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• Segmentation Analytics : How to Leverage It on Your Site

  27 octobre 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips

  The deeper you go with your customer analytics, the better your insights will be.

  The result ? Your marketing performance soars to new heights.

  Customer segmentation is one of the best ways businesses can align their marketing strategies with an effective output to generate better results. Marketers know that targeting the right people is one of the most important aspects of connecting with and converting web visitors into customers.

  By diving into customer segmentation analytics, you’ll be able to transform your loosely defined and abstract audience into tangible, understandable segments, so you can serve them better.

  In this guide, we’ll break down customer segmentation analytics, the different types, and how you can delve into these analytics on your website to grow your business.

  What is customer segmentation ?

  Before we dive into customer segmentation analytics, let’s take a step back and look at customer segmentation in general. 

  Customer segmentation is the process of dividing your customers up into different groups based on specific characteristics.

  These groups could be based on demographics like age or location or behaviours like recent purchases or website visits. 

  By splitting your audience into different segments, your marketing team will be able to craft highly targeted and relevant marketing campaigns that are more likely to convert.

  Additionally, customer segmentation allows businesses to gain new insights into their audience. For example, by diving deep into different segments, marketers can uncover pain points and desires, leading to increased conversion rates and return on investment.

  But, to grasp the different customer segments, organisations need to know how to collect, digest and interpret the data for usable insights to improve their business. That’s where segmentation analytics comes in.

  What is customer segmentation analytics ?

  Customer segmentation analytics splits customers into different groups within your analytics software to create more detailed customer data and improve targeting.

  

  With customer segmentation, you’re splitting your customers into different groups. With customer segmentation analytics, you’re doing this all within your analytics platform so you can understand them better.

  One example of splitting your customers up is by country. For example, let’s say you have a global customer base. So, you go into your analytics software and find that 90% of your website visitors come from five countries : the UK, the US, Australia, Germany and Japan.

  In this area, you could then create customer segmentation subsets based on these five countries. Moving forward, you could then hop into your analytics tool at any point in time and analyse the segments by country. 

  For example, if you wanted to see how well your recent marketing campaign impacted your Japanese customers, you could look at your Japanese subset within your analytics and dive into the data.

  The primary goal of customer segmentation analytics is to gather actionable data points to give you an in-depth understanding of your customers. By gathering data on your different audience segments, you’ll discover insights on your customers that you can use to optimise your website, marketing campaigns, mobile apps, product offerings and overall customer experience.

  Rather than lumping your entire customer base into a single mass, customer segmentation analytics allows you to meet even more specific and relevant needs and pain points of your customers to serve them better.

  By allowing you to “zoom in” on your audience, segmentation analytics helps you offer more value to your customers, giving you a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

  5 types of segmentation

  There are dozens of different ways to split up your customers into segments. The one you choose depends on your goals and marketing efforts. Each type of segmentation offers a different view of your customers so you can better understand their specific needs to reach them more effectively.

  While you can segment your customers in almost endless ways, five common types the majority fall under are :

  

  Geographic

  Another way to segment is by geography.

  This is important because you could have drastically different interests, pain points and desires based on where you live.

  If you’re running a global e-commerce website that sells a variety of clothing products, geographic segmentation can play a crucial role in optimising your website.

  For instance, you may observe that a significant portion of your website visitors are from countries in the Southern Hemisphere, where it’s currently summer. On the other hand, visitors from the Northern Hemisphere are experiencing winter. Utilising this information, you can tailor your marketing strategy and website accordingly to increase sells.

  Where someone comes from can significantly impact how they will respond to your messaging, brand and offer.

  Geographic segmentation typically includes the following subtypes :

  • Cities (i.e., Austin, Paris, Berlin, etc.)
  • State (i.e., Massachusetts)
  • Country (i.e., Thailand)

  Psychographic

  Another key segmentation type of psychographic. This is where you split your customers into different groups based on their lifestyles.

  Psychographic segmentation is a method of dividing your customers based on their habits, attitudes, values and opinions. You can unlock key emotional elements that impact your customers’ purchasing behaviours through this segmentation type.

