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• Revision 73345 : Le champ saisie date avec horaire est un tableau et il était toujours ...

  7 juin 2013, par george@… — Log

  Le champ saisie date avec horaire est un tableau et il était toujours vérifié même quand il était vide ce qui générait une erreur de vérification

• How to extract elementary video from mp4 using ffmpeg programmatically ?

  24 octobre 2019, par epipav

  I have started learning ffmpeg few weaks ago. At the moment I am able to transcode any video to mp4 using h264/AVC codec. The main scheme is something like that :

  -open input
  
  -demux
  
  -decode
  
  -encode
  
  -mux

  The actual code is below :

  #include <iostream>
  
  
  
  #include 
  
  
  
  extern "C" {
  
  
  
    #
  
    ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS# undef main /* Prevents SDL from overriding main() */ # define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS# endif
  
  
  
    # pragma comment(lib, "avcodec.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "avformat.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "swscale.lib")# pragma comment(lib, "avutil.lib")
  
  
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include <libavutil></libavutil>opt.h>
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
    #include 
  
  }
  
  
  
  using namespace std;
  
  
  
  void open_video(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec * codec, AVStream * st) {
  
    int ret;
  
    AVCodecContext * c;
  
    c = st - > codec;
  
  
  
    /*open codec */
  
  
  
    cout &lt;&lt; "probably starts here" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
    ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
  
    cout &lt;&lt; "and ends here" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
    if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; ("Could not open video codec") &lt;&lt; endl;
  
    }
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  /*This function will add a new stream to our file.
  
  @param
  
  oc -> Format context that the new stream will be added.
  
  codec -> codec of the stream, this will be passed.
  
  codec_id -> 
  
  chWidth->
  
  chHeight->
  
  */
  
  
  
  AVStream * addStream(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec ** codec, enum AVCodecID codec_id, int chWidth, int chHeight, int fps) {
  
    AVCodecContext * c;
  
    AVStream * st;
  
  
  
    //find encoder of the stream, it passes this information to @codec, later on
  
    //it will be used in encoding the video @ avcodec_encode_video2 in loop.
  
    * codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
  
  
  
    if (( * codec) == NULL)
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "ERROR CAN NOT FIND ENCODER! ERROR! ERROR! AVCODEC_FIND_ENCODER FAILED !!!1 "
  
    "" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
    if (!( * codec))
  
      printf("Could not find encoder for ' %s ' ", avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
  
  
  
    //create a new stream with the found codec inside oc(AVFormatContext).
  
    st = avformat_new_stream(oc, * codec);
  
  
  
    if (!st)
  
      cout &lt;&lt; " Cannot allocate stream " &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
    //Setting the stream id.
  
    //Since, there can be other streams in this AVFormatContext,
  
    //we should find the first non used index. And this is oc->nb_streams(number of streams) - 1
  
    st - > id = oc - > nb_streams - 1;
  
  
  
    c = st - > codec;
  
  
  
    //setting the stream's codec's properties.
  
    c - > codec_id = codec_id;
  
    c - > bit_rate = 4000000;
  
    c - > width = chWidth;
  
    c - > height = chHeight;
  
    c - > time_base.den = fps;
  
    //fps;
  
    c - > time_base.num = 1;
  
    c - > gop_size = 12;
  
    c - > pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  
  
  
    if (c - > codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
  
      /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
  
      c - > max_b_frames = 2;
  
    }
  
  
  
    if (c - > codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
  
      /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
  
       * This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
  
       * the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
  
      c - > mb_decision = 2;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
  
    if (oc - > oformat - > flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
  
      c - > flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
  
  
  
    //returning our lovely new brand stream.
  
    return st;
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  int changeResolution(string source, int format) {
  
    //Data members
  
    struct SwsContext * sws_ctx = NULL;
  
    AVFrame * pFrame = NULL;
  
    AVFrame * outFrame = NULL;
  
    AVPacket packet;
  
    uint8_t * buffer = NULL;
  
    uint8_t endcode[] = {
  
      0,
  
      0,
  
      1,
  
      0xb7
  
    };
  
    AVDictionary * optionsDict = NULL;
  
    AVFormatContext * pFormatCtx = NULL;
  
    AVFormatContext * outputContext = NULL;
  
    AVCodecContext * pCodecCtx;
  
    AVCodec * pCodec;
  
    AVCodec * codec;
  
    AVCodec * videoCodec;
  
    AVOutputFormat * fmt;
  
