer=f=165.516972376744:g=5.984236264250,equalizer=f=159.164425188922:g=6.258981796419,equalizer=f=153.055688984312:g=6.515823590632,equalizer=f=147.181406288853:g=6.777692051390,equalizer=f=141.532578768664:g=7.044587178695,equalizer=f=136.100553446236:g=7.314095599483,equalizer=f=130.877009445637:g=7.583605034445,equalizer=f=125.853945246444:g=7.853114469407,equalizer=f=121.023666426868:g=8.146285201135,equalizer=f=116.378773877299:g=8.444439101287,equalizer=f=111.912152466211:g=8.742593001439,equalizer=f=107.616960141075:g=9.042209423688,equalizer=f=103.486617447577:g=9.344900874707,equalizer=f=99.514797451091:g=9.650668303691,equalizer=f=95.695416044961:g=9.959511710641,equalizer=f=92.022622630759:g=10.271431095557,equalizer=f=88.490791156230:g=10.586541422511,equalizer=f=85.094511497198:g=10.906991735356,equalizer=f=81.828581170245:g=11.233594002758,equalizer=f=78.687997363448:g=11.556996378650,equalizer=f=75.667949272979:g=11.873211536187,equalizer=f=72.763810733831:g=12.194794278600,equalizer=f=69.971133133372:g=12.521192148224,equalizer=f=67.285638596875:g=12.846501740168,equalizer=f=64.703213434600:g=13.169127539473,equalizer=f=62.219901840358:g=13.492484068742,equalizer=f=59.831899831942:g=13.820346094285,equalizer=f=57.535549424116:g=14.145340590334,equalizer=f=55.327333025244:g=14.467659297988,equalizer=f=53.203868048980:g=14.789401139821,equalizer=f=51.161901732761:g=15.111142981226,equalizer=f=49.198306155165:g=15.437629968456,equalizer=f=47.310073444503:g=15.770860796927,equalizer=f=45.494311171305:g=16.104091624940,equalizer=f=43.748237917649:g=16.412536097232,equalizer=f=42.069179016527:g=16.579143834849,equalizer=f=40.454562454745:g=16.588876722789,equalizer=f=38.901914933067:g=16.461103901687,equalizer=f=37.408858077565:g=16.215674576171,equalizer=f=35.973104796389:g=15.850016386783,equalizer=f=34.592455776352:g=15.350234288456,equalizer=f=33.264796113983:g=14.615823142814,equalizer=f=31.988092075884:g=13.626809695512,equalizer=f=30.760387983412:g=12.332756508563,equalizer=f=29.579803216941:g=10.518513413063,equalizer=f=28.444529335092:g=8.346792732977,equalizer=f=27.352827304528:g=5.833681758551,equalizer=f=26.303024836072:g=3.097942665008,equalizer=f=25.293513823067:g=0.163604913582,equalizer=f=24.322747878043:g=-2.887748621210,equalizer=f=23.389239963935:g=-6.091081601564,equalizer=f=22.491560116216:g=-9.478973229620,equalizer=f=21.628333252442:g=-12.539218030638,equalizer=f=20.798237065887:g=-14.384804507659,equalizer=f=20:g=-15"
ffmpeg -i "File.wav" -af %eq% -c:a pcm_s24le out.wav


  


• Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) Guide

  27 septembre 2023, par Erin — Privacy

  Do you run a for-profit organisation in the United States that processes personal and sensitive consumer data ? If so, you may be concerned about the growing number of data privacy laws cropping up from state to state.

  Ever since the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) came into effect on January 1, 2020, four other US states — Connecticut, Colorado, Utah and Virginia — have passed their own data privacy laws. Each law uses the CCPA as a foundation but slightly deviates from the formula. This is a problem for US organisations, as they cannot apply the same CCPA compliance framework everywhere else.

  In this article, you’ll learn what makes the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA) unique and how to ensure compliance.

  What is the VCDPA ?

  Signed by Governor Ralph Northam on 2 March 2021, and brought into effect on 1 January 2023, the VCDPA is a new data privacy law. It gives Virginia residents certain rights regarding how organisations process their personal and sensitive consumer data.

  

  The law contains several provisions, which define :

  • Who must follow the VCDPA
  • Who is exempt from the VCDPA
  • The consumer rights of data subjects
  • Relevant terms, such as “consumers,” “personal data,” “sensitive data” and the “sale of personal data”
  • The rights and responsibilities of data controllers
  • What applicable organisations must do to ensure VCDPA compliance

  These guidelines define the data collection practices that VCDPA-compliant organisations must comply with. The practices are designed to protect the rights of Virginia residents who have their personal or sensitive data collected.