  Psychographic segmentation typically includes the following subtypes :

  • Values
  • Habits
  • Opinions

  Behavioural

  While psychographic segmentation looks at your customers’ overall lifestyle and habits, behavioural segmentation aims to dive into the specific individual actions they take daily, especially when interacting with your brand or your website.

  Your customers won’t all interact with your brand the same way. They’ll act differently when interacting with your products and services for several reasons. 

  Behavioural segmentation can help reveal certain use cases, like why customers buy a certain product, how often they buy it, where they buy it and how they use it.

  By unpacking these key details about your audience’s behaviour, you can optimise your campaigns and messaging to get the most out of your marketing efforts to reach new and existing customers.

  Behavioural segmentation typically includes the following subtypes :

  • Interactions
  • Interests
  • Desires

  Technographic

  Another common segmentation type is technographic segmentation. As the name suggests, this technologically driven segment seeks to understand how your customers use technology.

  While this is one of the newest segmentation types marketers use, it’s a powerful method to help you understand the types of tech your customers use, how often they use it and the specific ways they use it.

  Technographic segmentation typically includes the following subtypes :

  • Smartphone type
  • Device type : smartphone, desktop, tablet
  • Apps
  • Video games

  Demographic

  The most common approach to segmentation is to split your customers up by demographics. 

  Demographic segmentation typically includes subtypes like language, job title, age or education.

  This can be helpful for tailoring your content, products, and marketing efforts to specific audience segments. One way to capture this information is by using web analytics tools, where language is often available as a data point.

  However, for accurate insights into other demographic segments like job titles, which may not be available (or accurate) in analytics tools, you may need to implement surveys or add fields to forms on your website to gather this specific information directly from your visitors.

  How to build website segmentation analytics

  With Matomo, you can create a variety of segments to divide your website visitors into different groups. Matomo’s Segments allows you to view segmentation analytics on subsets of your audience, like :

  • The device they used while visiting your site
  • What channel they entered your site from
  • What country they are located
  • Whether or not they visited a key page of your website
  • And more

  While it’s important to collect general data on every visitor you have to your website, a key to website growth is understanding each type of visitor you have.

  For example, here’s a screenshot of how you can segment all of your website’s visitors from New Zealand :

  

  The criteria you use to define these segments are based on the data collected within your web analytics platform.

  Here are some popular ways you can create some common themes on Matomo that can be used to create segments :

  Visit based segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on visitors’ patterns. 

  For example :

  • Do returning visitors show different traits than first-time visitors ?
  • Do people who arrive on your blog experience your website differently than those arriving on a landing page ?

  This information can inform your content strategy, user interface design and marketing efforts.

  Demographic segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on people’s demographics. 

  For example :

  • User’s browser language
  • Location

  This can enable you to tailor your approach to specific demographics, improving the performance of your marketing campaigns.

  Technographic segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on people’s technographics. 

  For example :

  • Web browser being used (i.e., Chrome, Safari, Firefox, etc.)
  • Device type (i.e., smartphone, tablet, desktop)

  This can inform how to optimise your website based on users’ technology preferences, enhancing the effectiveness of your website.

  Interaction based segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on interactions. 

  For example :

  • Events (i.e., when someone clicks a specific URL on your website)
  • Goals (i.e., when someone stays on your site for a certain period)

  Insights from this can empower you to fine-tune your content and user experience for increasing conversion rates.

  

  Campaign-based segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on campaigns. 

  For example :

  • Visitors arriving from specific traffic sources
  • Visitors arriving from specific advertising campaigns

  With these insights, you can assess the performance of your marketing efforts, optimise your ad spend and make data-driven decisions to enhance your campaigns for better results.

  Ecommerce segments

  Create segments in Matomo based on ecommerce. 

  For example :

  • Visitors who purchased vs. those who didn’t
  • Visitors who purchased a specific product

  This allows you to refine your website and marketing strategy for increased conversions and revenue.

  Leverage Matomo for your segmentation analytics

  By now, you can see the power of segmentation analytics and how they can be used to understand your customers and website visitors better. By breaking down your audience into groups, you’ll be able to gain insights into those segments to know how to serve them better with improved messaging and relevant products.

