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  • CJEU rules US cloud servers don’t comply with GDPR and what this means for web analytics

    17 juillet 2020, par Jake Thornton

    Breaking news : On July 16, 2020, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has ruled that any cloud services hosted in the US are incapable of complying with the GDPR and EU privacy laws.

    In August 2016, the EU-US Privacy Shield framework came into effect, which “protects the fundamental rights of anyone in the EU whose personal data is transferred to the United States for commercial purposes. It allows the free transfer of data to companies that are certified in the US under the Privacy Shield.” – European Commission website

    However after today’s CJEU ruling, this Privacy Shield framework became invalidated due to significant differences between EU and US privacy laws.

    European privacy law activist Max Schrems summarises with “The Court clarified for a second time now that there is a clash between EU privacy law and US surveillance law. As the EU will not change its fundamental rights to please the NSA, the only way to overcome this clash is for the US to introduce solid privacy rights for all people – including foreigners. Surveillance reform thereby becomes crucial for the business interests of Silicon Valley.” – noyb website

    Today’s ruling also continues to spark concern into the legitimacy of US privacy laws which doesn’t fully protect people’s personal data when hosted on cloud servers based in the US.

    Web analytics hosted on US cloud servers don’t comply with GDPR

    How will this affect you ?

    For any business operating a website in the EU or if you have traffic coming to your website from EU visitors, you need to know what data you’re capturing and where this data is being stored.

    Here’s what Maja Smoltczyk (Berlin’s Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information) says :

    Controllers who transfer personal data to the USA, especially when using cloud-based services, are now required to switch immediately to service providers based in the European Union or a country that can
    ensure an adequate level of data protection. 
    The CJEU has made it refreshingly clear that data exports are not just financial decisions, as people’s fundamental rights must also be considered as a matter of priority. This ruling will put
    an end to the transfer of personal data to the USA
    for the sake of convenience or to cut costs.

    The controller is you (not Google) and by transferring data to the US you are at risk of being fined up to €20 million or 4% of your annual worldwide turnover for not being GDPR compliant. 

    It’s you who has to take action, not Google or other US companies. The court’s decision has immediate effect. While we assume there will be a grace period, companies should act now as finding and implementing alternatives solution can take a while. 

    Can no data be exported outside the EU anymore ?

    Data can still be exported outside the EU if an adequate level of data protection is guaranteed. This is the case for some trading partners of the EU such as New Zealand, Japan, Switzerland, and Canada. They have been certified by the EU as having a comparable level of privacy protection and therefore demonstrate adequacy at a country level.

    Necessary data can still flow to countries like the US too. This is for example the case when someone books a hotel in the US or when sending an email to someone in the US. Backups for disaster recovery and most other reasons don’t qualify as necessary.

    In all other cases you can still send data to countries like the US if you get explicit and informed consent from a user. Meaning the user has been informed about all possible risks of sending the data to the US and who can access the data (for example the US government).

    How this affects Google Analytics and Google Tag Manager users

    If your website is using Google Analytics, the safest bet is to deactivate it immediately. Otherwise, you must ask for consent from everyone who visits your website and inform them that the data will be processed in the United States under less strict privacy laws and all associated risks. If you don’t, you could be liable to privacy law infringements and face being fined for not complying with the GDPR. This also applies to Google Tag Manager as it transfers the IP address to the US which is considered personal data under the GDPR.

    Consent needs to be :

    • Freely given (the user must have a choice to not give consent and be able to opt out at any time) 
    • Informed (you need to disclose who is processing the data, what data is processed, where the data will be stored and how to opt out) 
    • Specific (consent is only valid for the specific informed purpose) 
    • Unambiguous (for example pre-ticked boxes or similar aren’t allowed)
    Web analytics that complies with GDPR

    If users don’t give you consent, you are not allowed to track them using Google Analytics or any other US based cloud solution.

    Update August 19, 2020

    A month after this ruling, over 100 complaints have been filed against websites for continuing to send data to the US via Google Analytics or Facebook, by the European privacy campaign group noyb. It’s clear Google and Facebook fall under US surveillance laws such as FISA 702 and the court clearly ruled these companies cannot rely on SCCs to transfer data to the US. Anyone still using Google Analytics is now at risk of facing fines and compensation damages

    How this affects Matomo users

    Our cloud servers are based in Germany.

    Matomo On-Premise users choose the location of their data themselves. If the servers are located in the EU nothing changes. If the servers are located outside the EU and the website targets EU users and tracks personal data, then you need to assess whether you are required to ask for tracking consent.