  What are the consumer rights of VCDPA data subjects ?

  There are seven consumer rights that protect residents who fit the definition of “data subjects” under the new Virginia data privacy law. 

  

  A data subject is an “identified or identifiable natural person” who has their information collected. Personally identifiable information includes a person’s name, address, date of birth, religious beliefs, immigration status, status of child protection assessments, ethnic origin and more.

  Below is a detailed breakdown of each VCDPA consumer right :

  1. Right to know, access and confirm personal data : Data subjects have the right to know that their data is being collected, the right to access their data and the right to confirm that the data being collected is accurate and up to date.
  2. Right to delete personal data : Data subjects have the right to request that their collected personal or sensitive consumer data be deleted.
  3. Right to correct inaccurate personal data : Data subjects have the right to request that their collected data be corrected.
  4. Right to data portability : Data subjects have the right to obtain their collected data and, when reasonable and possible, request that their collected data be transferred from one data controller to another.
  5. Right to opt out of data processing activity : Data subjects have the right to opt out of having their personal or sensitive data collected.
  6. Right to opt out of the sale of personal and sensitive consumer data : Data subjects have the right to opt out of having their collected data sold to third parties.

  Right to not be discriminated against for exercising one’s rights : Data subjects have the right to not be discriminated against for exercising their right to not have their personal or sensitive consumer data collected, processed and sold to third parties for targeted advertising or other purposes.

  Who must comply with the VCDPA ?

  The VCDPA applies to for-profit organisations. Specifically, those that operate and offer products or services in the state of Virginia.

  

  Additionally, for-profit organisations that fit under either of these two categories must comply with the VCDPA :

  • Collect and process the personal data of at least 100,000 Virginia residents within a financial year or
  • Collect and process the personal data of at least 25,000 Virginia residents and receive at least 50% of gross revenue by selling personal or sensitive data.

  If a for-profit organisation resides out of the state of Virginia and falls into one of the categories above, they must comply with the VCDPA. Eligibility requirements also apply, regardless of the revenue threshold of the organisation in question. Large organisations can avoid VCDPA compliance if they don’t meet either of the above two eligibility requirements.

  What types of consumer data does the VCDPA protect ?

  The two main types of data that apply to the VCDPA are personal and sensitive data. 

  

  Personal data is either identified or personally identifiable information, such as home address, date of birth or phone number. Information that is publicly available or has been de-identified (dissociated with a natural person or entity) is not considered personal data.

  Sensitive data is a category of personal data. It’s data that’s either the collected data of a known child or data that can be used to form an opinion about a natural person or individual. Examples of sensitive data include information about a person’s ethnicity, religion, political beliefs and sexual orientation. 

  It’s important that VCDPA-compliant organisations understand the difference between the two data types, as failure to do so could result in penalties of up to $7,500 per violation. For instance, if an organisation wants to collect sensitive data (and they have a valid reason to do so), they must first ask for consent from consumers. If the organisation in question fails to do so, then they’ll be in violation of the VCDPA, and may be subject to multiple penalties — equal to however many violations they incur.

  A 5-step VCDPA compliance framework

  Getting up to speed with the terms of the VCDPA can be challenging, especially if this is your first time encountering such a law. That said, even organisations that have experience with data privacy laws should still take the time to understand the VCDPA.

  

  Here’s a simple 5-step VCDPA compliance framework to follow.

  1. Assess data

  First off, take the time to become familiar with the Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA). Then, read the content from the ‘Who does the VCDPA apply to’ section of this article, and use this information to determine if the law applies to your organisation.

  How do you know if you reach the data subject threshold ? Easy. Use a web analytics platform like Matomo to see where your web visitors are, how many of them (from that specific region) are visiting your website and how many of them you’re collecting personal or sensitive data from.

  To do this in Matomo, simply open the dashboard, look at the “Locations” section and use the information on display to see how many Virginia residents are visiting your website.

  

  Using the dashboard will help you determine if the VCDPA applies to your company.

  2. Evaluate your privacy practices

  Review your existing privacy policies and practices and update them to comply with the VCDPA. Ensure your data collection practices protect the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of your visitors.

  One way to do this is to automatically anonymise visitor IPs, which you can do in Matomo — in fact, the feature is automatically set to default. 

