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  • Meta Receives a Record GDPR Fine from The Irish Data Protection Commission

    29 mai 2023, par Erin — GDPR

    The Irish Data Protection Commission (the DPC) issued a €1.2 billion fine to Meta on May, 22nd 2023 for violating the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). 

    The regulator ruled that Meta was unlawfully transferring European users’ data to its US-based servers and taking no sufficient measures for ensuring users’ privacy. 

    Meta must now suspend data transfer within five months and delete EU/EEA users’ personal data that was illegally transferred across the border. Or they risk facing another round of repercussions. 

    Meta continued to transfer personal user data to the USA following an earlier ruling of The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), which already address problematic EU-U.S. data flows. Meta continued those transfers on the basis of the updated Standard Contractual Clauses (“SCCs”), adopted by the European Commission in 2021. 

    The Irish regulator successfully proved that these arrangements had not sufficiently addressed the “fundamental rights and freedoms” of the European data subjects, outlined in the CJEU ruling. Meta was not doing enough to protect EU users’ data against possible surveillance and unconsented usage by US authorities or other authorised entities.

    Why European Regulators Are After The US Big Tech Firms ? 

    GDPR regulations have been a sore area of compliance for US-based big tech companies. 

    Effectively, they had to adopt a host of new measures for collecting user consent, ensuring compliant data storage and the right to request data removal for a substantial part of their user bases. 

    The wrinkle, however, is that companies like Google and Meta among others, don’t have separate data processing infrastructure for different markets. Instead, all the user data gets commingled on the companies’ servers, which are located in the US. 

    Data storage facilities’ location is an issue. In 2020, the CJEU made a historical ruling, called the invalidation of the Privacy Shield. Originally, international companies were allowed to transfer data between the EU and the US if they adhered to seven data protection principles. This arrangement was called the Privacy Shield. 

    However, the continuous investigation found that the Privacy Shield scheme was not GDPR compliant and therefore companies could no longer use it to justify cross-border data transfers.

    The invalidation of the Privacy Shield gave ground for further investigations of the big tech companies’ compliance statuses. 

    In March 2022, the Irish DPC issued the first €17 million fine to Meta for “insufficient technical and organisational measures to ensure information security of European users”. In September 2022, Meta was again hit with a €405 million fine for Instagram breaching GDPR principles. 

    2023 began with another series of rulings, with the DPC concluding that Meta had breaches of the GDPR relating to its Facebook service (€210 million fine) and breaches related to Instagram (€180 million fine). 

    Clearly, Meta already knew they weren’t doing enough for GDPR compliance and yet they refused to take privacy-focused action. 

    Is Google GDPR Compliant ?

    Google has a similar “track record” as Meta when it comes to ensuring full compliance with the GDPR. Although Google has said to provide users with more controls for managing their data privacy, the proposed solutions are just scratching the surface. 

    In the background, Google continues to leverage its ample reserves of user browsing, behavioural and device data in product development and advertising. 

    In 2022, the Irish Council for Civil Liberties (ICCL) found that Google used web users’ information in its real-time bidding ad system without their knowledge or consent. The French data regulator (CNIL), in turn, fined Google for €150 million because of poor cookie consent banners the same year. 

    Google Analytics GDPR compliance status is, however, the bigger concern.

    Neither Google Univeral Analytics (UA) nor Google Analytics 4 are GDPR compliant, following the Privacy Shield framework invalidation in 2020. 

    Fines from individual regulators in Sweden, France, Austria, Italy, Denmark, Finland and Norway ruled that Google Analytics is non-GDPR compliant and is therefore illegal to use. 

    The regulatory rulings not just affect Google, but also GA users. Because the product is in breach of European privacy laws, people using it are complacent. Privacy groups like noyb, for example, are exercising their right to sue individual websites, using Google Analytics.

    How to Stay GDPR Compliant With Website Analytics 

    To avoid any potential risk exposure, selectively investigate each website analytics provider’s data storage and management practices. 