    AVStream * video_stream;
  
    int changeWidth;
  
    int changeHeight;
  
    int frameFinished;
  
    int numBytes;
  
    int fps;
  
  
  
    int lock = 0;
  
  
  
    //Register all codecs &amp; other important stuff. Vital!..
  
    av_register_all();
  
  
  
    //Selects the desired resolution.
  
    if (format == 0) {
  
      changeWidth = 320;
  
      changeHeight = 180;
  
    } else if (format == 1) {
  
      changeWidth = 640;
  
      changeHeight = 480;
  
  
  
    } else if (format == 2) {
  
      changeWidth = 960;
  
      changeHeight = 540;
  
  
  
    } else if (format == 3) {
  
      changeWidth = 1024;
  
      changeHeight = 768;
  
  
  
    } else {
  
      changeWidth = 1280;
  
      changeHeight = 720;
  
    }
  
  
  
    // Open video file
  
    int aaa;
  
    aaa = avformat_open_input( &amp; pFormatCtx, source.c_str(), NULL, NULL);
  
    if (aaa != 0) {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; " cannot open input file \n" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "aaa = " &lt;&lt; aaa &lt;&lt; endl;
  
      return -1; // Couldn't open file    
  
    }
  
  
  
    // Retrieve stream information
  
    if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) &lt; 0)
  
      return -1; // Couldn't find stream information
  
  
  
    //just checking duration casually for no reason
  
    /*int64_t duration = pFormatCtx->duration;
  
  
  
    cout &lt;&lt; "the duration is " &lt;&lt; duration &lt;&lt; " " &lt;&lt; endl;*/
  
  
  
    //this writes the info about the file
  
    av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, 0, 0);
  
    cin >> lock;
  
  
  
    // Find the first video stream
  
    int videoStream = -1;
  
    int i;
  
  
  
    for (i = 0; i &lt; 3; i++)
  
      if (pFormatCtx - > streams[i] - > codec - > codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
  
        videoStream = i;
  
        cout &lt;&lt; " lel \n ";
  
        break;
  
  
  
      }
  
  
  
    if (videoStream == -1)
  
      return -1; // Didn't find a video stream
  
  
  
    // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
  
    pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx - > streams[videoStream] - > codec;
  
    fps = pCodecCtx - > time_base.den;
  
  
  
    //Find the decoder of the input file, for the video stream
  
    pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx - > codec_id);
  
  
  
    if (pCodec == NULL) {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
  
      return -1; // Codec not found
  
    }
  
  
  
    // Open codec, you must open it first, in order to use it.
  
    if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &amp; optionsDict) &lt; 0)
  
      return -1; // Could not open codec
  
  
  
    // Allocate video frame ( pFrame for taking the packets into, outFrame for processed frames to packet.)
  
    pFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  
    outFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  
  
  
    i = 0;
  
  
  
    int ret;
  
    int video_frame_count = 0;
  
  
  
    //Initiate the outFrame set the buffer &amp; fill the properties
  
    numBytes = avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
  
    buffer = (uint8_t * ) av_malloc(numBytes * sizeof(uint8_t));
  
    avpicture_fill((AVPicture * ) outFrame, buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
  
  
  
    int pp;
  
    int frameNo = 0;
  
  
  
    //allocate the outputContext, it will be the AVFormatContext of our output file. 
  
    //It will try to find the format by giving the file name.
  
    avformat_alloc_output_context2( &amp; outputContext, NULL, NULL, "myoutput.mp4");
  
  
  
    //Cant find the file extension, using MPEG as default.
  
    if (!outputContext) {
  
      printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
  
      avformat_alloc_output_context2( &amp; outputContext, NULL, "mpeg", "myoutput.mp4");
  
    }
  
  
  
    //Still cant set file extension, exit.
  
    if (!outputContext) {
  
      return 1;
  
    }
  
  
  
    //set AVOutputFormat fmt to our outputContext's format.
  
    fmt = outputContext - > oformat;
  
    video_stream = NULL;
  
  
  
    //If fmt has a valid codec_id, create a new video stream.
  
    //This function will set the streams codec &amp; codecs desired properties.
  
    //Stream's codec will be passed to videoCodec for later usage.
  
    if (fmt - > video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
  
      video_stream = addStream(outputContext, &amp; videoCodec, fmt - > video_codec, changeWidth, changeHeight, fps);
  
  
  
    //open the video using videoCodec. by avcodec_open2() i.e open the codec.
  
    if (video_stream)
  
      open_video(outputContext, videoCodec, video_stream);
  
  
  
    //Creating our new output file.
  
    if (!(fmt - > flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
  
      ret = avio_open( &amp; outputContext - > pb, "toBeStreamed.264", AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
        cout &lt;&lt; " cant open file " &lt;&lt; endl;
  
        return 1;
  
      }
  
    }
  
  
  
    //Writing the header of format context.
  