  

  Another great thing about IP anonymisation is that after a visitor leaves your website, any evidence of them ever visiting is gone, and such information cannot be tracked by anyone else. 

  3. Inform data subjects of their rights

  To ensure VCDPA compliance in your organisation, you must inform your data subjects of their rights, including their right to access their data, their right to transfer their data to another controller and their right to opt out of your data collection efforts.

  That last point is one of the most important, and to ensure that you’re ready to respond to consumer rights requests, you should prepare an opt-out form in advance. If a visitor wants to opt out from tracking, they’ll be able to do so quickly and easily. Not only will this help you be VCDPA compliant, but your visitors will also appreciate the fact that you take their privacy seriously.

  

  To create an opt-out form in Matomo, visit the privacy settings section (click on the cog icon in the top menu) and click on the “Users opt-out” menu item under the Privacy section. After creating the form, you can then customise and publish the form as a snippet of HTML code that you can place on the pages of your website.

  4. Review vendor contracts

  Depending on the nature of your organisation, you may have vendor contracts with a third-party business associate. These are individuals or organisations, separate from your own, that contribute to the successful delivery of your products and services.

  You may also engage with third parties that process the data you collect, as is the case for many website owners that use Google Analytics (to which there are many alternatives) to convert visitor data into insights. 

  Financial institutions, such as stock exchange companies, also rely on third-party data for trading. If this is the case for you, then you likely have a Data Processing Agreement (DPA) in place — a legally binding document between you (the data controller, who dictates how and why the collected data is used) and the data processor (who processes the data you provide to them).

  To ensure that your DPA is VCDPA compliant, make sure it contains the following items :

  • Definition of terms
  • Instructions for processing data
  • Limits of use (explain what all parties can and cannot do with the collected data)
  • Physical data security practices (e.g., potential risks, risk of harm and control measures)
  • Data subject rights
  • Consumer request policies (i.e., must respond within 45 days of receipt)
  • Privacy notices and policies

  5. Seek expert legal advice

  To ensure your organisation is fully VCDPA compliant, consider speaking to a data and privacy lawyer. They can help you better understand the specifics of the law, advise you on where you fall short of compliance and what you must do to become VCDPA compliant.

  Data privacy lawyers can also help you draft a meaningful privacy notice, which may be useful in modifying your existing DPAs or creating new ones. If needed, they can also advise you on areas of compliance with other state-specific data protection acts, such as the CCPA and newly released laws in Colorado, Connecticut and Utah.

  How does the VCDPA differ from the CCPA ?

  Although the VCDPA has many similarities to the CCPA, the two laws still have their own approach to applying the law. 

  Here’s a quick breakdown of the main differences that set these laws apart.

  Definition of a consumer

  Under the VCDPA, a consumer is a “natural person who is a Virginia resident acting in an individual or household context.” Meanwhile, under the CCPA, a consumer is a “natural person who is a California resident acting in an individual or household context.” However, the VCDPA omits people in employment contexts, while the CCPA doesn’t. Hence, organisations don’t need to consider employee data.

  Sale of personal data

  The VCDPA defines the “sale of personal data” as an exchange “for monetary consideration” by the data controller to a data processor or third party. This means that, under the VCDPA, an act is only considered a “sale of personal data” if there is monetary value attached to the transaction.

  This contrasts with the CCPA, where that law also counts “other valuable considerations” as a factor when determining if the sale of personal data has occurred.

  Right to opt out

  Just like the CCPA, the VCDPA clearly outlines that organisations must respond to a user request to opt out of tracking. However, unlike the CCPA, the VCDPA does not give organisations any exceptions to such a right. This means that, even if the organisation believes that the request is impractical or hard to pull off, it must comply with the request under any circumstances, even in instances of hardship.

  Ensure VCDPA compliance with Matomo

  The VCDPA, like many other data privacy laws in the US, is designed to enhance the rights of Virginia consumers who have their personal or sensitive data collected and processed. Fortunately, this is where platforms like Matomo can help.

  Matomo is a powerful web analytics platform that has built-in features to help you comply with the VCDPA. These include options like :

  • Cookie-less tracking
  • Creating consumer consent and opt-out forms
  • Giving consumers access to their personal data

  Try out the free 21-day Matomo trial today. No credit card required.