    If the data is stored inside the EU you can use Matomo without asking for any consent and you can continue tracking users even if they reject a consent screen which greatly increases the quality of your data.

    Want to avoid informing users about transferring their data to the US and all associated risks ?

    Try Matomo now for free ! No credit card required.

  • Cant link against ffmpeg static build

    24 mars 2017, par David Barishev

    I have build ffmpeg libraries statically for x86 android using a custom configuration.Now i wanted to add them in my android project.

    Im using ffmpeg 3.2.git, android studio 2.3.

    I created a folder named distribution which had my binaries, and the minimum headers i needed for it to not tell me about missing header (Except for the avutil- i just included them all), located the root of my project.
    Here is a file tree :

    distribution
    ├── libavcodec
    │   ├── lib
    │   │   └── x86
    │   │       └── libavcodec.a
    │   ├── avcodec.h
    │   └── version.h
    ├── libavfilter
    │   ├── lib
    │   │   └── x86
    │   │       └── libavfilter.a
    │   ├── avfiltergraph.h
    │   └── avfilter.h
    ├── libavformat
    │   ├── lib
    │   │   └── x86
    │   │       └── libavformat.a
    │   ├── avformat.h
    │   ├── avio.h
    │   └── version.h
    ├── libavutil
    │   ├── lib
    │   │   └── x86
    │   │       └── libavutil.a
    │   ├── attributes.h
    │   ├── avconfig.h
    │   ├── avutil.h
    │   ├── buffer.h
    │   ├── buffer_internal.h
    │   ├── camellia.h
    │   ├── cast5.h
    │   ├── channel_layout.h
    │   ├── colorspace.h
    │   ├── color_utils.h
    │   ├── common.h
    │   ├── cpu.h
    │   ├── cpu_internal.h
    │   ├── crc.h
    │   ├── des.h
    │   ├── dict.h
    │   ├── display.h
    │   ├── downmix_info.h
    │   ├── dynarray.h
    │   ├── error.h
    │   ├── eval.h
    │   ├── ffmath.h
    │   ├── ffversion.h
    │   ├── fifo.h
    │   ├── file.h
    │   ├── fixed_dsp.h
    │   ├── float_dsp.h
    │   ├── frame.h
    │   ├── hash.h
    │   ├── hmac.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_cuda.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_cuda_internal.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_dxva2.h
    │   ├── hwcontext.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_internal.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_qsv.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_vaapi.h
    │   ├── hwcontext_vdpau.h
    │   ├── imgutils.h
    │   ├── integer.h
    │   ├── internal.h
    │   ├── intfloat.h
    │   ├── intmath.h
    │   ├── intreadwrite.h
    │   ├── lfg.h
    │   ├── libm.h
    │   ├── lls.h
    │   ├── log.h
    │   ├── lzo.h
    │   ├── macros.h
    │   ├── mastering_display_metadata.h
    │   ├── mathematics.h
    │   ├── md5.h
    │   ├── mem.h
    │   ├── mem_internal.h
    │   ├── motion_vector.h
    │   ├── murmur3.h
    │   ├── opencl.h
    │   ├── opencl_internal.h
    │   ├── opt.h
    │   ├── parseutils.h
    │   ├── pca.h
    │   ├── pixdesc.h
    │   ├── pixelutils.h
    │   ├── pixfmt.h
    │   ├── qsort.h
    │   ├── random_seed.h
    │   ├── rational.h
    │   ├── rc4.h
    │   ├── replaygain.h
    │   ├── reverse.h
    │   ├── ripemd.h
    │   ├── samplefmt.h
    │   ├── sha512.h
    │   ├── sha.h
    │   ├── softfloat.h
    │   ├── softfloat_ieee754.h
    │   ├── softfloat_tables.h
    │   ├── spherical.h
    │   ├── stereo3d.h
    │   ├── tablegen.h
    │   ├── tea.h
    │   ├── thread.h
    │   ├── threadmessage.h
    │   ├── timecode.h
    │   ├── time.h
    │   ├── time_internal.h
    │   ├── timer.h
    │   ├── timestamp.h
    │   ├── tree.h
    │   ├── twofish.h
    │   └── version.h
    └── libswresample
       ├── lib
       │   └── x86
       │       └── libswresample.a
       ├── swresample.h
       └── swresample_internal.h

