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• Calling FFMPEG with Boost.Process

  10 février 2016, par CadentOrange

  I’m trying to call FFMPEG from my C++ process to stream video from an IP camera. The FFMPEG command I use is ffmpeg.exe -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://10.0.1.21/ONVIF/MediaInput?profile=1_def_profile4 -f image2pipe -pix_fmt rgb24 -vcodec rawvideo -r 15 -. I’ve verified this command in the command prompt and it does start a video stream and dumps the frames to stdout. I’ve also written similar code in Python and it works.

  This is the code I’m using to call FFMPEG with the arguments from the previous paragraph in C++ and read the individual frames from stdout.

  bool build_ffmpeg_arguments(const std::string &uri, std::vector &args)
  
  {
  
      args.push_back("-rtsp_transport");
  
      args.push_back("tcp");
  
      args.push_back("-i");
  
      args.push_back(uri);
  
      args.push_back("-f");
  
      args.push_back("image2pipe");
  
      args.push_back("-pix_fmt");
  
      args.push_back("rgb24");
  
      args.push_back("-vcodec");
  
      args.push_back("rawvideo");
  
      args.push_back("-r");
  
      args.push_back("15");
  
      args.push_back("-");
  
  
  
      return true;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  boost::process::child start_ffmpeg(const std::string &uri,
  
                                     const std::string &ffmpeg_path = "c:\\Tools\\ffmpeg.exe")
  
  {
  
      std::vector args;
  
      build_ffmpeg_arguments(uri, args);
  
  
  
      boost::process::context ctx;
  
      ctx.stdout_behavior = boost::process::capture_stream();
  
      ctx.stderr_behavior = boost::process::capture_stream();
  
  
  
      return boost::process::launch(ffmpeg_path, args, ctx);
  
  }
  
  
  
  bool read_frame(boost::process::pistream &amp;is, int frame_size, std::vector<char> &amp;frame_bytes)
  
  {
  
      char *buffer = new char[frame_size];
  
  
  
      frame_bytes.clear();
  
      is.read(buffer, frame_size);
  
      int bytes_read = is.gcount();
  
      frame_bytes.assign(buffer, buffer + bytes_read);
  
  
  
  //    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Is Bad: " &lt;&lt; is.bad() &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  
  //    std::cout &lt;&lt; "Is EOF: " &lt;&lt; is.eof() &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  
  //    std::cout &lt;&lt; "gcount: " &lt;&lt; bytes_read &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  
  
  
      delete[] buffer;
  
      if(is.bad() || is.eof() || bytes_read &lt; frame_size)
  
      {
  
          //We read in gunk, skip this time.
  
          is.clear();
  
          return false;
  
      }
  
      else
  
      {
  
          return true;
  
      }
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  //This is where the code is invoked.
  
  BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ffmpeg_stream)
  
  {
  
      std::string uri = "rtsp://10.0.1.21/ONVIF/MediaInput?profile=1_def_profile4";
  
      int width = 320;
  
      int height = 240;
  
      int bpp = 3;
  
      int bytes_expected = width * height * 3;
  
      boost::process::child c = start_ffmpeg(uri);
  
      boost::process::pistream &amp;is = c.get_stdout();
  
      boost::process::pistream &amp;err = c.get_stderr();
  
  
  
      std::vector<char> buffer;
  
      bool result = read_frame(is, bytes_expected, buffer);
  
      //BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(true, result);
  
      std::cout &lt;&lt; "Buffer size: " &lt;&lt; buffer.size() &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  
  
  
      std::string line;
  
      while (std::getline(err, line))
  
          std::cout &lt;&lt; line &lt;&lt; std::endl;
  
  }
  
  </char></char>

  The output from stderr suggests that the parameters could be passed in wrong.

  ffmpeg version 2.8.3 Copyright (c) 2000-2015 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with gcc 5.2.0 (GCC)
  
    configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-av
  
  isynth --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enab
  
  le-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --
  
  enable-libdcadec --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-l
  
  ibilbc --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enab
  
  le-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --en
  
  able-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --ena
  
  ble-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-libvo-amrwbenc
  
   --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enabl
  
  e-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --ena
  
  ble-decklink --enable-zlib
  
    libavutil      54. 31.100 / 54. 31.100
  
    libavcodec     56. 60.100 / 56. 60.100
  
    libavformat    56. 40.101 / 56. 40.101
  
    libavdevice    56.  4.100 / 56.  4.100
  
    libavfilter     5. 40.101 /  5. 40.101
  
    libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
  
    libswresample   1.  2.101 /  1.  2.101
  
    libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
  
  rtsp://10.0.1.21/ONVIF/MediaInput?profile=1_def_profile4: Unknown error

  Is there a way of showing the full command line with arguments that boost::process::launch is calling ? Is there anything obvious that I’m doing wrong with boost::process ?