    Inquire about the company’s data storage locations among the first things. For example, Matomo Cloud keeps all the data in the EU, while Matomo On-Premise edition gives you the option to store data in any country of your choice. 

    Secondly, ask about their process for consent tracking and subsequent data analysis. Our website analytics product is fully GDPR compliant as we have first-party cookies enabled by default, offer a convenient option of tracking out-outs, provide a data removal mechanism and practice safe data storage. In fact, Matomo was approved by the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) as one of the few web analytics apps that can be used to collect data without tracking consent. 

    Using an in-built GDPR Manager, Matomo users can implement the right set of controls for their market and their industry. For example, you can implement extra data or IP anonymization ; disable visitor logs and profiles. 

    Thanks to our privacy-by-design architecture and native controls, users can make their Matomo analytics compliant even with the strictest privacy laws like HIPAA, CCPA, LGPD and PECR. 

    Learn more about GDPR-friendly website analytics.

    Final Thoughts

    Since the GDPR came into effect in 2018, over 1,400 fines have been given to various companies in breach of the regulations. Meta and Google have been initially lax in response to European regulatory demands. But as new fines follow and the consumer pressure mounts, Big Tech companies are forced to take more proactive measures : add opt-outs for personalised ads and introduce an alternative mechanism to third-party cookies. 

    Companies, using non-GDPR-compliant tools risk finding themselves in the crossfire of consumer angst and regulatory criticism. To operate an ethical, compliant business consider privacy-focused alternatives to Google products, especially in the area of website analytics. 

  • opencv ffmpeg vaapi 1080p resolution not working

    18 avril 2023, par yeo

    I want to use hardware acceleration with opencv manual build.
My gpu uses an i965 intel cpu built-in graphics card, and it is a debain11 environment.

    


    [OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: vaapi_vld


    


    If you look at some of the error messages below, it seems that the original file is 1920x1080 because it is converted to 1088 while reinit.
I've read that vaapi_vld reads 16 bits at a time.
In fact, it seems to work when the original file is changed to 1920x1072.
Is there a way to fix it without changing the original file resolution ?
Please advise seniors.
Sorry for my poor English skills
Thank you

    


    manual build CMAKE option

    


    "-DCMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE=ON -DWITH_VA_INTEL=ON -DWITH_VA=ON -DOPENCV_FFMPEG_ENABLE_LIBAVDEVICE=ON -DOPENCV_ENABLE_GLX=ON -DOPENCV_FFMPEG_SKIP_BUILD_CHECK=ON -DWITH_OPENVINO=ON -DWITH_INF_ENGINE=ON"



    


    build infomation

    


      OpenCV modules:
    To be built:                 calib3d core dnn features2d flann gapi highgui imgcodecs imgproc ml objdetect photo python3 stitching video videoio
    Disabled:                    world
    Disabled by dependency:      -
    Unavailable:                 java python2 ts
    Applications:                -
    Documentation:               NO
    Non-free algorithms:         NO

  GUI:                           GTK3
    GTK+:                        YES (ver 3.24.24)
      GThread :                  YES (ver 2.66.8)
      GtkGlExt:                  NO
    VTK support:                 NO
  Media I/O: 
    ZLib:                        /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so (ver 1.2.11)
    JPEG:                        /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so (ver 62)
    WEBP:                        /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libwebp.so (ver encoder: 0x020e)
    PNG:                         /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng.so (ver 1.6.37)
    TIFF:                        /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libtiff.so (ver 42 / 4.2.0)
    JPEG 2000:                   build (ver 2.4.0)
    OpenEXR:                     build (ver 2.3.0)
    HDR:                         YES
    SUNRASTER:                   YES
    PXM:                         YES
    PFM:                         YES
  Video I/O:
    DC1394:                      YES (2.2.6)
    FFMPEG:                      YES
      avcodec:                   YES (58.91.100)
      avformat:                  YES (58.45.100)
      avutil:                    YES (56.51.100)
      swscale:                   YES (5.7.100)
      avresample:                YES (4.0.0)
    GStreamer:                   YES (1.18.4)
    v4l/v4l2:                    YES (linux/videodev2.h)