  If you’re ready to begin using segmentation analytics on your website, try Matomo. Start your 21-day free trial now — no credit card required.

  Matomo is an ideal choice for marketers looking for an easy-to-use, out-of-the-box web analytics solution that delivers accurate insights while keeping privacy and compliance at the forefront.

• 5-Step Conversion Rate Optimisation Checklist

  27 octobre 2023, par Erin

  Did you know the average conversion rate across e-commerce businesses in August 2023 was 2.03% ? In the past year, conversion rates have increased by 0.39%.

  Make no mistake. Just because conversion rates are higher this year doesn’t make it any easier to convert visitors.

  Cracking the secrets to improving conversion rates is crucial to running a successful website or business.

  Your site is the digital headquarters all of your marketing efforts funnel toward. With every visitor comes an opportunity to convert them into a lead (or sale).

  Keep reading if you want to improve your lead generation or convert more visitors into customers. In this article, we’ll break down a simple five-step conversion rate optimisation checklist you need to follow to maximise your conversions.

  What is conversion rate optimisation ?

  Before we dive into the steps you need to follow to optimise your conversions, let’s back up and talk conversion rate optimisation.

  

  Conversion rate optimisation, or CRO for short, is the process of increasing the number of website visitors who take a specific action. 

  In most cases, this means :

  • Turning more visitors into leads by getting them to join an email list
  • Convincing a visitor to fill out a contact form for a consultation
  • Converting a visitor into a paying customer by purchasing a product

  However, conversion rate optimisation can be used for any action you want someone to take on your site. That could be downloading a free guide, clicking on a specific link, commenting on a blog post or sharing your website with a friend.

  Why following a CRO checklist is important

  Conversion rate optimisation is both a valuable practice and an absolute necessity for any business or marketer. While it can be a bit complex, especially when you start diving into A/B testing, there are a variety of advantages :

  Get the most out of your efforts

  When all is said and done, if you can’t convert the traffic already coming to your site, dumping a ton of time and resources into traffic generation (whether paid or organic) won’t solve your problem.

  Instead, you need to look at the root of the problem : your conversion rate.

  By doubling down on conversions and following a conversion rate optimisation checklist, you’ll get the greatest result for the effort you’re already putting into your site.

  Increase audience size

  To increase your audience size, you need to increase your traffic, right ? Not exactly.

  While your audience may be considered people who have seen your content or follow you on social media, a high-value audience is one you can market to directly on an ongoing basis.

  Your website gives you the playground to convert visitors into high-value audience members. This is done by creating conversion-focused email signup forms and optimising your website for sale conversions.

  Generate more sales

  Boosting sales through CRO is the core objective. By optimising product pages, simplifying the checkout process, and employing persuasive strategies, you can systematically increase your sales and maximise the value of your existing traffic.

  Reduce customer acquisition costs (CAC)

  With conversion optimisation, you can convert a higher percentage of your website visitors into paid customers. Even if you don’t spend more on acquiring new customers, you’ll be able to generate more sales overall. 

  The result is that your customer acquisition costs will drop, allowing you to increase your total acquisitions to your customer base.

  Improve profitability

  While reduced customer acquisition costs mean you can pour more money into customer acquisition at a cheaper rate, you could simply maintain your costs while driving sales, resulting in increased profitability.

  If you can spend the same amount on acquisition but bring in 20% more customers (due to using a CRO checklist), your profit margins will automatically increase.

  5-step CRO checklist

  To double down on conversion rate optimisation, you need to follow a checklist to ensure you don’t miss any major optimisation opportunities.

  The checklist below is designed to help you systematically optimise your website, ensuring you make the most of your traffic by continuously refining its performance.

  1. Forms

  Analysing and optimising your website’s forms is crucial for enhancing conversion rates. Understanding how visitors interact with your forms can uncover pain points and help you streamline the conversion process.

  Ever wonder where your visitors drop off on your forms ? It could be due to lengthy, time-consuming fields or overly complex forms, leading to a frustrating user experience and lower conversion rate. Whatever the reason, you need the right tools to uncover the root of the issue.

  By leveraging Form Analytics, you gain powerful insights into user behaviour and can identify areas where people may encounter difficulties.

