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• FFmpeg Video Overlay Function Not Working (Flutter)

  30 août 2022, par Dennis Ashford

  I am simply trying to get a watermarked video from the Flutter FFmpeg package and cannot seem to get it to work. For right now, I am downloading the video from Firebase, storing it in cache, overlaying a watermark image using the Flutter FFmpeg Kit package. The original video file, image file, and output file are being created properly. However, the overlay function is not working properly. Can someone help me with the FFmpegKit.execute function string ? I am not seeing any obvious errors in the function, but it isn't working properly. I tried writing as a new File and asBytes but neither worked.

  


  Edit : I want to take the originalVideo and overlay it with the watermark image with the expected outcome being a new file that contains the new overlayed video. Not concerned with where the overlay is yet.

  


  Pubspec.yaml

  


  ffmpeg_kit_flutter: ^4.5.1


  


  The function is :

  


  import &#x27;package:ffmpeg_kit_flutter/ffmpeg_kit.dart&#x27;;&#xA;&#xA;Future<file> waterMarkVideo(String videoPath, String watermarkPath) async {&#xA;    //these calls are to load the video into temporary directory&#xA;    final response = await http.get(Uri.parse(videoPath));&#xA;    final originalVideo = File (&#x27;${(await getTemporaryDirectory()).path}/video.mp4&#x27;);&#xA;    await originalVideo.create(recursive: true);&#xA;    await originalVideo.writeAsBytes(response.bodyBytes);&#xA;    print(&#x27;video path&#x27; &#x2B; originalVideo.path);&#xA;&#xA;    //this grabs the watermark image from assets and decodes it&#xA;    final byteData = await rootBundle.load(watermarkPath);&#xA;    final watermark = File(&#x27;${(await getTemporaryDirectory()).path}/image.png&#x27;);&#xA;    await watermark.create(recursive: true);&#xA;    await watermark.writeAsBytes(byteData.buffer.asUint8List(byteData.offsetInBytes, byteData.lengthInBytes));&#xA;    print(&#x27;watermark path&#x27; &#x2B; watermark.path);&#xA;&#xA;    //this creates temporary directory for new watermarked video&#xA;    var tempDir = await getTemporaryDirectory();&#xA;    final newVideoPath = &#x27;${tempDir.path}/${DateTime.now().microsecondsSinceEpoch}result.mp4&#x27;;&#xA;    final videoFile = await File(newVideoPath).create();&#xA;&#xA;//overlaying video using FFmpegkit where I need some help&#xA;    await FFmpegKit.executeAsync("-i $originalVideo -i $watermark -filter_complex &#x27;overlay=(W-w)/2:(H-h)/2&#x27; $videoFile")&#xA;    .then((session) async {&#xA;      final state = FFmpegKitConfig.sessionStateToString(await session.getState());&#xA;      final returnCode = await session.getReturnCode();&#xA;      final failStackTrace = await session.getFailStackTrace();&#xA;      final output = await session.getOutput();&#xA;      print(&#x27;FFmpeg process exited with state ${state} and rs ${returnCode}.If failed ${failStackTrace}&#x27;);&#xA;      print(&#x27;Last output $output&#x27;);&#xA;    } );&#xA;    print(&#x27;new video path&#x27; &#x2B; newVideoPath);&#xA;    Uint8List videoByteData = await videoFile.readAsBytes();&#xA;    return videoFile.writeAsBytes(videoByteData);&#xA;}&#xA;</file>

  


  The output for the function above is

  


