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• Converting Real Media with ffmpeg

  22 avril 2018, par Eric Arenson

  I have a number of old crusty Real Media files I need to convert and was hoping to write a script to batch process them. I’m able to do a Real Media -> AVI conversion with FFMpegX, but when I try to replicate the conversion with ffmpeg, it always errors out with something like :

  [avi @ 0x10084fa00] Too large number of skipped frames 117425 > 60000

  It may have something to do with the funky format of these Real Media files :

  Duration: 01:28:23.42, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0: Data: none, 32 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:1: Data: none, 192 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:2: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:3: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:4: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 8 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:5: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 5 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:6: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 27 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:7: Audio: cook (cook / 0x6B6F6F63), 22050 Hz, mono, fltp, 32 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:8: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 192 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:9: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 136 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:10: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:11: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:12: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:13: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:14: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:15: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 5 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc

  Does anyone have any tips on either how to find out what FFMpegX is doing to make the conversion work, or a better way to go about using ffmpeg to do this ?

  EDIT

  Including the ffmpeg command (thank you to @Mondain for teaching me about the stream mapping !) and output :

  Command :

  ffmpeg -i cc121307pm.rm -map 0:8 -map 0:7 -c:v libx264 -c:a libfaac -b:a 32k test.avi

  Output :

  ffmpeg version 1.2.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built on Aug  7 2013 12:29:30 with gcc 4.2.1 (GCC) (Apple Inc. build 5664)
  
    configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/1.2.1 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-nonfree --enable-hardcoded-tables --enable-avresample --enable-vda --cc=/usr/bin/gcc-4.2 --host-cflags='-Os -w -pipe -march=core2 -msse4.1 -mmacosx-version-min=10.6' --host-ldflags=-L/usr/local/lib --enable-libx264 --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libxvid
  
    libavutil      52. 18.100 / 52. 18.100
  
    libavcodec     54. 92.100 / 54. 92.100
  
    libavformat    54. 63.104 / 54. 63.104
  
    libavdevice    54.  3.103 / 54.  3.103
  
    libavfilter     3. 42.103 /  3. 42.103
  
    libswscale      2.  2.100 /  2.  2.100
  
    libswresample   0. 17.102 /  0. 17.102
  
    libpostproc    52.  2.100 / 52.  2.100
  
  [rm @ 0x10180f200] Unsupported stream type 00000265
  
  [rm @ 0x10180f200] Unsupported stream type 00000652
  
  [rm @ 0x10180f200] max_analyze_duration 5000000 reached at 5004000 microseconds
  
  Input #0, rm, from 'input.rm':
  
    Metadata:
  
      File ID         : 41deac0f-94fb-3595-325c-c717943bc532
  
      Content Rating  : (PICS-1.1 "http://www.classify.org/safesurf" labels comment "RealProducer Plus 8.5.0.200 Windows" ratings (SS~~000 1))
  
      Modification Date: 12/13/2007 16:26:16
  
      Generated By    : RealProducer Plus 8.5.0.200 Windows
  
      Keywords        : 
  
      Abstract        : 
  
      Target Audiences: 28K Modem (20 Kbps);56K Modem (34 Kbps);256K DSL/Cable Modem (225 Kbps);
  
      Video Quality   : Normal Motion Video
  
      Audio Format    : Voice Only
  
      Creation Date   : 12/13/2007 14:57:49
  
      ASMRuleBook     : #($Bandwidth < 15000),Stream2Bandwidth = 6500, Stream3Bandwidth = 5499;#($Bandwidth >= 15000) && ($Bandwidth < 20000),Stream2Ba
  
      title           : 
  
      author          : 
  
      copyright       : ?2007
  
      comment         : 
  
    Duration: 01:28:23.42, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0: Data: none, 32 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:1: Data: none, 192 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:2: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:3: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:4: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 8 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:5: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 5 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:6: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 27 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:7: Audio: cook (cook / 0x6B6F6F63), 22050 Hz, mono, fltp, 32 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:8: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 192 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:9: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 136 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:10: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:11: Audio: sipr (sipr / 0x72706973), 8000 Hz, mono, flt, 6 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:12: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:13: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:14: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 13 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
      Stream #0:15: Video: rv20 (RV20 / 0x30325652), yuv420p, 320x240, 5 kb/s, 15 fps, 15 tbr, 1k tbn, 1k tbc
  
  [libx264 @ 0x101889c00] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 FastShuffle SSE4.1 Cache64
  