  Form Analytics provides the insights to discover :

  • Average time spent on each field : This metric helps you understand where users may be struggling or spending too much time. By optimising these fields, you can streamline the form, reduce user frustration and increase conversions.
  • Identifying drop-off points : Understanding where users drop off provides insights into which form fields may need improvement. Addressing these drop-off points can increase the conversion rate.
  • Unneeded fields with a high blank submission rate : Discovering fields left blank upon submission can highlight areas for simplification. By eliminating unnecessary fields, you can create more concise and user-friendly forms that may entice more visitors to engage with the form.

  

  Hear first-hand how Concrete CMS achieve 3x more leads with insights from Form Analytics. 

  These data-driven insights empower you to optimise your forms, remove guesswork and settle debates about form design. By fine-tuning and streamlining your forms, you can ensure a smoother path to conversion and maximise your success in converting more visitors.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  2. Copywriting

  Another crucial element you need to test is your copywriting. Your copywriting is the foundation of your entire website. It helps communicate to your audience what you have to offer and why they need to take action.

  You need to ensure you have a good offer. This isn’t just the product or service you’re putting out there. It’s the complete package. It includes the product, rewards, a unique guarantee, customer service, packaging and promotions.

  Start testing your copy with your headlines. Look at the headers and test different phrases to convert more potential customers into paying customers.

  Here are a few tips to optimise your copy for more conversions :

  • Ensure copy is relevant to your headline and vice versa.
  • Write short words, short sentences and short paragraphs.
  • Use bullets and subheaders to make the copy easy to skim.
  • Don’t focus too heavily on optimising for search engines (SEO). Instead, write for humans.
  • Focus on writing about benefits, not features.
  • Write about how your offer solves the pain points of your audience.

  You can test your copy in several areas once you’ve begun testing your headers – your subheaders, body copy, signup forms and product pages (if you’re e-commerce).

  3. Media : videos and audio

  Next, testing out different media types is crucial. This means incorporating videos and audio into your content.

  Don’t just take a random guess by throwing stuff against the wall, hoping it sticks. Instead, you should use data to develop impactful content.

  Look at your Media Analytics reports in your website analytics solution and see what media people spend the most time on. See what kind of video or audio content already impacts conversions.

  

  Humans are highly visual. You should craft your content so it’s easy to digest. Instead of covering your website in huge chunks of text, split up your copy with engaging content like videos.

  High-quality videos and audio recordings allow your readers to consume more of your content easily, and help persuade them to take action on your site.

  4. Calls to action (CTA)

  This brings us to our next point : your call to action (CTA).

  Are you trying to convert more prospects into leads ? Want to turn more leads into customers ? Trying to get more email subscribers ? Or do you want to generate more sales every month ?

  You could write the most compelling offer flooded with beautiful images, videos and CRO tactics. But your efforts will go to waste if you don’t include a compelling CTA.

  

  Here are a few tips to optimise your CTAs :

  • Keep them congruent on a single web page (e.g., don’t sell a hat and a sweater on the same page, as it can be confusing).
  • Place at least one CTA above the fold on your web pages.
  • Include benefits in your CTA. Rather than “Buy Now,” try “Buy Now to Get 30% Off.”
  • It’s better to be clear and concise than too fancy and unique.

  Optimising your call to action isn’t just about your copywriting. It’s also about design. Test different fonts, sizes, and visual elements like borders, icons and background colours.

  5. Web design

  Your site design will impact how well your visitors convert. You could have incredible copywriting, but if your site is laid out poorly, it will drive people away.

  You must ensure your copy and visual content fit your website design well.

  The first place you need to start with your site is your homepage design.

  Your site design consists of the theme or template, colour scheme and other visual elements that can be optimised to improve conversions.

  Here are a few tips to keep in mind when optimising your website design :

  • Use a colour scheme that’s pleasant rather than too distracting or extreme.
  • Ensure your design doesn’t remove the text’s clarity but makes it easier to read.
  • When in doubt, start with black text on a white background (the opposite rarely works).
  • Keep plenty of whitespace in between design elements.
  • When in doubt about font size, start by testing a larger size.
  • Design mobile-first rather than desktop-first.