  Update :

  Suspecting that it could be the command line arguments being passed in wrong, I’ve created a dummy executable that prints out the command line arguments it receives. It’s a drop-in replacement for ffmpeg.exe purely so that I can see what command lines are being passed. The command line I’m getting is -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://10.0.1.21/ONVIF/MediaInput?profile=1_def_profile4 -f image2pipe -pix_fmt rgb24 -vcodec rawvideo -r 15 -. Manually calling ffmpeg with that command line works as expected. Yet somehow it doesn’t work when launched via boost::process.

  ** Solution **

  It looks like I need to set the the environment field of the context. No idea why that fixes the problem, but it does.

  boost::process::context ctx;
  
  ctx.environment = boost::process::self::get_environment();
  
  ctx.stdout_behavior = boost::process::capture_stream();
  
  ctx.stderr_behavior = boost::process::capture_stream();

• iOS 17’s Impact on Marketing : Navigating Privacy Changes

  22 septembre 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips, Marketing

  In the ever-evolving landscape of digital marketing, staying up-to-date with the latest changes is paramount. One such significant change came on 18 September 2023, in the form of iOS 17, Apple’s latest operating system update. With iOS 17, Apple has introduced new privacy features that are set to have a profound impact on marketers and how they track and analyse user behaviour. 

  In this blog, we will explore what iOS 17 is, how it affects tracking, which tracking parameters are impacted, what remains unaffected, and most importantly, how marketers can future-proof their campaign tracking URLs.

  What is iOS 17 ?

  iOS 17 is the latest update to Apple’s mobile operating system, used on millions of iPhones worldwide. While iOS updates often bring new features and improvements, iOS 17 has made waves in the digital marketing community due to its emphasis on user privacy.

  How does iOS 17 affect tracking ?

  One of the key features of iOS 17 that concerns marketers is its impact on tracking. Apple’s new update aims to enhance user privacy by limiting the information that can be tracked and collected by third-party entities, particularly through query parameters in URLs. This means that certain tracking mechanisms that marketers have relied on for years are now rendered ineffective on iOS 17 devices.

  Campaign tracking URLs, also known as tracking parameters or UTM parameters, are special codes added to the end of URLs. They are used by marketers to track various aspects of a user’s interaction with a digital marketing campaign. These parameters provide valuable data, such as the source of traffic, the medium through which users arrived and specific campaign details.

  For example, with Matomo (mtm) tracking parameters, a campaign tracking URL might look like this :

  https://www.example.com/products/example_product?mtm_campaign=summer-sale

  

  Understanding the impact of iOS 17 on campaign tracking URLs is essential for marketers who rely on this data to measure the effectiveness of their marketing campaigns.

  Which campaign tracking parameters are affected by iOS 17 ?

  Several tracking parameters commonly used by marketers will no longer work as expected on iOS 17. Some of these include :

  • Facebook (fbclid) : Employed for tracking Facebook advertising campaigns. 
  • Instagram (igshid) : Used to track user interactions with Instagram ads.
  • Google Ads (gclid) : Used to track Google Ads campaigns. 
  • Twitter (twclid) : Used to track user interactions with Twitter ads. 
  • Microsoft Ads (msclkid) : Employed for tracking Microsoft Ads campaigns. 
  • Mailchimp (mc_eid) : Used by Mailchimp for email campaign tracking. 

  These changes are significant, as they disrupt many of the common tracking methods that marketers rely on to measure the effectiveness of their campaigns.

  Which campaign tracking parameters are not affected by iOS 17 ?

  While many tracking parameters have been impacted, there are still some that remain unaffected on iOS 17. However, it’s important to note that the status of these parameters might change in the future as Apple continues to prioritise user privacy. Some of the tracking parameters that are still working as of now include :

  • Matomo (mtm) : Matomo campaign tracking parameters. 
  • Google Analytics (UTMs) : Google Analytics campaign tracking parameters.
  • Pinterest (epik) : Used for tracking Pinterest campaigns. 
  • Klaviyo (_kx) : Klaviyo for email marketing tracking. 
  • TikTok (tt-) : Used for tracking TikTok ad interactions. 
  • Hubspot (hsa) : Used for tracking Hubspot campaigns. 