    //ret = avformat_write_header(outputContext, NULL);
  
  
  
    if (ret >= 0) {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "writing header success !!!" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
    }
  
  
  
    //Start reading packages from input file.
  
    while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &amp; packet) >= 0) {
  
  
  
      // Is this a packet from the video stream?  
  
      if (packet.stream_index == videoStream) {
  
  
  
        // Decode video package into frames
  
        ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &amp; frameFinished, &amp; packet);
  
  
  
        if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          printf(" Error decoding frame !!..");
  
          return ret;
  
        }
  
  
  
        if (frameFinished) {
  
          printf("video_frame n:%d    coded_n:%d\n", video_frame_count++, pFrame - > coded_picture_number);
  
        }
  
  
  
        av_free_packet( &amp; packet);
  
  
  
        //do stuff with frame, in this case we are changing the resolution.
  
        static struct SwsContext * img_convert_ctx_in = NULL;
  
        if (img_convert_ctx_in == NULL) {
  
          img_convert_ctx_in = sws_getContext(pCodecCtx - > width,
  
            pCodecCtx - > height,
  
            pCodecCtx - > pix_fmt,
  
            changeWidth,
  
            changeHeight,
  
            PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
            SWS_BICUBIC,
  
            NULL,
  
            NULL,
  
            NULL);
  
  
  
        }
  
        //scale the frames
  
        sws_scale(img_convert_ctx_in,
  
          pFrame - > data,
  
          pFrame - > linesize,
  
          0,
  
          pCodecCtx - > height,
  
          outFrame - > data,
  
          outFrame - > linesize);
  
  
  
        //initiate the pts value
  
        if (frameNo == 0)
  
          outFrame - > pts = 0;
  
  
  
        //calculate the pts value &amp; set it.
  
        outFrame - > pts += av_rescale_q(1, video_stream - > codec - > time_base, video_stream - > time_base);
  
  
  
        //encode frames into packages. Package passed in @packet.
  
        if (avcodec_encode_video2(outputContext - > streams[0] - > codec, &amp; packet, outFrame, &amp; pp) &lt; 0)
  
          cout &lt;&lt; "Encoding frames into packages, failed. " &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
        frameNo++;
  
  
  
        //write the packages into file, resulting in creating a video file.
  
        av_interleaved_write_frame(outputContext, &amp; packet);
  
  
  
      }
  
  
  
    }
  
  
  
    av_free_packet( &amp; packet);
  
    //av_write_trailer(outputContext);
  
  
  
    avio_close(outputContext - > pb);
  
  
  
    // Free the RGB image
  
    av_free(buffer);
  
    av_free(outFrame);
  
  
  
    // Free the YUV frame
  
    av_free(pFrame);
  
  
  
    // Close the codec
  
    avcodec_close(video_stream - > codec);
  
    avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
  
  
  
    // Close the video file
  
    avformat_close_input( &amp; pFormatCtx);
  
  
  
    return 0;
  
  }
  
  </iostream>

  at the end of the process I get my desired file with desired codec & container & resolution.

  My problem is, in a part of our project I need to get elementary video streams IN file. Such as example.264. However I can not add a stream without creating an AVFormatContext. I can not create an AVFormatContext because 264 files does not have a container,they are just raw video ?, as far as I know.

  I have tried the way in decoding_encoding.c which uses fwrite. However that example was for mpeg-2 codec and when I try to adapt that code to H264/AVC codec, I got "floating point division by zero" error from mediainfo and moreover, some of the properties of the video was not showing (such as FPS & playtime & quality factor). I think it has to do with the "endcode" the example adds at the end of the code. It is for mpeg-2. ( uint8_t endcode[] = 0, 0, 1, 0xb7  ; )

  Anyway, I would love to get a startpoint for this task. I have managed to come this far by using internet resources ( quite few & outdated for ffmpeg) but now I’m stuck a little.

• How to extract elementary video from mp4 using ffmpeg programmatically ?