  Finally, it’s critical to ensure your website is easy to navigate. Good design is all about the user experience. Is it easy to find what they’re looking for ? Simplify steps to reduce the need to click, and your conversions will increase.

  Start optimising your website for conversions

  If you’re looking to get the most out of the traffic on your site by converting more visitors into leads or customers, following this 5-step CRO checklist will help you take steps in the right direction.

  Just remember conversion rate optimisation is an ongoing process. It’s not a one-time deal. To succeed, you need to test quickly, analyse the impact and do more of what’s working and less of what’s not.

  To optimise your website for better conversion rates, you need the right tools that provide accurate data and insights to effectively increase conversions. With Matomo, you gain access to web analytics and CRO features like Form Analytics and Media Analytics, designed to enhance your conversion rate optimisation efforts. 

  Try Matomo free for 21 days and take your conversion rate to the next level. No credit card required.

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  21 day free trial. No credit card required.

  
  

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• Ffmpeg error "avcodec_send_frame" return "invalid argument"

  17 octobre 2023, par Paulo Coutinho

  I have a problem in function avcodec_send_frame throwing error Error sending frame for encoding: Invalid argument (-22). I already search, check, recheck and nothing. It is near the ffmpeg examples. Can anyone help me ? Thanks.

  


  This is my code :

  


  static void callbackAddSubtitle(const Message &m, const Response r)
{
    try
    {
        av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_DEBUG);

        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Adding subtitle...");

        auto inputOpt = m.get("input");
        auto outputOpt = m.get("output");

        if (!inputOpt.has_value() || !outputOpt.has_value())
        {
            r(std::string{"INVALID-PARAMS"});
            return;
        }

        const std::string &input = inputOpt.value();
        const std::string &output = outputOpt.value();

        // initialize input
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing input video...");

        AVFormatContext *inputFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
        if (avformat_open_input(&inputFormatCtx, input.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr) != 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Failed to open input");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-OPEN-INPUT"});
            return;
        }

        if (avformat_find_stream_info(inputFormatCtx, nullptr) < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Failed to find stream information");
            avformat_close_input(&inputFormatCtx);
            r(std::string{"ERROR-FIND-STREAM"});
            return;
        }

        int videoStreamIndex = av_find_best_stream(inputFormatCtx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, nullptr, 0);
        if (videoStreamIndex < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Could not find a video stream");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-FIND-VIDEO-STREAM"});
            return;
        }

        AVRational timeBase = inputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base;

        AVCodecParameters *inputCodecPar = inputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->codecpar;
        const AVCodec *inputCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(inputCodecPar->codec_id);
        AVCodecContext *inputCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(inputCodec);

        avcodec_parameters_to_context(inputCodecCtx, inputCodecPar);
        avcodec_open2(inputCodecCtx, inputCodec, nullptr);

        // initialize input audio
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing input audio...");

        int audioStreamIndex = av_find_best_stream(inputFormatCtx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO, -1, -1, nullptr, 0);
        if (audioStreamIndex < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Could not find an audio stream");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-FIND-AUDIO-STREAM"});
            return;
        }

        AVCodecParameters *inputAudioCodecPar = inputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->codecpar;
        const AVCodec *inputAudioCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(inputAudioCodecPar->codec_id);
        AVCodecContext *inputAudioCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(inputAudioCodec);

        avcodec_parameters_to_context(inputAudioCodecCtx, inputAudioCodecPar);
        avcodec_open2(inputAudioCodecCtx, inputAudioCodec, nullptr);

        // initialize output video
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing output video...");

        AVFormatContext *outputFormatCtx = nullptr;
        avformat_alloc_output_context2(&outputFormatCtx, nullptr, nullptr, output.c_str());
        AVStream *outputStream = avformat_new_stream(outputFormatCtx, nullptr);