  While these parameters offer some reprieve for marketers, it’s essential to keep a close eye on any potential changes in their functionality as Apple continues to roll out privacy-friendly features.

  How are Matomo users impacted ?

  Fortunately, Matomo, as a leading privacy-friendly web analytics solution, remains unaffected by the changes introduced by iOS 17. Specifically :

  For Matomo users who rely on mtm or UTMs

  If you’re using Matomo or GA tracking parameters, you can rest assured that iOS 17’s changes won’t affect your tracking capabilities in Matomo.

  Attention to gclids (Google Ads) and msclkid (Bing Ads)

  If you use Google Ads or Bing Ads tracking parameters with Matomo’s Advertising Conversion Export feature for tracking, iOS 17 presents a challenge. Your gclids and msclkids may not provide the same level of tracking accuracy on Apple mobile devices. This is a critical consideration, especially if your ad campaigns target mobile users.

  To stay informed about changes in the digital marketing landscape, including updates related to iOS 17, sign up for our newsletter where we regularly provide updates and insights on adapting your tracking and marketing strategies to ensure compliance and respect user privacy.

  How to future-proof your campaign tracking

  Given the impact of iOS 17 on tracking, it’s crucial for marketers to adapt and future-proof their campaign tracking strategies. Here are some steps you can take to mitigate the affects of iOS 17 on your marketing campaigns :

  Monitor platform updates

  Expect updates from advertising and analytics platforms in response to Apple’s privacy changes. These platforms are likely to develop alternative tracking methods or adapt existing ones to comply with iOS 17’s restrictions. Stay informed about these updates and incorporate them into your tracking strategy.

  Prioritise privacy-friendly tech stacks

  In the ever-evolving digital marketing landscape, it’s crucial to prioritise privacy-friendly tech stacks. Privacy-friendly tracking tools like Matomo are essential for maintaining trust and respecting user privacy.

  Matomo ensures the privacy of your users and analytics data. When using Matomo, you retain control of your data ; nobody else does. This commitment to user privacy aligns with the changing digital marketing landscape, where privacy is taking centre stage.

  Transition from affected campaign tracking parameters

  If you’ve been using tools like Mailchimp, whose campaign tracking URLs have been affected by iOS 17, consider transitioning to the campaign tracking URL parameters of your analytics solution. Whether you choose Matomo or Google Analytics, these solutions can help you understand how your email marketing campaigns are performing.

  Focus on data privacy compliance

  Embrace data privacy compliance practices. As privacy regulations evolve, it’s essential to prioritise transparency in data collection. Ensure that your tracking methods align with privacy standards to maintain trust with your audience.

  Regularly review and adapt

  The digital marketing landscape is dynamic, and iOS 17 is just one example of how quickly things can change. Regularly review your tracking methods and adapt to new developments in the industry. Staying agile and informed is key to long-term success.

  Marketers’ path forward

  iOS 17 has reshaped mobile user privacy, challenging marketers to adapt. While some tracking parameters are affected, savvy marketers can still thrive by embracing unique tracking solutions, staying informed about platform updates, and prioritising data privacy. 

  Explore Matomo for privacy-friendly analytics and navigate this evolving landscape successfully with our 21-day free trial – no credit card required. 

• Organic Traffic : What It Is and How to Increase It

  19 septembre 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips

  Organic traffic can be a website’s most valuable source of visitors. But it can also be the hardest form of traffic to acquire. While paid ads can generate traffic almost instantly, you need to invest time and energy into growing traffic from search engines.

  And it all starts with understanding exactly what organic traffic is. 

  If you want to understand what organic traffic is, how to measure it and how to generate more of it, then this article is for you.

  What is organic traffic ?

  Organic traffic is the visitors your website receives from the unpaid results on search engines like Google, Bing and DuckDuckGo. 

  The higher your website ranks in the search engine results pages and the more search terms your website ranks for, the more organic traffic your site will receive. 

  Organic traffic is highly valued by marketers, partly because it has a much higher clickthrough rate than PPC ads. Research shows the top organic result has a 39.8% CTR compared to just 2.1% for paid ads.