    I edited my cmake to include the libraries :

    add_library(
            native-lib
            SHARED
            src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp )

    set(distribution_DIR ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/../distribution)

    add_library(lib_avcodec STATIC IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(lib_avcodec PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
       ${distribution_DIR}/libavcodec/lib/${ANDROID_ABI}/libavcodec.a)

    add_library(lib_avfilter STATIC IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(lib_avfilter PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
       ${distribution_DIR}/libavfilter/lib/${ANDROID_ABI}/libavfilter.a)

    add_library(lib_avformat STATIC IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(lib_avformat PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
       ${distribution_DIR}/libavformat/lib/${ANDROID_ABI}/libavformat.a)

    add_library(lib_avutil STATIC IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(lib_avutil PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
       ${distribution_DIR}/libavutil/lib/${ANDROID_ABI}/libavutil.a)

    add_library(lib_swresample STATIC IMPORTED)
    set_target_properties(lib_swresample PROPERTIES IMPORTED_LOCATION
       ${distribution_DIR}/libswresample/lib/${ANDROID_ABI}/libswresample.a)


    include_directories(
                             ${distribution_DIR}
                             )


    target_link_libraries(
                          native-lib

                          lib_avcodec
                          lib_avfilter
                          lib_avformat
                          lib_avutil
                          lib_swresample
                           )

    I also restricted the build to only x86, in my app build.gradle :

    ndk {
               // Specifies the ABI configurations of your native
               // libraries Gradle should build and package with your APK.
               abiFilters 'x86'
       }

    The project gradle sync worked successfully.
    I wrote the following code in my cpp file :

    #include


    extern "C"{
       #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
    }
    JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
    Java_com_example_david_testffmpegcpp_MainActivity_stringFromJNI(
           JNIEnv *env,
           jobject /* this */) {

       av_register_all ();
       avformat_network_init ();


    }

    Just to check if the library works, but i cant seem to link against the libraries correctly. It complains about undefined symbols.
    What did i do wrong ?

    Error :

    [2/2] Linking CXX shared library

    ..\..\..\..\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\x86\libnative-lib.so
    FAILED: cmd.exe /C "cd . && D:\AndroidSDK\ndk-bundle\toolchains\llvm\prebuilt\windows-x86_64\bin\clang++.exe  --target=i686-none-linux-android --gcc-toolchain=D:/AndroidSDK/ndk-bundle/toolchains/x86-4.9/prebuilt/windows-x86_64 --sysroot=D:/AndroidSDK/ndk-bundle/platforms/android-16/arch-x86 -fPIC -g -DANDROID -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -mstackrealign -Wa,--noexecstack -Wformat -Werror=format-security  -g -DANDROID -ffunction-sections -funwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -no-canonical-prefixes -mstackrealign -Wa,--noexecstack -Wformat -Werror=format-security   -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info -O0 -fno-limit-debug-info  -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--warn-shared-textrel -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,noexecstack -Qunused-arguments -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--build-id -Wl,--warn-shared-textrel -Wl,--fatal-warnings -Wl,--no-undefined -Wl,-z,noexecstack -Qunused-arguments -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -shared -Wl,-soname,libnative-lib.so -o ..\..\..\..\build\intermediates\cmake\debug\obj\x86\libnative-lib.so CMakeFiles/native-lib.dir/src/main/cpp/native-lib.cpp.o  -llog ../../../../../distribution/libavcodec/lib/x86/libavcodec.a ../../../../../distribution/libavfilter/lib/x86/libavfilter.a ../../../../../distribution/libavformat/lib/x86/libavformat.a ../../../../../distribution/libavutil/lib/x86/libavutil.a ../../../../../distribution/libswresample/lib/x86/libswresample.a -lm "D:/AndroidSDK/ndk-bundle/sources/cxx-stl/gnu-libstdc++/4.9/libs/x86/libgnustl_static.a" && cd ."
    src/libavformat/allformats.c:51: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_register_all'
     src/libavformat/id3v2.c:1009: error: undefined reference to 'uncompress'
     src/libavformat/id3v2.c:1153: error: undefined reference to 'av_init_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1393: error: undefined reference to 'inflateInit_'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1408: error: undefined reference to 'inflate'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1401: error: undefined reference to 'inflateEnd'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1411: error: undefined reference to 'inflateEnd'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3113: error: undefined reference to 'av_new_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3134: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_new_side_data'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2855: error: undefined reference to 'av_new_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3147: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_new_side_data'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3022: error: undefined reference to 'av_new_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3031: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_new_side_data'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3042: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_new_side_data'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:3151: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_unref'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2680: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_unref'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:963: error: undefined reference to 'av_fast_padded_malloc'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2163: error: undefined reference to 'av_get_codec_tag_string'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2680: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_unref'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2579: error: undefined reference to 'av_init_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2580: error: undefined reference to 'av_new_packet'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1715: error: undefined reference to 'avpriv_mpeg4audio_sample_rates'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1715: error: undefined reference to 'avpriv_mpeg4audio_sample_rates'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1715: error: undefined reference to 'avpriv_mpeg4audio_sample_rates'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:1866: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_chroma_pos_to_enum'
     src/libavformat/matroskadec.c:2680: error: undefined reference to 'av_packet_unref'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:2482: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_get_type'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:646: error: undefined reference to 'avpriv_split_xiph_headers'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:1066: error: undefined reference to 'av_get_bits_per_sample'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:723: error: undefined reference to 'avpriv_mpeg4audio_get_config'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:875: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_enum_to_chroma_pos'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:813: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_get_name'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:806: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_get_name'
     src/libavformat/matroskaenc.c:824: error: undefined reference to 'avcodec_get_name'
     .....
  • OpenCV and Cloud Cameras