  4 juillet 2013, par epipav

  I have started learning ffmpeg few weaks ago. At the moment I am able to transcode any video to mp4 using h264/AVC codec. The main scheme is something like that :

  -open input
   demux
   decode
   encode
   mux

  The actual code is below :

  #include <iostream>
  
  #include 
  
  extern "C" 
  
  {
  
  
  
  #ifndef __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
  
  #undef main /* Prevents SDL from overriding main() */
  
  #  define __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS
  
  #endif
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  #pragma comment (lib,"avcodec.lib")
  
  #pragma comment (lib,"avformat.lib")
  
  #pragma comment (lib,"swscale.lib")
  
  #pragma comment(lib,"avutil.lib")
  
  
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include <libavutil></libavutil>opt.h>
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  using namespace std;
  
  
  
  
  
  void open_video(AVFormatContext*oc , AVCodec *codec, AVStream * st)
  
  {
  
  int ret;
  
  AVCodecContext *c ;
  
  c = st->codec;
  
  
  
  /*open codec */
  
  
  
  cout &lt;&lt; "probably starts here" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  ret = avcodec_open2(c,codec,NULL);
  
  cout &lt;&lt; "and ends here" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
  if ( ret &lt; 0)
  
  {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; ("Could not open video codec") &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /*This function will add a new stream to our file.
  
  @param
  
  oc -> Format context that the new stream will be added.
  
  codec -> codec of the stream, this will be passed.
  
  codec_id -> 
  
  chWidth->
  
  chHeight->
  
  */
  
  
  
  AVStream * addStream(AVFormatContext * oc, AVCodec **codec, enum AVCodecID codec_id, int chWidth,        int chHeight, int fps)
  
  {
  
  AVCodecContext *c;
  
  AVStream *st;
  
  
  
  //find encoder of the stream, it passes this information to @codec, later on
  
  //it will be used in encoding the video @ avcodec_encode_video2 in loop.
  
  *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
  
  
  
  if ( (*codec) == NULL)
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "ERROR CAN NOT FIND ENCODER! ERROR! ERROR! AVCODEC_FIND_ENCODER FAILED !!!1 """ &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
  if(!(*codec))
  
      printf ("Could not find encoder for &#39; %s &#39; ", avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
  
  
  
  
  
  //create a new stream with the found codec inside oc(AVFormatContext).
  
  st = avformat_new_stream ( oc, *codec);
  
  
  
  if (!st)
  
      cout &lt;&lt; " Cannot allocate stream " &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  
  
  //Setting the stream id.
  
  //Since, there can be other streams in this AVFormatContext,
  
  //we should find the first non used index. And this is oc->nb_streams(number of streams) - 1
  
  st ->id = oc ->nb_streams - 1;
  
  
  
  c = st->codec;
  
  
  
  //setting the stream&#39;s codec&#39;s properties.
  
  c-> codec_id = codec_id;
  
  c->bit_rate = 4000000;
  
  c->width = chWidth;
  
  c->height = chHeight;
  
  c->time_base.den = fps;
  
      //fps;
  
  c->time_base.num = 1;
  
  c->gop_size = 12;
  
  c->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
  
  
  
  if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO) {
  
          /* just for testing, we also add B frames */
  
          c->max_b_frames = 2;
  
      }
  
  
  
  
  
  if (c->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO) {
  
          /* Needed to avoid using macroblocks in which some coeffs overflow.
  
           * This does not happen with normal video, it just happens here as
  
           * the motion of the chroma plane does not match the luma plane. */
  
          c->mb_decision = 2;
  
      }
  
  
  
  /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
  
   if (oc->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
  
      c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
  
  
  
  //returning our lovely new brand stream.
  
  return st;
  
  
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  int changeResolution ( string source, int format )
  
  {
  
  //Data members
  
  struct SwsContext   *sws_ctx = NULL;
  
  AVFrame             *pFrame = NULL;
  
  AVFrame             *outFrame = NULL;   
  
  AVPacket            packet;
  
  uint8_t             *buffer = NULL;
  
  uint8_t endcode[] = { 0, 0, 1, 0xb7 };
  
  AVDictionary        *optionsDict = NULL;
  
  AVFormatContext     *pFormatCtx = NULL; 
  
  AVFormatContext     *outputContext = NULL;
  
  AVCodecContext      *pCodecCtx;
  
  AVCodec             *pCodec ;
  
  AVCodec             *codec;
  
  AVCodec             *videoCodec;
  
  AVOutputFormat      *fmt;
  
  AVStream            *video_stream;
  
  int                 changeWidth;
  
  int                  changeHeight;
  
  int                 frameFinished;
  
  int                 numBytes;
  
  int                 fps;
  