  

  So, while you can pay to appear at the top of search engines (using a platform like Google Ads, for instance), you probably won’t receive as much traffic as you would if you were to rank organically in the same search engine.

  What other types of traffic are there ? 

  Organic traffic isn’t the only type of traffic your website can get. You can also receive traffic from the following channels :

  Direct

  People familiar with your site may visit it directly, either by entering your URL into their browser or accessing it through a bookmarked link ; both scenarios are counted as direct traffic.

  Social

  Social traffic includes visits to your website from a social media platform. For example, if someone shares a link to your website on Facebook, any user who clicks on it will be counted as social traffic. 

  Websites

  Social media isn’t the only way for someone to share a link to your website. Any time a visitor finds your website by clicking on a link on another website, it will be counted as “websites”. This is also known as referral traffic on some analytics platforms. 

  Campaign

  Campaign traffic encompasses both paid and unpaid traffic sources. Paid sources include advertising on search engines and social media (also known as PPC or pay-per-click), as well as collaborations with influencers and sponsorships. Unpaid sources, such as your organisation’s email newsletters, cross-promotions with other businesses and other similar methods, are also part of this mix. 

  In simpler terms, it’s the traffic you deliberately direct to your site, and you utilise campaign tracking URLs to measure how these efforts impact your ROI.

  A word on multi-touch attribution

  If you are interested in learning more about types of traffic to track conversions, then it’s important to understand multi-touch attribution. The truth is most customers won’t just use a single traffic channel to find your website. In reality, the modern customer journey has multiple touchpoints, and customers may first find your site through an ad and then search for more about your brand on Google before going directly to your website. 

  

  You are at risk of under or overestimating the effectiveness of a marketing channel without using multi-touch attribution tracking. With this marketing analytics model, you can accurately weigh the impact of every channel and allocate budgets accordingly. 

  What are the benefits of organic traffic ?

  Getting more organic traffic is a common marketing goal for many companies. And it’s not surprising why. There’s a lot to love about organic traffic. 

  For starters, it’s arguably the most cost-effective traffic your site can receive. You will still need to pay to create and distribute organic content (whether it’s a blog post or product page). You don’t need to pay for it to show up in a search engine. You continue to get value from organic traffic long after you’ve created the page, too. A good piece of organic content can receive high volumes of monthly visitors for years. That’s a stark difference from paid ads, where traffic stops as soon as you turn off the ad. 

  It also puts your website in front of a massive audience, with Google alone processing over 3.5 billion searches every day. There’s a good chance that if your target audience is looking for a solution to their problems, they start with Google. 

  Organic traffic is fantastic at building brand awareness. Usually, users aren’t searching for a specific brand or company. They are searching for informational keywords (“how to brew the perfect cup of coffee”) or unbranded transactional keywords (“best home workout machine”). In both cases, customers can use search engines to become aware of your brand. 

  Finally, organic traffic brings in high-quality leads at every marketing funnel stage. Because users are searching for informational and transactional keywords, your site can receive visits from buyers at every stage of the marketing funnel, giving you multiple chances to convert them and helping to increase the number of touch points you have.

  How to check your website’s organic traffic

  You don’t need to complete complex calculations to determine your site’s organic traffic. A web analytics solution like Matomo will accurately measure your site’s organic traffic. 

  In Matomo, on the left-hand sidebar, you can access organic traffic data by clicking Acquisition and then selecting All Channels.

  

  You’ll find a detailed breakdown of all traffic sources, including organic traffic, within the specified timeframe. The report is set to the current day by default, but you can view organic traffic metrics over a day, week, month, year or a date range of your choice.

  If you want to take things further, you can get a detailed view of organic visitors by creating a custom report for “Visitors from Search Engines only.” By creating a custom report with the segment “Channel Type is search”, you’ll be able to combine other metrics like average actions per visit, bounce rate, goal conversions, etc., to create a comprehensive report on your organic traffic and the behavior of these visitors.

  Matomo also lets you integrate Google, Bing and Yahoo search consoles directly into your Matomo Analytics to monitor keyword performance.

  How to increase organic traffic

  Follow these six tips if you want to increase the web traffic you get organically from search engines. 

  Create more and better content

  Here’s the reality : Most websites don’t get much traffic from Google. Only 40% of sites rank on the first page, and just 23% sit in the top three results. 

