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• Cracking Aztec Game Audio

  7 juin 2011, par Multimedia Mike — Game Hacking

  Here’s a mild multimedia-related reverse engineering challenge for you. It’s pretty straightforward for those skilled in the art.

  The Setup
  One side effect of running this ridiculously niche interest blog at the intersection of multimedia, reverse engineering, and game hacking is that people occasionally contact me for assistance on those very matters. So it was when one of my MobyGames peers asked if I can help to extract some music from a game called Aztec Wars. The game consists of 2 discs, each with a music.xbe file that contains multiple tunes and is hundreds of megabytes large.

  
  
  

  That’s all the data I received from the first email. At first I’m wondering what makes people think I have some magical insight into cracking these formats with such little information. Ordinarily, I would need to have the entire data file to work with and possibly the game binaries. But I didn’t want to ask him to upload hundreds of megabytes of data and I didn’t feel like downloading it ; commitment issues and all.

  But then I gathered a little confidence and remembered that the .xbe files are probably just Game Resource Archive Formats (GRAF) which are, traditionally, absurdly simple. I asked my colleague to send me a hexdump of the first kilobyte of one of the .xbe GRAFs ('hexdump -C -n 1024 music.xbe > file') as well as the total file size of the GRAF.

  The Hexdump
  The first music.xbe file is 192817376 bytes large. These are the first 1024 144 bytes (more than enough) :

  00000000  01 00 00 00 60 04 00 00  14 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  |....`...........|
  00000010  0d 00 00 00 48 00 00 00  94 39 63 01 1c a4 21 03  |....H....9c..¤ !.|
  00000020  7a d2 54 04 04 28 ad 05  d8 88 fd 06 d8 88 fd 06  |zÒT..(­.Ø.ý.Ø.ý.|
  00000030  2a 6e 46 08 2a 6e 46 08  2a 6e 46 08 2a 6e 46 08  |*nF.*nF.*nF.*nF.|
  00000040  50 13 2f 0a e0 28 7e 0b  52 49 46 46 44 39 63 01  |P./.à( .RIFFD9c.|
  00000050  57 41 56 45 66 6d 74 20  10 00 00 00 01 00 02 00  |WAVEfmt ........|
  00000060  44 ac 00 00 10 b1 02 00  04 00 10 00 64 61 74 61  |D¬...±......data|
  00000070  fc 13 63 01 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |ü.c.............|
  00000080  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  |................|
  

  The Challenge
  Armed with only the information in the foregoing section, figure out a method for extracting all the audio files in that file and advise on their playback/conversion. Ideally, this method should require minimal effort from both you and the person on the other end of the conversation.

  The Resolution
  The reason I ask is because I came up with a solution but knew, deep down, that there must be a slightly easier way. How would you solve this ?

  The music files in question are now preserved on YouTube (until they see fit to remove them for one reason or another).

• OpenCV VideoWriter will not open

  21 février 2015, par ChrisC

  I’m having trouble instantiating and opening an OpenCV VideoWriter for recording video on a Raspberry Pi (Raspbian Weezy).

  My project is written in C++, but I’ve written a minimal Python program that demonstrates the problem.

  https://gist.github.com/chriscollins/11ff2f43852e1c93dae8

  Both my C++ code and the Python code above run without problem on my Windows machine. Sometimes the writer does not open, but that’s to be expected - I don’t have all of the listed codecs installed (the list of codecs comes from the Open CV source), but a good number of them work correctly. However, on a Raspberry Pi, both the C++ code and the Python code fail with the VideoWriter never being opened. In the above Python code, writer.isOpened() returns false for every single codec, when run on a Raspberry Pi.

  I’ve chowned the destination directory to the user I’m running the Python script as, and chmodded it to 777 so I don’t believe that it is a permissions problem. I think it may be connected with how I’ve installed OpenCV or some of its dependencies, but I’m not sure how to rectify it.