  
  
  
  
  int lock = 0;
  
  
  
  //Register all codecs &amp; other important stuff. Vital!..
  
  av_register_all();
  
  
  
  
  
  //Selects the desired resolution.
  
  if (format == 0)
  
  {
  
      changeWidth = 320;
  
      changeHeight = 180;
  
  }
  
  
  
  else if (format == 1)
  
  {
  
      changeWidth = 640;
  
      changeHeight = 480;
  
  
  
  }
  
  else if (format == 2)
  
  {
  
      changeWidth = 960;
  
      changeHeight = 540;
  
  
  
  }
  
  else if (format == 3)
  
  {
  
      changeWidth = 1024;
  
      changeHeight = 768;
  
  
  
  }
  
  else
  
  {
  
      changeWidth = 1280;
  
      changeHeight = 720;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  // Open video file
  
  int aaa;
  
  aaa = avformat_open_input(&amp;pFormatCtx, source.c_str(), NULL, NULL) ;
  
  if(aaa !=0)
  
  {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; " cannot open input file \n" &lt;&lt; endl;
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "aaa = " &lt;&lt; aaa  &lt;&lt; endl;
  
       return -1; // Couldn&#39;t open file   
  
  }
  
  
  
  // Retrieve stream information
  
  if(av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx)&lt;0)
  
      return -1; // Couldn&#39;t find stream information
  
  
  
  //just checking duration casually for no reason
  
  /*int64_t duration = pFormatCtx->duration;
  
  
  
  cout &lt;&lt; "the duration is " &lt;&lt; duration &lt;&lt; " " &lt;&lt; endl;*/
  
  
  
  //this writes the info about the file
  
  av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, 0, 0);
  
  cin >> lock;
  
  
  
  // Find the first video stream
  
  int videoStream=-1;
  
  int i;
  
  
  
  for(i=0; i&lt;3; i++)
  
       if(pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) {
  
        videoStream=i;
  
        cout &lt;&lt; " lel \n " ;
  
       break;
  
  
  
   }
  
  
  
  
  
  if(videoStream==-1)
  
      return -1; // Didn&#39;t find a video stream
  
  
  
  // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
  
  pCodecCtx=pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;
  
  fps = pCodecCtx -> time_base.den;
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  //Find the decoder of the input file, for the video stream
  
  pCodec=avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
  
  
  
  if(pCodec==NULL) {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec!\n");
  
      return -1; // Codec not found
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  // Open codec, you must open it first, in order to use it.
  
  if(avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec, &amp;optionsDict)&lt;0)
  
  return -1; // Could not open codec
  
  
  
  
  
  // Allocate video frame ( pFrame for taking the packets into, outFrame for processed frames to packet.)
  
   pFrame=avcodec_alloc_frame();
  
   outFrame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
  
  
  
  
  
  i=0;
  
  
  
  int ret;
  
  int video_frame_count = 0;
  
  
  
  //Initiate the outFrame set the buffer &amp; fill the properties
  
  numBytes=avpicture_get_size(PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight);
  
  buffer=(uint8_t *)av_malloc(numBytes*sizeof(uint8_t));
  
      avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)outFrame, buffer, PIX_FMT_YUV420P, changeWidth, changeHeight );  
  
  
  
  
  
  int pp;
  
  int frameNo = 0;
  
  
  
  //allocate the outputContext, it will be the AVFormatContext of our output file. 
  
  //It will try to find the format by giving the file name.
  
  avformat_alloc_output_context2(&amp;outputContext,NULL,NULL, "myoutput.mp4");
  
  
  
  //Cant find the file extension, using MPEG as default.
  
  if (!outputContext) {
  
      printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
  
      avformat_alloc_output_context2(&amp;outputContext, NULL, "mpeg", "myoutput.mp4");
  
  }
  
  
  
  //Still cant set file extension, exit.
  
  if (!outputContext) {
  
      return 1;
  
  }
  
  
  
  //set AVOutputFormat fmt to our outputContext&#39;s format.
  
  fmt = outputContext -> oformat;
  
  video_stream = NULL;
  
  
  
  //If fmt has a valid codec_id, create a new video stream.
  
  //This function will set the streams codec &amp; codecs desired properties.
  