  Let’s take quality first. The best content tends to rise to the top of search engines. That’s because it gets shared more, receives more backlinks and gets more user engagement. So, if you want to appear at the top of Google results, creating mediocre content probably won’t cut it. You need to go above and beyond what is already there. 

  But you can’t just create one fantastic piece of content and expect to receive thousands of visitors. You need multiple pages targeting as many search terms as possible. The more pages search engines index, the more opportunities you have to rank. Or, to put it another way, the more shots you take, the greater your chances of scoring. 

  Use keyword research tools

  While creating great content is essential, you want to ensure that content targets the right keywords. These keywords receive a suitable amount of traffic and are easy to rank for. 

  Keyword research tools like Ahrefs of Semrush are the easiest way to find high-traffic topics to write about. Specifically, you want to aim for long-tail keywords. These are search terms that contain three or more words. Think “Nike men’s basketball shoe” rather than “basketball shoe.”

  

  As you can see, long tail keywords have a lower monthly search volume (250 vs. 1,100 using the example above) than broad terms but are much easier to rank for (14 vs. 41 Keyword Difficulty).

  

  While the above tools can help you find new topics to write about, Matomo’s Search Engine Keywords Performance plugin can help highlight topics you have already covered that could be expanded.

  

  The plugin automatically connects to APIs from all significant search engines and imports all the keywords people search for when clicking on your websites into your Matomo report. 

  If you find a cluster of keywords on the same topic that generates a lot of visitors, it may be worth creating even more content on that topic. Similarly, if there’s a topic you think you have covered but isn’t generating much traffic, you can look at revising and refreshing your existing content to try to rank higher. 

  Build high-quality backlinks

  Backlinks are arguably the most important Google ranking factor and the primary way Google assesses the authoritativeness of your site and content. Backlinks strongly and positively correlate with traffic — at least according to 67.5% of respondents in a uSERP industry survey. 

  There are plenty of ways you can create high-quality backlinks that Google loves. Strategies include :

  • Creating and promoting the best content about a given topic
  • Guest posting on high-authority websites
  • Building relationships with other websites

  Ensure you avoid building low-quality spam links at all costs — such as private blog networks (PBNs), forum and comment spam links and directory links. These links won’t help your content to rank higher, and Google may even penalise your entire site if you build them. 

  Find and fix any technical Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) issues

  Search engines like Google need to be able to quickly and accurately crawl and index your website to rank your content. Unfortunately, many sites suffer from technical issues that impede search engine bots. 

  The good news is that certain tools make these issues easy to spot. Take the Matomo SEO Web Vitals feature, for instance. This lets you track a set of core web vital metrics, including :

  • Page Speed Score
  • First Contentful Paint (FCP)
  • Final Input Delay (FID)
  • Last Contentful Paint (LCP)
  • Cumulative Layout Shift (CLS)

  Take things even further by identifying major bugs and issues with your site. Crashes and other issues that impact user experience can also hurt your SEO and organic traffic efforts — so it’s best to eliminate them as soon as they occur. 

  

  Use Matomo’s Crash Analytics feature to get precise bug location information as well as the user’s interactions that triggered, the device they were using, etc. Scheduled reporting and alerts allow you to automate this task and instantly detect bugs as soon as they occur.

  Improve your on-page SEO

  As well as fixing technical issues, you should spend time optimising specific elements of your website to improve how it ranks in search engines. 

  There are several on-page elements you should optimise :

  • Image alt tags
  • URLs
  • Headings
  • Title tags
  • Internal links

  Your goal should be to include a target keyword in each element above. For example, your URL should be something like yoursite.com/keyword.

  It’s best to err on the side of caution here. Avoid adding too many keywords to each of these elements. This is called keyword stuffing, and Google may slap your site with a penalty. 

  Track your content’s performance

  One final way to increase organic traffic is to use an analytics platform to understand what content needs improving and which pages can be removed.

  

  Use an analytics platform like Matomo to see which pages generate the most organic traffic and which lag behind. This can help you prioritise your SEO efforts while highlighting pages that add no value. These pages can be completely revamped, redirected to another page or removed if appropriate. 

  Conclusion

  Organic traffic is arguably the most valuable traffic source your site can acquire. It is essential to monitor organic traffic levels and take steps to increase your organic traffic. 

  A good analytics platform can help you do both. Matomo’s powerful, open-source web analytics solution protects your data and your users’ privacy, while providing the SEO tools you need to send your organic traffic levels soaring. 

  Start a free 21-day trial now, no credit card required.