  The install process I’ve used is as follows :

  1. Update firmware/packages via rpi-update, apt-get update and apt-get upgrade.

  2. Install the following dependencies via apt-get :

     libjpeg8
libjpeg8-dev
libjpeg8-dbg
libjpeg-progs
ffmpeg
libavcodec-dev
libavcodec53
libavformat53
libavformat-dev
libgstreamer0.10-0-dbg
libgstreamer0.10-0
libgstreamer0.10-dev
libxine1-ffmpeg
libxine-dev
libxine1-bin
libunicap2
libunicap2-dev
swig
libv4l-0
libv4l-dev
python-numpy
libpython2.6
python-dev
python2.6-dev
libgtk2.0-dev

  3. Download and unzip http://sourceforge.net/projects/opencvlibrary/files/opencv-unix/2.4.9/opencv-2.4.9.zip to /root/opencv-2.4.9.

  4. cd /root/opencv-2.4.9 and run cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DBUILD_PERF_TESTS=OFF -DBUILD_opencv_gpu=OFF -DBUILD_opencv_ocl=OFF. Output of cmake is available at https://gist.github.com/chriscollins/d8060e03a6acd6d4336c

  5. make and make install from the same directory.

  Various other OpenCV functionality works correctly on the Raspberry Pi (in C++ or in Python) - e.g. viewing a webcam via VideoCapture, but I can’t get the VideoWriter to work. I’m tempted to try installing FFMPEG from source instead of via apt-get, but as make takes 5+ hours to run on a Raspberry Pi, I was hoping I’d find the answer here, rather than proceeding with a trial and error approach !

  Any advice on how to solve (or debug) this is appreciated.

  EDIT : Added output of cmake command (https://gist.github.com/chriscollins/d8060e03a6acd6d4336c)

• ValueError : I/O operation on closed file with ffmpeg

  22 mars 2018, par AstroCoda

  I’m trying to get this (minimal working example) code to compile in a virtual environment on Anaconda which I’ve set up in a supercomputing cluster :

  import numpy as np
  
  import matplotlib
  
  matplotlib.use("Agg")
  
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  import matplotlib.animation as manimation
  
  
  
  FFMpegWriter = manimation.writers['ffmpeg']
  
  metadata = dict(title='Movie Test', artist='Matplotlib',
  
              comment='Movie support!')
  
  writer = FFMpegWriter(fps=15, metadata=metadata)
  
  
  
  fig = plt.figure()
  
  l, = plt.plot([], [], 'k-o')
  
  
  
  plt.xlim(-5, 5)
  
  plt.ylim(-5, 5)
  
  
  
  x0, y0 = 0, 0
  
  
  
  with writer.saving(fig, "writer_test.mp4", 100):
  
      for i in range(100):
  
          x0 += 0.1 * np.random.randn()
  
          y0 += 0.1 * np.random.randn()
  
          l.set_data(x0, y0)
  
          writer.grab_frame()

  The thing is, this code works absolutely fine on my local machine (MacOSX) - Anaconda distribution ; Python 2.7 ; same matplotlib and numpy version, and I have ffmpeg on Anaconda ; I have ffmpeg on the cluster as well, albeit at a different version to the one on Python (but no issue with this on my local machine). When I run the code on the cluster, I get :

  Traceback (most recent call last):
  
    File "movie_test.py", line 25, in <module>
  
      writer.grab_frame()
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/contextlib.py", line 35, in __exit__
  
      self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 241, in saving
  
      self.finish()
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 367, in finish
  
      self.cleanup()
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 405, in cleanup
  
      out, err = self._proc.communicate()
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/subprocess32.py", line 927, in communicate
  
      stdout, stderr = self._communicate(input, endtime, timeout)
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/subprocess32.py", line 1713, in _communicate
  
      orig_timeout)
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/subprocess32.py", line 1769, in _communicate_with_poll
  
      register_and_append(self.stdout, select_POLLIN_POLLPRI)
  
    File "~/anaconda2/envs/test_movie/lib/python2.7/site-packages/subprocess32.py", line 1748, in register_and_append
  
      poller.register(file_obj.fileno(), eventmask)
  
  ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
  
  </module>

  All the searches I’ve made correspond to relatively simple text write in/out operations, but not for videos. Thanks in advance for the help !