    8 mai 2014, par Alexander

    So as a bit of context ; this program was built originally to work with USB cameras - but a few things changed. I’m trying to convert it to work with networked cameras, but my presence here should make it quite apparent what my level of success has been. I still consider myself somewhat new at programming, and definately new at visual processing/OpenCV - so please forgive a few blunders if I make them. I’m going to try to provide as much detail as possible, so apologies for the length below.


    I’m using :

    • OpenCV 2.4.6.0
    • Microsoft Visual Studio Express 2012
    • C++
    • D-Link Cloud Camera 7100

    I am trying to access the DLink camera’s video feed through OpenCV.

    I can access the camera through it’s IP address with a browser without any issues. Unfourtunately ; my program is less cooperative. I’ve put it on two computers (excluding the computer it gets compiled on, which for unrelated/unchangable reasons cannot be placed on the same network the network camera is on) which both fail to grant my program access to the camera. One computer gives the OpenCV-generated error :

    warning : Error opening file (../../modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:529)

    This error occurs with just about everything I try that doesn’t somehow generate more problems. The other computer (same code) generates no such error - it just doesn’t get the camera’s output either.

    For reference - the code in OpenCV’s cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp around line 529 is as follows :

    522    bool CvCapture_FFMPEG::open( const char* _filename )
    523    {
    524        unsigned i;
    525        bool valid = false;
    526
    527        close();
    528
    529    #if LIBAVFORMAT_BUILD >= CALC_FFMPEG_VERSION(52, 111, 0)
    530        int err = avformat_open_input(&ic, _filename, NULL, NULL);
    531    #else
    532        int err = av_open_input_file(&ic, _filename, NULL, 0, NULL);
    533    #endif
    ...
    616    }

    ...for which I have no idea what I’m looking at.

    My entire program is rather large, so I’m editing it down as much as possible to help keep this readable - if I miss something you think is important please leave a comment telling me as much so I can throw it in...

    First up - this is one of the first things in main() so I don’t have to recompile every time I want to try a different value :

    3380    cout << "Please Enter Video Location: ";
    3381    cin >> videoFeedAddress;
    3382    cout << "videoFeedAddress: " << videoFeedAddress << endl;

    Just a simple string value.
    Next up - the actual place we’re having the problem ! Probably...

    Note that in the below code - if networkCam is false and a USB camera is connected there is no problem. The error here is caused by line 153.