  Parallel framework:            pthreads

  Trace:                         YES (with Intel ITT)

  Other third-party libraries:
    Intel IPP:                   2020.0.0 Gold [2020.0.0]
    VA:                          YES
    Lapack:                      NO
    Eigen:                       NO
    Custom HAL:                  NO
    Protobuf:                    build (3.19.1)

  OpenCL:                        YES (INTELVA)
    Include path:                /home/xxx
    Link libraries:              Dynamic load

  Python 3:
    Interpreter:                 /usr/bin/python3 (ver 3.9.2)
    Libraries:                   /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.9.so (ver 3.9.2)
    numpy:                       /home/../include (ver 1.19.3)
    install path:                python/cv2/python-3


    


    vainfo

    


    libva info: VA-API version 1.10.0
libva info: User environment variable requested driver 'i965'
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_8
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.10 (libva 2.10.0)
vainfo: Driver version: Intel i965 driver for Intel(R) Haswell Mobile - 2.4.1
vainfo: Supported profile and entrypoints
      VAProfileMPEG2Simple            : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileMPEG2Simple            : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileMPEG2Main              : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileMPEG2Main              : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline: VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264ConstrainedBaseline: VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileH264Main               : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264Main               : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileH264High               : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264High               : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh      : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264MultiviewHigh      : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileH264StereoHigh         : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileH264StereoHigh         : VAEntrypointEncSlice
      VAProfileVC1Simple              : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileVC1Main                : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileVC1Advanced            : VAEntrypointVLD
      VAProfileNone                   : VAEntrypointVideoProc
      VAProfileJPEGBaseline           : VAEntrypointVLD


    


    import os
import cv2

os.environ["OPENCV_FFMPEG_CAPTURE_OPTIONS"] = "hw_decoders_any;vaapi,vdpau" +

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(file_name,cv2.CAP_FFMPEG(cv2.CAP_PROP_HW_ACCELERATION,cv2.VIDEO_ACCELERATION_ANY))  



    


    error code

    


    [ INFO:0@0.187] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/videoio/src/videoio_registry.cpp (223) VideoBackendRegistry VIDEOIO: Enabled backends(8, sorted by priority): FFMPEG(1000); GSTREAMER(990); INTEL_MFX(980); V4L2(970); CV_IMAGES(960); CV_MJPEG(950); FIREWIRE(940); UEYE(930)
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: yuv420p
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] Trying to use DRM render node for device 0.
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] libva: VA-API version 1.10.0
libva: User environment variable requested driver 'i965'
libva: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/i965_drv_video.so
libva: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_8
libva: va_openDriver() returns 0
Initialised VAAPI connection: version 1.10
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] VAAPI driver: Intel i965 driver for Intel(R) Haswell Mobile - 2.4.1.
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] Driver not found in known nonstandard list, using standard behaviour.
[ INFO:0@0.228] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/videoio/src/cap_ffmpeg_hw.hpp (276) hw_check_device FFMPEG: Using vaapi video acceleration on device: Intel i965 driver for Intel(R) Haswell Mobile - 2.4.1
[ INFO:0@0.228] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/videoio/src/cap_ffmpeg_hw.hpp (566) hw_create_device FFMPEG: Created video acceleration context (av_hwdevice_ctx_create) for vaapi on device 'default'
[ INFO:0@0.228] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/core/src/ocl.cpp (1186) haveOpenCL Initialize OpenCL runtime...
[ INFO:0@0.228] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/core/src/ocl.cpp (1192) haveOpenCL OpenCL: found 0 platforms
File open : ./videoplayback1.mp4
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:40] Reinit context to 1920x1088, pix_fmt: vaapi_vld
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:16] Failed to read image from surface 0x4000014: 18 (invalid parameter).
[ERROR:0@0.245] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/videoio/src/cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp (1575) retrieveFrame Error copying data from GPU to CPU (av_hwframe_transfer_data)
Play video ... size=1920x1080, file=./videoplayback1.mp4
[OPENCV:FFMPEG:16] Failed to read image from surface 0x4000012: 18 (invalid parameter).
[ERROR:0@0.277] global /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/videoio/src/cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp (1575) retrieveFrame Error copying data from GPU to CPU (av_hwframe_transfer_data)
OpenCV(4.6.0) Error: Assertion failed (!image.empty()) in imencode, file /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/imgcodecs/src/loadsave.cpp, line 976
err =  OpenCV(4.6.0) /home/u/opencv-python/opencv/modules/imgcodecs/src/loadsave.cpp:976: error: (-215:Assertion failed) !image.empty() in function 'imencode'