  flutter: video path/Users/dennisashford/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/FBFB4D51-EC31-47DF-8FE0-66B114806EA4/data/Containers/Data/Application/0EA3BB35-D364-4B98-A104-15CDB17AAD54/Library/Caches/video.mp4
flutter: watermark path/Users/dennisashford/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/FBFB4D51-EC31-47DF-8FE0-66B114806EA4/data/Containers/Data/Application/0EA3BB35-D364-4B98-A104-15CDB17AAD54/Library/Caches/image.png
ffmpeg version v4.5-dev-3393-g30322ebe3c Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)
  configuration: --cross-prefix=x86_64-ios-darwin- --sysroot=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk --prefix=/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/prebuilt/apple-ios-x86_64/ffmpeg --pkg-config=/opt/homebrew/bin/pkg-config --enable-version3 --arch=x86_64 --cpu=x86_64 --target-os=darwin --disable-neon --disable-asm --ar=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ar --cc=clang --cxx=clang++ --as='clang -arch x86_64 -target x86_64-apple-ios12.1-simulator -march=x86-64 -msse4.2 -mpopcnt -m64 -DFFMPEG_KIT_X86_64 -Wno-unused-function -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fstrict-aliasing -DIOS -DFFMPEG_KIT_BUILD_DATE=20220114 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk -O2 -mios-simulator-version-min=12.1 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk/usr/include' --ranlib=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib --strip=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/strip --nm=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/nm --extra-ldflags='-mios-simulator-version-min=12.1' --disable-autodetect --enable-cross-compile --enable-pic --enable-inline-asm --enable-optimizations --enable-swscale --enable-shared --disable-static --install-name-dir='@rpath' --enable-pthreads --disable-v4l2-m2m --disable-outdev=v4l2 --disable-outdev=fbdev --disable-indev=v4l2 --disable-indev=fbdev --enable-small --disable-xmm-clobber-test --disable-debug --disable-neon-clobber-test --disable-programs --disable-postproc --disable-doc --disable-htmlpages --disable-manpages --disable-podpages --disable-txtpages --disable-sndio --disable-schannel --disable-securetransport --disable-xlib --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --disable-alsa --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --disable-sdl2 --disable-openssl --enable-zlib --enable-audiotoolbox --disable-outdev=audiotoolbox --enable-bzlib --enable-videotoolbox --enable-avfoundation --enable-iconv --disable-coreimage --disable-appkit --disable-opencl --disable-opengl
  libavutil      57. 13.100 / 57. 13.100
  libavcodec     59. 15.102 / 59. 15.102
  libavformat    59. 10.100 / 59. 10.100
  libavdevice    59.  1.100 / 59.  1.100
  libavfilter     8. 21.100 /  8. 21.100
  libswscale      6.  1.102 /  6.  1.102
  libswresample   4.  0.100 /  4.  0.100
File:: Protocol not found
Did you mean file:File:?
flutter: FFmpeg process exited with state RUNNING and rs 1.If failed null
flutter: Last output ffmpeg version v4.5-dev-3393-g30322ebe3c Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
flutter:   built with Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)
flutter:   configuration: --cross-prefix=x86_64-ios-darwin- --sysroot=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk --prefix=/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/prebuilt/apple-ios-x86_64/ffmpeg --pkg-config=/opt/homebrew/bin/pkg-config --enable-version3 --arch=x86_64 --cpu=x86_64 --target-os=darwin --disable-neon --disable-asm --ar=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ar --cc=clang --cxx=clang++ --as='clang -arch x86_64 -target x86_64-apple-ios12.1-simulator -march=x86-64 -msse4.2 -mpopcnt -m64 -DFFMPEG_KIT_X86_64 -Wno-unused-function -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fstrict-aliasing -DIOS -DFFMPEG_KIT_BUILD_DATE=20220114 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk -O2 -mios-simulator-version-min=12.1 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator15.2.sdk/usr/include' --ranlib=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib --strip=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/strip --nm=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/nm --extra-ldflags='-mios-simulator-version-min=12.1' --disable-autodetect --enable-cross-compile --enable-pic --enable-inline-asm --enable-optimizations --enable-swscale --enable-shared --disable-static --install-name-dir='@rpath' --enable-pthreads --disable-v4l2-m2m --disable-outdev=v4l2 --disable-outdev=fbdev --disable-indev=v4l2 --disable-indev=fbdev --enable-small --disable-xmm-clobber-test --disable-debug --disable-neon-clobber-test --disable-programs --disable-postproc --disable-doc --disable-htmlpages --disable-manpages --disable-podpages --disable-txtpages --disable-sndio --disable-schannel --disable-securetransport --disable-xlib --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --disable-alsa --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --disable-sdl2 --disable-openssl --enable-zlib --enable-audiotoolbox --disable-outdev=audiotoolbox --enable-bzlib --enable-videotoolbox --enable-avfoundation --enable-iconv --disable-coreimage --disable-appkit --disable-opencl --disable-opengl
flutter:   libavutil      57. 13.100 / 57. 13.100
flutter:   libavcodec     59. 15.102 / 59. 15.102
flutter:   libavformat    59. 10.100 / 59. 10.100
flutter:   libavdevice    59.  1.100 / 59.  1.100
flutter:   libavfilter     8. 21.100 /  8. 21.100
flutter:   libswscale      6.  1.102 /  6.  1.102
flutter:   libswresample   4.  0.100 /  4.  0.100
flutter: File:: Protocol not found
flutter: Did you mean file:File:?
flutter: 
flutter: new video path/Users/dennisashford/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/FBFB4D51-EC31-47DF-8FE0-66B114806EA4/data/Containers/Data/Application/0EA3BB35-D364-4B98-A104-15CDB17AAD54/Library/Caches/1661892011213545result.mp4