        AVCodecContext *outputCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(inputCodec);
        avcodec_parameters_to_context(outputCodecCtx, inputCodecPar);
        int retOutVideo = avcodec_open2(outputCodecCtx, inputCodec, nullptr);

        if (retOutVideo < 0)
        {
            char err[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(err, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, retOutVideo);
            spdlog::error("Failed to initialize output video: {}", err);
            r(std::string{"ERROR-INIT-OUTPUT-VIDEO"});
            return;
        }

        outputStream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
        outputStream->codecpar->codec_id = inputCodec->id;
        avcodec_parameters_from_context(outputStream->codecpar, outputCodecCtx);

        if (!(outputFormatCtx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
        {
            avio_open(&outputFormatCtx->pb, output.c_str(), AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
        }

        const char *pixelFormatName = getPixelFormatName(outputCodecCtx->pix_fmt);
        spdlog::debug("Pixel Format: {}", pixelFormatName);

        // initialize output audio
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing output audio...");

        AVStream *outputAudioStream = avformat_new_stream(outputFormatCtx, nullptr);
        AVCodecContext *outputAudioCodecCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(inputAudioCodec);
        avcodec_parameters_to_context(outputAudioCodecCtx, inputAudioCodecPar);
        int retOutAudio = avcodec_open2(outputAudioCodecCtx, inputAudioCodec, nullptr);

        if (retOutAudio < 0)
        {
            char err[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(err, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, retOutAudio);
            spdlog::error("Failed to initialize output audio: {}", err);
            r(std::string{"ERROR-INIT-OUTPUT-AUDIO"});
            return;
        }

        outputAudioStream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO;
        outputAudioStream->codecpar->codec_id = inputAudioCodec->id;
        avcodec_parameters_from_context(outputAudioStream->codecpar, outputAudioCodecCtx);

        // initialize filters
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing filters...");

        AVFilterGraph *filterGraph = avfilter_graph_alloc();
        if (!filterGraph)
        {
            spdlog::error("Failed to allocate filter graph");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-FILTER-GRAPH"});
            return;
        }

        AVFilterContext *bufferSinkCtx;
        AVFilterContext *bufferSrcCtx;

        const AVFilter *bufferSink = avfilter_get_by_name("buffersink");
        const AVFilter *bufferSrc = avfilter_get_by_name("buffer");

        // input filter
        char filterInArgs[512];
        snprintf(filterInArgs, sizeof(filterInArgs), "video_size=%dx%d:pix_fmt=%d:time_base=%d/%d:pixel_aspect=%d/%d", inputCodecPar->width, inputCodecPar->height, inputCodecCtx->pix_fmt, timeBase.num, timeBase.den, inputCodecCtx->sample_aspect_ratio.num, inputCodecCtx->sample_aspect_ratio.den);

        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Buffer src args: {}", filterInArgs);

        int retFilterIn = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&bufferSrcCtx, bufferSrc, "in", filterInArgs, nullptr, filterGraph);
        if (retFilterIn < 0)
        {
            char err[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(err, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, retFilterIn);
            spdlog::error("Failed to create bufferSrcCtx: {}", err);
            r(std::string{"ERROR-CREATE-FILTER-SRC"});
            return;
        }

        // output filter
        int retFilterOut = avfilter_graph_create_filter(&bufferSinkCtx, bufferSink, "out", nullptr, nullptr, filterGraph);

        if (retFilterOut < 0)
        {
            char err[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(err, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, retFilterOut);
            spdlog::error("Failed to create bufferSinkCtx: {}", err);
            r(std::string{"ERROR-CREATE-FILTER-SINK"});
            return;
        }

        enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmts[] = {AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE};
        av_opt_set_int_list(bufferSinkCtx, "pix_fmts", pix_fmts, AV_PIX_FMT_NONE, AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN);

        // add filters to graph and link them
        const char *filterSpec = "drawtext=text='Legenda Adicionada Automaticamente Via FFMPEG e C++': fontcolor=yellow: bordercolor=black: fontfile='/Users/paulo/Downloads/roboto/Roboto-Black.ttf'";
        const AVFilter *filter = avfilter_get_by_name("drawtext");

        AVFilterInOut *outputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();
        AVFilterInOut *inputs = avfilter_inout_alloc();

        outputs->name = av_strdup("in");
        outputs->filter_ctx = bufferSrcCtx;
        outputs->pad_idx = 0;
        outputs->next = nullptr;
        inputs->name = av_strdup("out");
        inputs->filter_ctx = bufferSinkCtx;
        inputs->pad_idx = 0;
        inputs->next = nullptr;

        if (avfilter_graph_parse_ptr(filterGraph, filterSpec, &inputs, &outputs, nullptr) < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Failed to parse filter graph");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-PARSE-FILTER"});
            return;
        }

        if (avfilter_graph_config(filterGraph, nullptr) < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Failed to configure filter graph");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-CONFIG-FILTER"});
            return;
        }