• 5-Step Conversion Rate Optimisation Checklist

  27 octobre 2023, par Erin

  Did you know the average conversion rate across e-commerce businesses in August 2023 was 2.03% ? In the past year, conversion rates have increased by 0.39%.

  Make no mistake. Just because conversion rates are higher this year doesn’t make it any easier to convert visitors.

  Cracking the secrets to improving conversion rates is crucial to running a successful website or business.

  Your site is the digital headquarters all of your marketing efforts funnel toward. With every visitor comes an opportunity to convert them into a lead (or sale).

  Keep reading if you want to improve your lead generation or convert more visitors into customers. In this article, we’ll break down a simple five-step conversion rate optimisation checklist you need to follow to maximise your conversions.

  What is conversion rate optimisation ?

  Before we dive into the steps you need to follow to optimise your conversions, let’s back up and talk conversion rate optimisation.

  

  Conversion rate optimisation, or CRO for short, is the process of increasing the number of website visitors who take a specific action. 

  In most cases, this means :

  • Turning more visitors into leads by getting them to join an email list
  • Convincing a visitor to fill out a contact form for a consultation
  • Converting a visitor into a paying customer by purchasing a product

  However, conversion rate optimisation can be used for any action you want someone to take on your site. That could be downloading a free guide, clicking on a specific link, commenting on a blog post or sharing your website with a friend.

  Why following a CRO checklist is important

  Conversion rate optimisation is both a valuable practice and an absolute necessity for any business or marketer. While it can be a bit complex, especially when you start diving into A/B testing, there are a variety of advantages :

  Get the most out of your efforts

  When all is said and done, if you can’t convert the traffic already coming to your site, dumping a ton of time and resources into traffic generation (whether paid or organic) won’t solve your problem.

  Instead, you need to look at the root of the problem : your conversion rate.

  By doubling down on conversions and following a conversion rate optimisation checklist, you’ll get the greatest result for the effort you’re already putting into your site.

  Increase audience size

  To increase your audience size, you need to increase your traffic, right ? Not exactly.

  While your audience may be considered people who have seen your content or follow you on social media, a high-value audience is one you can market to directly on an ongoing basis.

  Your website gives you the playground to convert visitors into high-value audience members. This is done by creating conversion-focused email signup forms and optimising your website for sale conversions.

  Generate more sales

  Boosting sales through CRO is the core objective. By optimising product pages, simplifying the checkout process, and employing persuasive strategies, you can systematically increase your sales and maximise the value of your existing traffic.

  Reduce customer acquisition costs (CAC)

  With conversion optimisation, you can convert a higher percentage of your website visitors into paid customers. Even if you don’t spend more on acquiring new customers, you’ll be able to generate more sales overall. 

  The result is that your customer acquisition costs will drop, allowing you to increase your total acquisitions to your customer base.

  Improve profitability

  While reduced customer acquisition costs mean you can pour more money into customer acquisition at a cheaper rate, you could simply maintain your costs while driving sales, resulting in increased profitability.

  If you can spend the same amount on acquisition but bring in 20% more customers (due to using a CRO checklist), your profit margins will automatically increase.

  5-step CRO checklist

  To double down on conversion rate optimisation, you need to follow a checklist to ensure you don’t miss any major optimisation opportunities.

  The checklist below is designed to help you systematically optimise your website, ensuring you make the most of your traffic by continuously refining its performance.

  1. Forms

  Analysing and optimising your website’s forms is crucial for enhancing conversion rates. Understanding how visitors interact with your forms can uncover pain points and help you streamline the conversion process.

  Ever wonder where your visitors drop off on your forms ? It could be due to lengthy, time-consuming fields or overly complex forms, leading to a frustrating user experience and lower conversion rate. Whatever the reason, you need the right tools to uncover the root of the issue.

  By leveraging Form Analytics, you gain powerful insights into user behaviour and can identify areas where people may encounter difficulties.

  Form Analytics provides the insights to discover :

  • Average time spent on each field : This metric helps you understand where users may be struggling or spending too much time. By optimising these fields, you can streamline the form, reduce user frustration and increase conversions.
  • Identifying drop-off points : Understanding where users drop off provides insights into which form fields may need improvement. Addressing these drop-off points can increase the conversion rate.
  • Unneeded fields with a high blank submission rate : Discovering fields left blank upon submission can highlight areas for simplification. By eliminating unnecessary fields, you can create more concise and user-friendly forms that may entice more visitors to engage with the form.

  

  Hear first-hand how Concrete CMS achieve 3x more leads with insights from Form Analytics. 