  


  Update : So I built the code on a physical device and was able to get a little more information for what may be the problem. The error may be coming from

  


  File:: Protocol not found
Did you mean file:File:?


  


  Complete logs from the physical device are given below

  


  flutter: video path/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/70EA92CD-DF5D-440E-BBE1-C130BC7F0CC7/Library/Caches/video.mp4
flutter: watermark path/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/70EA92CD-DF5D-440E-BBE1-C130BC7F0CC7/Library/Caches/image.png
ffmpeg version v4.5-dev-3393-g30322ebe3c Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)
  configuration: --cross-prefix=arm64-ios-darwin- --sysroot=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk --prefix=/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/prebuilt/apple-ios-arm64/ffmpeg --pkg-config=/opt/homebrew/bin/pkg-config --enable-version3 --arch=aarch64 --cpu=armv8 --target-os=darwin --enable-neon --enable-asm --ar=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ar --cc=clang --cxx=clang++ --as='/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/.tmp/gas-preprocessor.pl -arch aarch64 -- clang -arch arm64 -target arm64-apple-ios12.1 -march=armv8-a+crc+crypto -mcpu=generic -DFFMPEG_KIT_ARM64 -Wno-unused-function -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fstrict-aliasing -fembed-bitcode -DIOS -DFFMPEG_KIT_BUILD_DATE=20220114 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk -Oz -miphoneos-version-min=12.1 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk/usr/include' --ranlib=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib --strip=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/strip --nm=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/nm --extra-ldflags='-miphoneos-version-min=12.1' --disable-autodetect --enable-cross-compile --enable-pic --enable-inline-asm --enable-optimizations --enable-swscale --enable-shared --disable-static --install-name-dir='@rpath' --enable-pthreads --disable-v4l2-m2m --disable-outdev=v4l2 --disable-outdev=fbdev --disable-indev=v4l2 --disable-indev=fbdev --enable-small --disable-xmm-clobber-test --disable-debug --disable-neon-clobber-test --disable-programs --disable-postproc --disable-doc --disable-htmlpages --disable-manpages --disable-podpages --disable-txtpages --disable-sndio --disable-schannel --disable-securetransport --disable-xlib --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --disable-alsa --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --disable-sdl2 --disable-openssl --enable-zlib --enable-audiotoolbox --disable-outdev=audiotoolbox --enable-bzlib --enable-videotoolbox --enable-avfoundation --enable-iconv --disable-coreimage --disable-appkit --disable-opencl --disable-opengl
  libavutil      57. 13.100 / 57. 13.100
  libavcodec     59. 15.102 / 59. 15.102
  libavformat    59. 10.100 / 59. 10.100
  libavdevice    59.  1.100 / 59.  1.100
  libavfilter     8. 21.100 /  8. 21.100
  libswscale      6.  1.102 /  6.  1.102
  libswresample   4.  0.100 /  4.  0.100
File:: Protocol not found
Did you mean file:File:?
flutter: FFmpeg process exited with state RUNNING and rs 1.If failed null
flutter: Last output ffmpeg version v4.5-dev-3393-g30322ebe3c Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 13.0.0 (clang-1300.0.29.30)
  configuration: --cross-prefix=arm64-ios-darwin- --sysroot=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk --prefix=/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/prebuilt/apple-ios-arm64/ffmpeg --pkg-config=/opt/homebrew/bin/pkg-config --enable-version3 --arch=aarch64 --cpu=armv8 --target-os=darwin --enable-neon --enable-asm --ar=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ar --cc=clang --cxx=clang++ --as='/Users/taner/Projects/ffmpeg-kit/.tmp/gas-preprocessor.pl -arch aarch64 -- clang -arch arm64 -target arm64-apple-ios12.1 -march=armv8-a+crc+crypto -mcpu=generic -DFFMPEG_KIT_ARM64 -Wno-unused-function -Wno-deprecated-declarations -fstrict-aliasing -fembed-bitcode -DIOS -DFFMPEG_KIT_BUILD_DATE=20220114 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk -Oz -miphoneos-version-min=12.1 -I/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS15.2.sdk/usr/include' --ranlib=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ranlib --strip=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/strip --nm=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/nm --extra-ldflags='-miphoneos-version-min=12.1' --disable-autodetect --enable-cross-compile --enable-pic --enable-inline-asm --enable-optimizations --enable-swscale --enable-shared --disable-static --install-name-dir='@rpath' --enable-pthreads --disable-v4l2-m2m --disable-outdev=v4l2 --disable-outdev=fbdev --disable-indev=v4l2 --disable-indev=fbdev --enable-small --disable-xmm-clobber-test --disable-debug --disable-neon-clobber-test --disable-programs --disable-postproc --disable-doc --disable-htmlpages --disable-manpages --disable-podpages --disable-txtpages --disable-sndio --disable-schannel --disable-securetransport --disable-xlib --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --disable-alsa --disable-cuda --disable-cuvid --disable-nvenc --disable-vaapi --disable-vdpau --enable-gmp --enable-gnutls --disable-sdl2 --disable-openssl --enable-zlib --enable-audiotoolbox --disable-outdev=audiotoolbox --enable-bzlib --enable-videotoolbox --enable-avfoundation --enable-iconv --disable-coreimage --disable-appkit --disable-opencl --disable-opengl
  libavutil      57. 13.100 / 57. 13.100
  libavcodec     59. 15.102 / 59. 15.102
  libavformat    59. 10.100 / 59. 10.100
  libavdevice    59.  1.100 / 59.  1.100
  libavfilter     8. 21.100 /  8. 21.100
  libswscale      6.  1.102 /  6.  1.102
  libswresample   4.  0.100 /  4.  0.100
File:: Protocol not found
Did you mean file:File:?
flutter: new video path/var/mobile/Containers/Data/Application/70EA92CD-DF5D-440E-BBE1-C130BC7F0CC7/Library/Caches/1661891272856433result.mp4