        // header
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Writing header...");

        if (avformat_write_header(outputFormatCtx, nullptr) < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Error writing header");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-WRITE-HEADER"});
            return;
        }

        // read frames and write to output
        AVPacket *packet = av_packet_alloc();
        AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();

        frame->format = inputCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
        frame->width = inputCodecCtx->width;
        frame->height = inputCodecCtx->height;

        AVFrame *filt_frame = av_frame_alloc();

        filt_frame->format = inputCodecCtx->pix_fmt;
        filt_frame->width = inputCodecCtx->width;
        filt_frame->height = inputCodecCtx->height;

        while (av_read_frame(inputFormatCtx, packet) >= 0)
        {
            if (packet->stream_index == videoStreamIndex)
            {
                if (avcodec_send_packet(inputCodecCtx, packet) < 0)
                {
                    spdlog::error("Error sending packet for decoding");
                    r(std::string{"ERROR-SEND-PACKET-DECODE"});
                    return;
                }

                while (avcodec_receive_frame(inputCodecCtx, frame) == 0)
                {
                    // Envia o quadro decodificado para o gráfico de filtro
                    if (av_buffersrc_add_frame_flags(bufferSrcCtx, frame, AV_BUFFERSRC_FLAG_KEEP_REF) < 0)
                    {
                        spdlog::error("Error while feeding the filtergraph");
                        r(std::string{"ERROR-FEED-FILTERGRAPH"});
                        return;
                    }

                    // Recebe um quadro do gráfico de filtro
                    if (av_buffersink_get_frame(bufferSinkCtx, filt_frame) < 0)
                    {
                        spdlog::error("Error while receiving the filtered frame");
                        r(std::string{"ERROR-RECEIVE-FILTERED-FRAME"});
                        return;
                    }

                    // Envia o quadro decodificado para re-codificação
                    int retSendFrame = avcodec_send_frame(outputCodecCtx, filt_frame);
                    if (retSendFrame < 0)
                    {
                        char err[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
                        av_make_error_string(err, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, retSendFrame);
                        spdlog::error("Error sending frame for encoding: {}", err);
                        r(std::string{"ERROR-SEND-FRAME-ENCODE"});
                        return;
                    }

                    AVPacket *output_packet = av_packet_alloc();
                    output_packet->data = nullptr;
                    output_packet->size = 0;

                    // Re-codifica filt_frame para um pacote
                    if (avcodec_receive_packet(outputCodecCtx, output_packet) == 0)
                    {
                        // Escreve o pacote no fluxo de saída
                        av_write_frame(outputFormatCtx, output_packet);
                        av_packet_unref(output_packet);
                    }

                    av_frame_unref(filt_frame);
                }

                // time
                packet->pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet->pts, inputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
                packet->dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet->dts, inputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
                packet->duration = av_rescale_q(packet->duration, inputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[videoStreamIndex]->time_base);
                packet->stream_index = videoStreamIndex;

                // write packet to output video stream
                av_interleaved_write_frame(outputFormatCtx, packet);
            }
            else if (packet->stream_index == audioStreamIndex)
            {
                // rescale timestamps
                packet->pts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet->pts, inputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
                packet->dts = av_rescale_q_rnd(packet->dts, inputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base, (AVRounding)(AV_ROUND_NEAR_INF | AV_ROUND_PASS_MINMAX));
                packet->duration = av_rescale_q(packet->duration, inputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base, outputFormatCtx->streams[audioStreamIndex]->time_base);
                packet->stream_index = audioStreamIndex;

                // write packet to output audio stream
                av_interleaved_write_frame(outputFormatCtx, packet);
            }

            av_packet_unref(packet);
        }

        av_packet_free(&packet);
        av_frame_free(&frame);
        av_frame_free(&filt_frame);