    121    void displayCameraView()
    122    {
    123     if(camviewOn) // displayCameraView is triggered by a button the user can press as often as they want. Doesn't mean we want to let them break everything.
    124     {return;}
    125     else
    126     {
    127         CvCapture* cv_cap;
    128         VideoCapture cv_cap_IP;
    129         Mat color_img_IP;
    130         camviewOn = true;
    131         int capture;
    132         IplImage* color_img;
    133         if(!networkCam)
    134         {
    135             cv_cap = cvCaptureFromCAM(0);
    136             Sleep(100);
    137             if(!cv_cap)
    138             {
    139                 setExitError(1002);
    140                 if(textOutput){cout << "Video Error: Video input will not work.\n";}
    141                 MessageBox(hwnd, "Error opening camera.", "Error", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    142                 cvReleaseCapture( &cv_cap );
    143                 cvDestroyWindow("Camera View");
    144                 return;
    145             }
    146             color_img = cvQueryFrame(cv_cap);
    147             clickPointStorage.create(((Mat)color_img).rows, ((Mat)color_img).cols, CV_8UC3);
    148         }
    149         else
    150         {
    151             ///*\
    152            
    153             cv_cap_IP.open(videoFeedAddress);
    154             Sleep(100);
    155             if(!cv_cap_IP.isOpened())
    156             {
    157                 setExitError(1002);
    158                 if(textOutput){cout << "Video Error: Video input will not work.\n";}
    159                 MessageBox(hwnd, "Error opening camera.", "Error", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    160                 cvDestroyWindow("Camera View");
    161                 return;
    162             }
    163             clickPointStorage.create(color_img_IP.rows, color_img_IP.cols, CV_8UC3);
    164    
    165             //\*/
    166         }
    167         clickPointStorage.setTo(Scalar(0, 0, 0));
    168         cvNamedWindow("Camera View", 0); // create window
    169         cvSetMouseCallback("Camera View", CallBackFunc, NULL);
    170         IplImage* IplClickPointStorage = new IplImage(clickPointStorage);
    171         IplImage* Ipl_IP_Img;
    172        
    173         if(!networkCam)
    174         {
    175             for(;;)
    176             {
    177                 IplClickPointStorage = new IplImage(clickPointStorage);
    178                 cvAdd(cvQueryFrame(cv_cap), IplClickPointStorage, color_img); // get frame
    181                 cvShowImage("Camera View", color_img); // show frame
    182                 capture = cvWaitKey(10); // wait 10 ms or for key stroke
    183                 if(capture == 27 || capture == 13 || capture == 32){break;} // if ESC, Return, or space; close window.
    184             }
    185             /* clean up */
    186             cvReleaseCapture( &cv_cap );
    187             delete cv_cap;
    188             delete IplClickPointStorage;
    189         }
    190         else
    191         {
    192             ///*\
    193    
    194             for(;;)
    195             {
    196                 cv_cap_IP.read(color_img_IP);
    197                 IplClickPointStorage = new IplImage(clickPointStorage);
    198                 Ipl_IP_Img = new IplImage(color_img_IP);
    199                 cvAdd(Ipl_IP_Img, IplClickPointStorage, color_img);
    200                 cvShowImage("Camera View", color_img); // show frame
    201                 capture = cvWaitKey(10); // wait 10 ms or for key stroke
    202                 if(capture == 27 || capture == 13 || capture == 32){break;} // if ESC, Return, or space; close window.
    203             }
    204             cv_cap_IP.release();
    205             delete Ipl_IP_Img;
    206             delete IplClickPointStorage;
    207    
    208             //\*/
    209         }
    210         cvDestroyWindow("Camera View");
    211         camviewOn = false;
    212     }
    213     return;
    214    }

    As I said, on one computer I get the above error - both of them give me my own error from here :

    155             if(!cv_cap_IP.isOpened())
    156             {
    157                 setExitError(1002);
    158                 if(textOutput){cout << "Video Error: Video input will not work.\n";}
    159                 MessageBox(hwnd, "Error opening camera.", "Error", MB_ICONEXCLAMATION);
    160                 cvDestroyWindow("Camera View");
    161                 return;
    162             }

    ...which of course tells me cv_cap_IP is not open. One of my primary concerns is with the videoFeedAddress variable. No value I enter seems to get a different result.

    I searched the Googles - and come across a number of different "possible" answers - but none of them seem to work for me. If you attempt to google it yourself you may come across some of these :

    1. This is one of the first configurations my code was in. No dice.
    2. This one is talking about files - not cameras. It also mentions codecs - but I wouldn’t be able to watch it in a web browser if that were the problem, right ? (Correct me if I’m wrong here...)
    3. This one has the wrong error code/points to the wrong line of code !
    4. This one mentions compiling OpenCV with ffmpeg support - but I believe 2.4.6.0 already comes with that all set and ready ! Otherwise it’s not that different from what I’ve already tried.
    5. Now THIS one appears to be very similar to what I have, but the only proposed solution doesn’t really help as I had already located a list of connections. I do not believe this is a duplicate, because as per THIS meta discussion I had a lot more information and so didn’t feel comfortable taking over someone else’s question - especially if I end up needing to add even more information later.

    Back to the videoFeedAddress variable : I found THIS site that lists a number of possible addresses to connect to it. since there exists no 7100 anywhere in the list - and the install is the same for the DCS-7010L I used the addresses found next to the DCS-7010L listings. Most of them can be reached through the browser, confirming that they reach the camera - but they don’t seem to affect the outcome when I change them.

    As per many of the above links, I’ve tried many of them both with any without username:password, port number (554), and variations on ?.mjpg (the format) at the end.

    Any ideas ?