  


  Update #2 after a lot of help from @kesh below, this function was actually able to overlay the image on the video.

  


  await FFmpegKit.executeAsync('-i $videoPath -i ${watermark.path} -filter_complex "overlay=10:10" -y ${videoFile.path}')


  


• Can't convert .ts files that downloaded from .m3u8 file to mp4

  20 juin, par smartnima

  I Have This Files :

  


  001.ts  014.ts  027.ts  040.ts  053.ts  066.ts  079.ts  092.ts  105.ts  118.ts  131.ts  144.ts  157.ts  170.ts  183.ts  196.ts  209.ts  222.ts  235.ts  248.ts  261.ts  274.ts  287.ts  300.ts  313.ts  326.ts
002.ts  015.ts  028.ts  041.ts  054.ts  067.ts  080.ts  093.ts  106.ts  119.ts  132.ts  145.ts  158.ts  171.ts  184.ts  197.ts  210.ts  223.ts  236.ts  249.ts  262.ts  275.ts  288.ts  301.ts  314.ts  327.ts
003.ts  016.ts  029.ts  042.ts  055.ts  068.ts  081.ts  094.ts  107.ts  120.ts  133.ts  146.ts  159.ts  172.ts  185.ts  198.ts  211.ts  224.ts  237.ts  250.ts  263.ts  276.ts  289.ts  302.ts  315.ts  328.ts
004.ts  017.ts  030.ts  043.ts  056.ts  069.ts  082.ts  095.ts  108.ts  121.ts  134.ts  147.ts  160.ts  173.ts  186.ts  199.ts  212.ts  225.ts  238.ts  251.ts  264.ts  277.ts  290.ts  303.ts  316.ts  329.ts
005.ts  018.ts  031.ts  044.ts  057.ts  070.ts  083.ts  096.ts  109.ts  122.ts  135.ts  148.ts  161.ts  174.ts  187.ts  200.ts  213.ts  226.ts  239.ts  252.ts  265.ts  278.ts  291.ts  304.ts  317.ts  330.ts
006.ts  019.ts  032.ts  045.ts  058.ts  071.ts  084.ts  097.ts  110.ts  123.ts  136.ts  149.ts  162.ts  175.ts  188.ts  201.ts  214.ts  227.ts  240.ts  253.ts  266.ts  279.ts  292.ts  305.ts  318.ts  331.ts
007.ts  020.ts  033.ts  046.ts  059.ts  072.ts  085.ts  098.ts  111.ts  124.ts  137.ts  150.ts  163.ts  176.ts  189.ts  202.ts  215.ts  228.ts  241.ts  254.ts  267.ts  280.ts  293.ts  306.ts  319.ts  332.ts
008.ts  021.ts  034.ts  047.ts  060.ts  073.ts  086.ts  099.ts  112.ts  125.ts  138.ts  151.ts  164.ts  177.ts  190.ts  203.ts  216.ts  229.ts  242.ts  255.ts  268.ts  281.ts  294.ts  307.ts  320.ts  333.ts
009.ts  022.ts  035.ts  048.ts  061.ts  074.ts  087.ts  100.ts  113.ts  126.ts  139.ts  152.ts  165.ts  178.ts  191.ts  204.ts  217.ts  230.ts  243.ts  256.ts  269.ts  282.ts  295.ts  308.ts  321.ts  334.ts