  [libx264 @ 0x101889c00] profile High, level 1.3
  
  Output #0, avi, to 'test.avi':
  
    Metadata:
  
      File ID         : 41deac0f-94fb-3595-325c-c717943bc532
  
      Content Rating  : (PICS-1.1 "http://www.classify.org/safesurf" labels comment "RealProducer Plus 8.5.0.200 Windows" ratings (SS~~000 1))
  
      Modification Date: 12/13/2007 16:26:16
  
      Generated By    : RealProducer Plus 8.5.0.200 Windows
  
      Keywords        : 
  
      Abstract        : 
  
      Target Audiences: 28K Modem (20 Kbps);56K Modem (34 Kbps);256K DSL/Cable Modem (225 Kbps);
  
      Video Quality   : Normal Motion Video
  
      Audio Format    : Voice Only
  
      Creation Date   : 12/13/2007 14:57:49
  
      ASMRuleBook     : #($Bandwidth < 15000),Stream2Bandwidth = 6500, Stream3Bandwidth = 5499;#($Bandwidth >= 15000) && ($Bandwidth < 20000),Stream2Ba
  
      INAM            : 
  
      author          : 
  
      ICOP            : ?2007
  
      ICMT            : 
  
      ISFT            : Lavf54.63.104
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (H264 / 0x34363248), yuv420p, 320x240, q=-1--1, 30 tbn, 30 tbc
  
      Stream #0:1: Audio: aac ([255][0][0][0] / 0x00FF), 22050 Hz, mono, s16, 32 kb/s
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:8 -> #0:0 (rv20 -> libx264)
  
    Stream #0:7 -> #0:1 (cook -> libfaac)
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
  
  [rm @ 0x10180f200] DATA tag in middle of chunk, file may be broken.
  
  Truncating packet of size 775215378 to 283607526
  
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  input.rm: Input/output error
  
  frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=      10kB time=00:00:00.00 bitrate=N/A    
  
  video:0kB audio:0kB subtitle:0 global headers:0kB muxing overhead inf%
  
  Output file is empty, nothing was encoded (check -ss / -t / -frames parameters if used)

• ffmpeg how to encode first then use it for another output

  10 août 2017, par mahdi gh

  I’m trying to capture screen with gdigrab and combine int with a sound and then send it on my decklink sdi device.

  here is my code to capture :

  ffmpeg -framerate 25 -thread_queue_size 512 -f gdigrab -i title="Play" -f dshow -i audio="CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable)" -af aresample=resampler=soxr -ar 48000 -acodec pcm_s16le -ac 2 -c:v libx264 -qp 0 -preset ultrafast "output.avi"

  here is my code for output to ffmpeg :

  ffmpeg -i output.avi -f decklink -pix_fmt uyvy422 "DeckLink SDI (2)"

  this way it works, but when I combine these two arguments to send the output to decklink card on the fly, ffmpeg stops working. here is the combination code :

  ffmpeg -framerate 25 -thread_queue_size 512 -f gdigrab -i title="Play" -f dshow -i audio="CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable)" -af aresample=resampler=soxr -ar 48000 -acodec pcm_s16le -ac 2  -f decklink -pix_fmt uyvy422 "DeckLink SDI (2)"

  I have tried so many different combinations but no luck. it works only if i store it on a file then use that file as input. Is there a way to tell ffmpeg to use the result of first command as input of second command ?

  Thanks

  Update :
  Here is log report :

      ffmpeg started on 2017-08-08 at 12:26:36
  
  Report written to "ffmpeg-20170808-122636.log"
  
  Command line:
  
  ffmpeg -framerate 25 -thread_queue_size 512 -f gdigrab -i "title=Play" -c:v rawvideo -f dshow -i "audio=CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable)" -af "aresample=resampler=soxr" -ar 48000 -acodec pcm_s16le -ac 2 -map 0:v:0 -map 1:a:0 -f decklink -pix_fmt uyvy422 "DeckLink SDI (2)" -report
  
  ffmpeg version N-71608-ga924b83 Copyright (c) 2000-2015 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with gcc 4.9.2 (GCC)
  
    configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-avisynth --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libdcadec --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libilbc --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-decklink --enable-zlib
  
    libavutil      54. 23.101 / 54. 23.101
  
    libavcodec     56. 35.101 / 56. 35.101
  
    libavformat    56. 30.100 / 56. 30.100
  
    libavdevice    56.  4.100 / 56.  4.100
  
    libavfilter     5. 14.100 /  5. 14.100
  
    libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
  
    libswresample   1.  1.100 /  1.  1.100
  
    libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
  
  Splitting the commandline.
  