  These data-driven insights empower you to optimise your forms, remove guesswork and settle debates about form design. By fine-tuning and streamlining your forms, you can ensure a smoother path to conversion and maximise your success in converting more visitors.

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  2. Copywriting

  Another crucial element you need to test is your copywriting. Your copywriting is the foundation of your entire website. It helps communicate to your audience what you have to offer and why they need to take action.

  You need to ensure you have a good offer. This isn’t just the product or service you’re putting out there. It’s the complete package. It includes the product, rewards, a unique guarantee, customer service, packaging and promotions.

  Start testing your copy with your headlines. Look at the headers and test different phrases to convert more potential customers into paying customers.

  Here are a few tips to optimise your copy for more conversions :

  • Ensure copy is relevant to your headline and vice versa.
  • Write short words, short sentences and short paragraphs.
  • Use bullets and subheaders to make the copy easy to skim.
  • Don’t focus too heavily on optimising for search engines (SEO). Instead, write for humans.
  • Focus on writing about benefits, not features.
  • Write about how your offer solves the pain points of your audience.

  You can test your copy in several areas once you’ve begun testing your headers – your subheaders, body copy, signup forms and product pages (if you’re e-commerce).

  3. Media : videos and audio

  Next, testing out different media types is crucial. This means incorporating videos and audio into your content.

  Don’t just take a random guess by throwing stuff against the wall, hoping it sticks. Instead, you should use data to develop impactful content.

  Look at your Media Analytics reports in your website analytics solution and see what media people spend the most time on. See what kind of video or audio content already impacts conversions.

  

  Humans are highly visual. You should craft your content so it’s easy to digest. Instead of covering your website in huge chunks of text, split up your copy with engaging content like videos.

  High-quality videos and audio recordings allow your readers to consume more of your content easily, and help persuade them to take action on your site.

  4. Calls to action (CTA)

  This brings us to our next point : your call to action (CTA).

  Are you trying to convert more prospects into leads ? Want to turn more leads into customers ? Trying to get more email subscribers ? Or do you want to generate more sales every month ?

  You could write the most compelling offer flooded with beautiful images, videos and CRO tactics. But your efforts will go to waste if you don’t include a compelling CTA.

  

  Here are a few tips to optimise your CTAs :

  • Keep them congruent on a single web page (e.g., don’t sell a hat and a sweater on the same page, as it can be confusing).
  • Place at least one CTA above the fold on your web pages.
  • Include benefits in your CTA. Rather than “Buy Now,” try “Buy Now to Get 30% Off.”
  • It’s better to be clear and concise than too fancy and unique.

  Optimising your call to action isn’t just about your copywriting. It’s also about design. Test different fonts, sizes, and visual elements like borders, icons and background colours.

  5. Web design

  Your site design will impact how well your visitors convert. You could have incredible copywriting, but if your site is laid out poorly, it will drive people away.

  You must ensure your copy and visual content fit your website design well.

  The first place you need to start with your site is your homepage design.

  Your site design consists of the theme or template, colour scheme and other visual elements that can be optimised to improve conversions.

  Here are a few tips to keep in mind when optimising your website design :

  • Use a colour scheme that’s pleasant rather than too distracting or extreme.
  • Ensure your design doesn’t remove the text’s clarity but makes it easier to read.
  • When in doubt, start with black text on a white background (the opposite rarely works).
  • Keep plenty of whitespace in between design elements.
  • When in doubt about font size, start by testing a larger size.
  • Design mobile-first rather than desktop-first.

  Finally, it’s critical to ensure your website is easy to navigate. Good design is all about the user experience. Is it easy to find what they’re looking for ? Simplify steps to reduce the need to click, and your conversions will increase.

  Start optimising your website for conversions

  If you’re looking to get the most out of the traffic on your site by converting more visitors into leads or customers, following this 5-step CRO checklist will help you take steps in the right direction.

  Just remember conversion rate optimisation is an ongoing process. It’s not a one-time deal. To succeed, you need to test quickly, analyse the impact and do more of what’s working and less of what’s not.

  To optimise your website for better conversion rates, you need the right tools that provide accurate data and insights to effectively increase conversions. With Matomo, you gain access to web analytics and CRO features like Form Analytics and Media Analytics, designed to enhance your conversion rate optimisation efforts. 

  Try Matomo free for 21 days and take your conversion rate to the next level. No credit card required.

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