        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Writing trailer...");

        if (av_write_trailer(outputFormatCtx) < 0)
        {
            spdlog::error("Error writing trailer");
            r(std::string{"ERROR-WRITE-TRAILER"});
            return;
        }

        // cleanup
        spdlog::debug("[Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Cleaning...");

        if (!(outputFormatCtx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
        {
            avio_closep(&outputFormatCtx->pb);
        }

        avcodec_free_context(&inputCodecCtx);
        avcodec_free_context(&inputAudioCodecCtx);
        avcodec_free_context(&outputCodecCtx);
        avcodec_free_context(&outputAudioCodecCtx);

        avformat_free_context(inputFormatCtx);
        avformat_free_context(outputFormatCtx);

        r(std::string{"OK"});
    }
    catch (const std::exception &e)
    {
        spdlog::error("Error: {}", e.what());
        r(std::string{"ERROR"});
    }
}


  


  The error is :

  


  [2023-10-17 06:30:16.936] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Adding subtitle...
[2023-10-17 06:30:16.936] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing input video...
[NULL @ 0x153604a60] Opening '/Users/paulo/Downloads/movie.mp4' for reading
[file @ 0x6000001fd170] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto,data'
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 probed with size=2048 and score=100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] ISO: File Type Major Brand: isom
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Processing st: 0, edit list 0 - media time: 0, duration: 2669670
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Processing st: 1, edit list 0 - media time: 1024, duration: 4272096
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] drop a frame at curr_cts: 0 @ 0
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 113542488 bytes read:110788 seeks:1 nb_streams:2
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] Decoding VUI
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] demuxer injecting skip 1024 / discard 0
[aac @ 0x1536056f0] skip 1024 / discard 0 samples due to side data
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] Decoding VUI
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 6(SEI), nal_ref_idc: 0
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0x153604cd0] Reinit context to 1088x1920, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] All info found
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x153604a60] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 195211 bytes read:305951 seeks:2 frames:2
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.160] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing input audio...
[h264 @ 0x143604330] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x143604330] Decoding VUI
[h264 @ 0x143604330] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.160] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing output video...
[h264 @ 0x143611ec0] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x143611ec0] Decoding VUI
[h264 @ 0x143611ec0] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3
[file @ 0x6000001f4000] Setting default whitelist 'file,crypto,data'
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.167] [debug] Pixel Format: YUV420P
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.167] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing output audio...
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.167] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Initializing filters...
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.168] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Buffer src args: video_size=1080x1920:pix_fmt=0:time_base=1/30000:pixel_aspect=1/1
detected 10 logical cores
[in @ 0x6000004ec0b0] Setting 'video_size' to value '1080x1920'
[in @ 0x6000004ec0b0] Setting 'pix_fmt' to value '0'
[in @ 0x6000004ec0b0] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/30000'
[in @ 0x6000004ec0b0] Setting 'pixel_aspect' to value '1/1'
[in @ 0x6000004ec0b0] w:1080 h:1920 pixfmt:yuv420p tb:1/30000 fr:0/1 sar:1/1
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x6000017e8000] Setting 'text' to value 'Legenda Adicionada Automaticamente Via FFMPEG e C++'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x6000017e8000] Setting 'fontcolor' to value 'yellow'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x6000017e8000] Setting 'bordercolor' to value 'black'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x6000017e8000] Setting 'fontfile' to value '/Users/paulo/Downloads/roboto/Roboto-Black.ttf'
[AVFilterGraph @ 0x6000017e8000] query_formats: 3 queried, 2 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.172] [debug] [Mapping :: callbackAddSubtitle] Writing header...
[h264 @ 0x143604330] nal_unit_type: 6(SEI), nal_ref_idc: 0
[h264 @ 0x143604330] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 3
[h264 @ 0x143604330] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().
[h264 @ 0x143604330] Reinit context to 1088x1920, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x6000004f4160] Copying data in avfilter.
[Parsed_drawtext_0 @ 0x6000004f4160] n:0 t:0.000000 text_w:424 text_h:16 x:0 y:0
[2023-10-17 06:30:18.182] [error] Error sending frame for encoding: Invalid argument
Returned Value: ERROR-SEND-FRAME-ENCODE