    


    I tried to do video capture by ffmpeg hwacceleration with opencv, but an error message occurred

    


  • VLC Player shows broken HLS stream with 4k HDR10 mkv

    8 avril 2023, par goodkid38

    I am trying to convert a 4k mkv to an HLS stream but I am not having any luck. I have tried a few ffmpeg commands to try and fix the issue but none have worked. Here are the commands I have tried.

    


      

    1. Basic copy command :

      2. 


    


    ffmpeg -i "video.mkv" -c copy -f hls "plexTemp/out.m3u8"

    


      

    1. Command used to see if it was an HDR color issue :

      2. 


    


    ffmpeg -i "video.mkv" -c copy -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -f hls "plexTemp/out.m3u8"
3. Command used to revert to 8 bit color :

    


    ffmpeg -i "video.mkv" -c copy -pix_fmt yuv420p -f hls "plexTemp/out.m3u8"

    


      

    1. I tried removing extra streams and just focusing on audio and video :

      2. 


    


    ffmpeg -i "out.mkv" -map 0:v:0 -map 0:a:1 -c copy -pix_fmt yuv420p10le -f hls "plexTemp/out.m3u8"

    


    I also saw these warnings when running each command.Stream HEVC is not hvc1, you should use tag:v hvc1 to set it.
And this

    


    [matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Stream #12: not enough frames to estimate rate; consider increasing probesize
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 6 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 7 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 8 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 9 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 10 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
[matroska,webm @ 000001d7921803c0] Could not find codec parameters for stream 11 (Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle (pgssub)): unspecified size
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options


    


    So I tried increasing the analyzeduration and probesize and adding the tag like so :
ffmpeg -analyzeduration 10000000 -probesize 10000000 -i "out.mkv" -c copy -tag:v hvc1 -f hls "plexTemp/out.m3u8"

    


    To no avail. Here is what the output looks like on VLC. It's mostly black with a few lines of color that randomly change.enter image description here

    


    On my TV I see this :

    


    enter image description here

    


    One thing I see that stands out in ffmpegs output is this :

    


    [hls @ 00000207239a9ec0] Opening 'plexTemp/out0.ts' for writing7 bitrate=  -0.0kbits/s speed=N/A
[hls @ 00000207239a9ec0] Opening 'plexTemp/out.m3u8.tmp' for writing


    


    Here is the audio and video info on the mkv :

    


    General
Unique ID                                : 92280908398971492516286250889389584022 (0x456CA80EF29B1357B572719D6EC4AE96)
Complete name                            : I:\video.mkv
Format                                   : Matroska
Format version                           : Version 2
File size                                : 49.4 GiB
Duration                                 : 1 h 39 min
Overall bit rate mode                    : Variable
Overall bit rate                         : 71.2 Mb/s
Frame rate                               : 23.976 FPS
Movie name                               : video
Encoded date                             : 2023-04-06 22:39:53 UTC
Writing application                      : MakeMKV v1.16.7 win(x64-release)
Writing library                          : libmakemkv v1.16.7 (1.3.10/1.5.2) win(x64-release)
Cover                                    : Yes
Attachments                              : cover.jpg