  //Stream&#39;s codec will be passed to videoCodec for later usage.
  
  if (fmt -> video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
  
      video_stream = addStream(outputContext, &amp;videoCodec, fmt ->video_codec, changeWidth, changeHeight,fps);
  
  
  
  
  
  //open the video using videoCodec. by avcodec_open2() i.e open the codec.
  
  if (video_stream)   
  
      open_video(outputContext, videoCodec, video_stream);
  
  
  
  //Creating our new output file.
  
  if (!(fmt->flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
  
      ret = avio_open(&amp;outputContext->pb, "toBeStreamed.264", AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          cout &lt;&lt; " cant open file " &lt;&lt; endl;
  
          return 1;
  
        }
  
     }
  
  
  
  //Writing the header of format context.
  
  //ret = avformat_write_header(outputContext, NULL);
  
  
  
  if (ret >= 0) {
  
      cout &lt;&lt; "writing header success !!!"  &lt;&lt; endl;
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
    //Start reading packages from input file.
  
   while(av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &amp;packet)>=0  ) {
  
  
  
  // Is this a packet from the video stream?  
  
  if(packet.stream_index==videoStream) {
  
  
  
  // Decode video package into frames
  
  ret = avcodec_decode_video2(pCodecCtx, pFrame, &amp;frameFinished, &amp;packet);
  
  
  
  if( ret &lt; 0)
  
  {
  
      printf ( " Error decoding frame !!.." );
  
      return ret;
  
  }
  
  
  
  if (frameFinished){
  
      printf("video_frame n:%d    coded_n:%d\n" , video_frame_count++, pFrame->coded_picture_number);
  
  }
  
  
  
  av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
  
  
  
  //do stuff with frame, in this case we are changing the resolution.
  
  static struct SwsContext *img_convert_ctx_in = NULL;
  
  if (img_convert_ctx_in == NULL)
  
  {
  
      img_convert_ctx_in =sws_getContext( pCodecCtx->width,
  
          pCodecCtx->height, 
  
          pCodecCtx->pix_fmt,
  
          changeWidth,
  
          changeHeight,
  
          PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
          SWS_BICUBIC,
  
          NULL,
  
          NULL, 
  
          NULL ); 
  
  
  
  }
  
  //scale the frames
  
  sws_scale(img_convert_ctx_in,
  
      pFrame->data, 
  
      pFrame->linesize,
  
      0, 
  
      pCodecCtx->height, 
  
      outFrame->data,
  
      outFrame->linesize);
  
  
  
  //initiate the pts value
  
  if ( frameNo == 0)
  
      outFrame->pts = 0;
  
  
  
  
  
      //calculate the pts value &amp; set it.
  
      outFrame->pts += av_rescale_q(1, video_stream->codec->time_base, video_stream->time_base);
  
  
  
      //encode frames into packages. Package passed in @packet.
  
      if(avcodec_encode_video2(outputContext->streams[0]->codec, &amp;packet, outFrame, &amp;pp) &lt; 0 )
  
        cout &lt;&lt; "Encoding frames into packages, failed. " &lt;&lt;  endl;
  
  
  
      frameNo++;
  
  
  
      //write the packages into file, resulting in creating a video file.
  
      av_interleaved_write_frame(outputContext,&amp;packet);
  
  
  
  
  
    }
  
  
  
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
  
  //av_write_trailer(outputContext);
  
  
  
  avio_close(outputContext->pb);
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   // Free the RGB image
  
   av_free(buffer);
  
   av_free(outFrame);
  
  
  
   // Free the YUV frame
  
   av_free(pFrame);
  
  
  
  // Close the codec
  
  avcodec_close(video_stream->codec);
  
  avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);
  
  
  
  // Close the video file
  
  avformat_close_input(&amp;pFormatCtx);
  
  
  
  return 0;
  
  
  
  
  
  }
  
  </iostream>

  at the end of the process I get my desired file with desired codec & container & resolution.

  My problem is, in a part of our project I need to get elementary video streams IN file. Such as example.264. However I can not add a stream without creating an AVFormatContext. I can not create an AVFormatContext because 264 files does not have a container,they are just raw video ?, as far as I know.

  I have tried the way in decoding_encoding.c which uses fwrite. However that example was for mpeg-2 codec and when I try to adapt that code to H264/AVC codec, I got "floating point division by zero" error from mediainfo and moreover, some of the properties of the video was not showing (such as FPS & playtime & quality factor). I think it has to do with the "endcode" the example adds at the end of the code. It is for mpeg-2. ( uint8_t endcode[] = 0, 0, 1, 0xb7  ; )

  Anyway, I would love to get a startpoint for this task. I have managed to come this far by using internet resources ( quite few & outdated for ffmpeg) but now I'm stuck a little.