010.ts  023.ts  036.ts  049.ts  062.ts  075.ts  088.ts  101.ts  114.ts  127.ts  140.ts  153.ts  166.ts  179.ts  192.ts  205.ts  218.ts  231.ts  244.ts  257.ts  270.ts  283.ts  296.ts  309.ts  322.ts
011.ts  024.ts  037.ts  050.ts  063.ts  076.ts  089.ts  102.ts  115.ts  128.ts  141.ts  154.ts  167.ts  180.ts  193.ts  206.ts  219.ts  232.ts  245.ts  258.ts  271.ts  284.ts  297.ts  310.ts  323.ts
012.ts  025.ts  038.ts  051.ts  064.ts  077.ts  090.ts  103.ts  116.ts  129.ts  142.ts  155.ts  168.ts  181.ts  194.ts  207.ts  220.ts  233.ts  246.ts  259.ts  272.ts  285.ts  298.ts  311.ts  324.ts
013.ts  026.ts  039.ts  052.ts  065.ts  078.ts  091.ts  104.ts  117.ts  130.ts  143.ts  156.ts  169.ts  182.ts  195.ts  208.ts  221.ts  234.ts  247.ts  260.ts  273.ts  286.ts  299.ts  312.ts  325.ts


  


  That I Downloaded With This Python Program (m3u8 File Does Not Work !) :

  


  import requests
import shutil
import os
import subprocess


def strip_end(text, suffix):
    if not text.endswith(suffix):
        return text
    return text[:len(text)-len(suffix)]


def download_file(url):
    cwd = os.getcwd()
    command = f"wget -O {cwd}/ts_files/{url.split('/')[-1]} {url}"
    subprocess.call(command, shell=True)


base_url = "https://stream.example.com/video/2021/example/720p_{}.ts"

if not os.path.exists('ts_files'):
    print('ts_file folder is not found, creating the folder.')
    os.makedirs('ts_files')

i = 1
while True:
    if len(str(i)) == 1:
        num = f"00{i}"
    elif len(str(i)) == 2:
        num = f"0{i}"
    else:
        num = str(i)
    url = base_url.replace("{}", num)
    r = requests.get(url, stream=True)
    print(f'downloading {i}')
    if r.status_code != 404:
        download_file(url)  # comment out this line to download ts files.
    else:
        print("404")
        break
    i = i+1

cwd = os.getcwd()  # Get the current working directory (cwd)
TS_DIR = 'ts_files'
with open('merged.ts', 'wb') as merged:
    for ts_file in os.listdir(f'{cwd}/{TS_DIR}'):
        with open(f'{cwd}/{TS_DIR}/{ts_file}', 'rb') as mergefile:
            shutil.copyfileobj(mergefile, merged)



  


  My Problem Is When I Want To Convert All This Files To One .ts File And Then An MP4 File With ffmpeg, I Get An Error :