Video
ID                                       : 1
ID in the original source medium         : 4113 (0x1011)
Format                                   : HEVC
Format/Info                              : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile                           : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format                               : SMPTE ST 2086, HDR10 compatible
Codec ID                                 : V_MPEGH/ISO/HEVC
Duration                                 : 1 h 39 min
Bit rate                                 : 63.6 Mb/s
Width                                    : 3 840 pixels
Height                                   : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio                     : 16:9
Frame rate mode                          : Constant
Frame rate                               : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space                              : YUV
Chroma subsampling                       : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth                                : 10 bits
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)                       : 0.320
Stream size                              : 44.1 GiB (89%)
Writing library                          : ATEME Titan File 3.9.6 (4.9.6.2)        
Language                                 : English
Default                                  : No
Forced                                   : No
Color range                              : Limited
Color primaries                          : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics                 : PQ
Matrix coefficients                      : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries        : Display P3
Mastering display luminance              : min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level              : 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level        : 140 cd/m2
Original source medium                   : Blu-ray

Audio #1
ID                                       : 2
ID in the original source medium         : 4352 (0x1100)
Format                                   : DTS XLL X
Format/Info                              : Digital Theater Systems
Commercial name                          : DTS:X
Codec ID                                 : A_DTS
Duration                                 : 1 h 39 min
Bit rate mode                            : Variable
Bit rate                                 : 4 174 kb/s
Channel(s)                               : 8 channels
Channel layout                           : C L R LFE Lb Rb Lss Rss
Sampling rate                            : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate                               : 93.750 FPS (512 SPF)
Bit depth                                : 24 bits
Stream size                              : 2.89 GiB (6%)
Title                                    : Surround 7.1
Language                                 : English
Default                                  : Yes
Forced                                   : No
Original source medium                   : Blu-ray
Here is information on the HLS output:
General
Complete name                            : I:\out.m3u8
Format                                   : HLS
Format profile                           : Media
File size                                : 67.4 MiB
Duration                                 : 8 s 138 ms
Overall bit rate mode                    : Variable
Overall bit rate                         : 69.4 Mb/s
Frame rate                               : 23.976 FPS


    


    And my
Here is the output of my HLS stream :

    


    Video
ID                                       : 256 (0x100)
Menu ID                                  : 1 (0x1)
Format                                   : HEVC
Format/Info                              : High Efficiency Video Coding
Format profile                           : Main 10@L5.1@High
HDR format                               : SMPTE ST 2086, HDR10 compatible
Muxing mode                              : MPEG-TS
Codec ID                                 : 36
Duration                                 : 8 s 49 ms
Width                                    : 3 840 pixels
Height                                   : 2 160 pixels
Display aspect ratio                     : 16:9
Frame rate                               : 23.976 (24000/1001) FPS
Color space                              : YUV
Chroma subsampling                       : 4:2:0 (Type 2)
Bit depth                                : 10 bits
Writing library                          : ATEME Titan File 3.9.6 (4.9.6.2)        
Color range                              : Limited
Color primaries                          : BT.2020
Transfer characteristics                 : PQ
Matrix coefficients                      : BT.2020 non-constant
Mastering display color primaries        : Display P3
Mastering display luminance              : min: 0.0050 cd/m2, max: 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Content Light Level              : 1000 cd/m2
Maximum Frame-Average Light Level        : 140 cd/m2
Source                                   : out92.ts

Audio
ID                                       : 257 (0x101)
Menu ID                                  : 1 (0x1)
Format                                   : DTS XLL X
Format/Info                              : Digital Theater Systems
Commercial name                          : DTS:X
Muxing mode                              : MPEG-TS
Codec ID                                 : 130
Duration                                 : 8 s 138 ms
Bit rate mode                            : Variable
Channel(s)                               : 8 channels
Channel layout                           : C L R LFE Lb Rb Lss Rss
Sampling rate                            : 48.0 kHz
Frame rate                               : 93.750 FPS (512 SPF)
Bit depth                                : 24 bits
Delay relative to video                  : -125 ms
Language                                 : English
Source                                   : out92.ts


    


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