  


  nima@funlife:~/ts_files$ cat ./*.ts > all.ts
nima@funlife:~/ts_files$ ffmpeg -i all.ts -acodec copy -vcodec copy all.mp4
ffmpeg version 5.0.1-3+b1 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 11 (Debian 11.3.0-4)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=3+b1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libdav1d --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libglslang --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librabbitmq --enable-librist --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --disable-sndio --enable-pocketsphinx --enable-librsvg --enable-libmfx --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libplacebo --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      57. 17.100 / 57. 17.100
  libavcodec     59. 18.100 / 59. 18.100
  libavformat    59. 16.100 / 59. 16.100
  libavdevice    59.  4.100 / 59.  4.100
  libavfilter     8. 24.100 /  8. 24.100
  libswscale      6.  4.100 /  6.  4.100
  libswresample   4.  3.100 /  4.  3.100
  libpostproc    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
all.ts: Invalid data found when processing input


  


  .ts Files Content Is Like This :

  


   }��,.g���}��
             �����c����Ww�c���c���eo��m�����ŧ�  䱉
�b(+��D�FG�zPe��7�&#bz�1ɶ���                      C
�`,��>Ϲc4J��̀��T�I}�"��ކ�R�1��w͋�   "� <�#B`ƪ�̸�co
                                             �9���+��W�
P���N���w��T\5g��
\�E�N�E�v��͑4f��U�@]�ΩX�U�x�E��bwm=ְ�iA�����p���M�����\=�_�I3C�hL�h����0)�ο��*��`���eZ� �ؗ4To�0V��S,�+�>�8_]�W�lNJD�|7e�2s�1X)̃5�0h�������~8ߩg���?e��EK�>۷�L
             ��:6|������>\  �N�WW��,�w
bk��1?*��/��/�5��k����~��                 Lޕ}�a���2�{��l��$�d=����g�{a2��L�����
                         jҫַ��ʿ�"1`ZZ.he)�=�x��E_4:Vg�����H=���x1�����}��W::y�


  


  Are They Encrypted Or Something ?
I'm Trying To Do This Works With Debian 11.3.0-4, Python 3.10.5

  


  Edit : Thanks Johnny, I Saw This Post : How to concatenate two MP4 files using FFmpeg ?
I Tried But I Get An Error Again !

  


  nima@funlife:~/ts_files$ ffmpeg -f concat -i file.txt -c copy output.ts
ffmpeg version 5.0.1-3+b1 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 11 (Debian 11.3.0-4)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=3+b1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libdav1d --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libglslang --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librabbitmq --enable-librist --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --disable-sndio --enable-pocketsphinx --enable-librsvg --enable-libmfx --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libplacebo --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      57. 17.100 / 57. 17.100
  libavcodec     59. 18.100 / 59. 18.100
  libavformat    59. 16.100 / 59. 16.100
  libavdevice    59.  4.100 / 59.  4.100
  libavfilter     8. 24.100 /  8. 24.100
  libswscale      6.  4.100 /  6.  4.100
  libswresample   4.  3.100 /  4.  3.100
  libpostproc    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
[concat @ 0x55932dbf2500] Impossible to open '001.ts'
file.txt: Invalid data found when processing input


  


  Same Error With ffmpeg -f concat -safe 0 -i file.txt -c copy output.ts

  


  file.txt is The List Of Files !

  


• Privacy in Business : What Is It and Why Is It Important ?

  13 juillet 2022, par Erin — Privacy

  Privacy concerns loom large among consumers. Yet, businesses remain reluctant to change the old ways of doing things until they become an operational nuisance. 

  More and more businesses are slowly starting to feel the pressure to incorporate privacy best practices. But what exactly does privacy mean in business ? And why is it important for businesses to protect users’ privacy ? 

  In this blog, we’ll answer all of these questions and more. 

  What is Privacy in Business ?

  In the corporate world, privacy stands for the business decision to use collected consumer data in a safe, secure and compliant way. 

  Companies with a privacy-centred culture : 

  • Get explicit user consent to tracking, opt-ins and data sharing 
  • Collect strictly necessary data in compliance with regulations 
  • Ask for permissions to collect, process and store sensitive data 
  • Provide transparent explanations about data operationalisation and usage 
  • Have mechanisms for data collection opt-outs and data removal requests 
  • Implement security controls for storing collected data and limit access permissions to it 

  In other words : They treat consumers’ data with utmost integrity and security – and provide reassurances of ethical data usage. 

  What Are the Ethical Business Issues Related to Privacy ?

  Consumer data analytics has been around for decades. But digital technologies – ubiquitous connectivity, social media networks, data science and machine learning – increased the magnitude and sophistication of customer profiling.

  Big Tech companies like Google and Facebook, among others, capture millions of data points about users. These include general demographics data like “age” or “gender”, as well as more granular insights such as “income”, “past browsing history” or “recently visited geo-locations”. 

  When combined, such personally identifiable information (PII) can be used to approximate the user’s exact address, frequently purchased goods, political beliefs or past medical conditions. Then such information is shared with third parties such as advertisers. 

  That’s when ethical issues arise. 

  The Cambridge Analytica data scandal is a prime example of consumer data that was unethically exploited. 

  Over the years, Google also faced a series of regulatory issues surrounding consumer privacy breaches :

  • In 2021, a Google Chrome browser update put some 2.6 billion users at risk of “surveillance, manipulation and abuse” by providing third parties with data on device usage. 
  • The same year, Google was taken to court for failing to provide full disclosures on tracking performed in Google Chrome incognito mode. A $5 billion lawsuit is still pending.
  • As of 2022, Google Analytics 4 is considered GDPR non-compliant and was branded “illegal” by several European countries. 

  If you are curious, learn more about Google Analytics privacy issues. 

  The bigger issue ? Big Tech companies make the businesses that use their technologies (unknowingly) complicit in consumer data violations.

  In 2022, the Belgian data regulator found the official IAB Europe framework for user consent gathering in breach of GDPR. The framework was used by all major AdTech platforms to issue pop-ups for user consent to tracking. Now ad platforms must delete all data gathered through these. Biggest advertisers such as Procter & Gamble, Unilever, IBM and Mastercard among others, also received a notice about data removal and a regulatory warning on further repercussions if they fail to comply. 

  Big Tech firms have given brands unprecedented access to granular consumer data. Unrestricted access, however, also opened the door to data abuse and unethical use. 

  Examples of Unethical Data Usage by Businesses 

  • Data hoarding means excessively harvesting all available consumer data because a possibility to do so exists, often using murky consent mechanisms. Yet, 85% of collected Big Data is either dark or redundant, obsolete or trivial (ROT).
  • Invasive personalisation based on sensitive user information (or second-guesses), like a recent US marketing campaign, congratulating women on pregnancy (even if they weren’t expecting). Overall, 75% of consumers find most forms of personalisation somewhat creepy. 22% also said they’d leave for another brand due to creepy experiences.
  • Hyper-targeted advertising campaigns based on data consumers would prefer not to share. A recent investigation found that advertising platforms often assign sensitive labels to users (as part of their ad profiles), indicative of their religion, mental issues, history with abuse and so on. This allows advertisers to target such consumers with dubious ads. 

  Ultimately, excessive data collection, paired with poor data protection in business settings, results in major data breaches and costly damage control. Given that cyber attacks are on the rise, every business is vulnerable. 

  Why Should a Business Be Concerned About Protecting the Privacy of Its Customers ?

  Businesses must prioritise customer privacy because that’s what is expected of them. Globally, 89% of consumers say they care about their privacy. 

  As frequent stories about unethical data usage, excessive tracking and data breaches surface online, even more grow more concerned about protecting their data. Many publicly urge companies to take action. Others curtail their relationships with brands privately. 

  

  On average, 45% of consumers feel uncomfortable about sharing personal data. According to KPMG, 78% of American consumers have fears about the amount of data being collected. 40% of them also don’t trust companies to use their data ethically. Among Europeans, 41% are unwilling to share any personal data with businesses. 

  Because the demand for online privacy is rising, progressive companies now treat privacy as a competitive advantage. 

  For example, the encrypted messaging app Signal gained over 42 million active users in a year because it offers better data security and privacy protection. 

  ProtonMail, a privacy-centred email client, also amassed a 50 million user base in several years thanks to a “fundamentally stronger definition of privacy”.

  The growth of privacy-mindful businesses speaks volumes. And even more good things happen to privacy-mindful businesses : 

  • Higher consumer trust and loyalty 
  • Improved attractiveness to investors
  • Less complex compliance
  • Minimum cybersecurity exposure 
  • Better agility and innovation

  It’s time to start pursuing them ! Learn how to embed privacy and security into your operations.