  Reading option '-framerate' ... matched as AVOption 'framerate' with argument '25'.
  
  Reading option '-thread_queue_size' ... matched as option 'thread_queue_size' (set the maximum number of queued packets from the demuxer) with argument '512'.
  
  Reading option '-f' ... matched as option 'f' (force format) with argument 'gdigrab'.
  
  Reading option '-i' ... matched as input file with argument 'title=Play'.
  
  Reading option '-c:v' ... matched as option 'c' (codec name) with argument 'rawvideo'.
  
  Reading option '-f' ... matched as option 'f' (force format) with argument 'dshow'.
  
  Reading option '-i' ... matched as input file with argument 'audio=CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable)'.
  
  Reading option '-af' ... matched as option 'af' (set audio filters) with argument 'aresample=resampler=soxr'.
  
  Reading option '-ar' ... matched as option 'ar' (set audio sampling rate (in Hz)) with argument '48000'.
  
  Reading option '-acodec' ... matched as option 'acodec' (force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)) with argument 'pcm_s16le'.
  
  Reading option '-ac' ... matched as option 'ac' (set number of audio channels) with argument '2'.
  
  Reading option '-map' ... matched as option 'map' (set input stream mapping) with argument '0:v:0'.
  
  Reading option '-map' ... matched as option 'map' (set input stream mapping) with argument '1:a:0'.
  
  Reading option '-f' ... matched as option 'f' (force format) with argument 'decklink'.
  
  Reading option '-pix_fmt' ... matched as option 'pix_fmt' (set pixel format) with argument 'uyvy422'.
  
  Reading option 'DeckLink SDI (2)' ... matched as output file.
  
  Reading option '-report' ... matched as option 'report' (generate a report) with argument '1'.
  
  Finished splitting the commandline.
  
  Parsing a group of options: global .
  
  Applying option report (generate a report) with argument 1.
  
  Successfully parsed a group of options.
  
  Parsing a group of options: input file title=Play.
  
  Applying option thread_queue_size (set the maximum number of queued packets from the demuxer) with argument 512.
  
  Applying option f (force format) with argument gdigrab.
  
  Successfully parsed a group of options.
  
  Opening an input file: title=Play.
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Found window Play, capturing 720x576x32 at (0,0)
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (588,602) -> (-271,597)
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] All info found
  
  Input #0, gdigrab, from 'title=Play':
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 1502178996.958615, bitrate: 331786 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0, 1, 1/1000000: Video: bmp, bgra, 720x576, 331786 kb/s, 25 tbr, 1000k tbn, 25 tbc
  
  Successfully opened the file.
  
  Parsing a group of options: input file audio=CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable).
  
  Applying option c:v (codec name) with argument rawvideo.
  
  Applying option f (force format) with argument dshow.
  
  Successfully parsed a group of options.
  
  Opening an input file: audio=CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable).
  
  [dshow @ 0000000002d3c340] Selecting pin Capture on audio only
  
  dshow passing through packet of type audio size  88200 timestamp 111632750000 orig timestamp 111632750000
  
  [dshow @ 0000000002d3c340] All info found
  
  Guessed Channel Layout for  Input Stream #1.0 : stereo
  
  Input #1, dshow, from 'audio=CABLE Output (VB-Audio Virtual Cable)':
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 11163.275000, bitrate: 1411 kb/s
  
      Stream #1:0, 1, 1/10000000: Audio: pcm_s16le, 44100 Hz, 2 channels, s16, 1411 kb/s
  
  Successfully opened the file.
  
  Parsing a group of options: output file DeckLink SDI (2).
  
  Applying option af (set audio filters) with argument aresample=resampler=soxr.
  
  Applying option ar (set audio sampling rate (in Hz)) with argument 48000.
  
  Applying option acodec (force audio codec ('copy' to copy stream)) with argument pcm_s16le.
  
  Applying option ac (set number of audio channels) with argument 2.
  
  Applying option map (set input stream mapping) with argument 0:v:0.
  
  Applying option map (set input stream mapping) with argument 1:a:0.
  
  Applying option f (force format) with argument decklink.
  
  Applying option pix_fmt (set pixel format) with argument uyvy422.
  
  Successfully parsed a group of options.
  
  Opening an output file: DeckLink SDI (2).
  
  Successfully opened the file.
  
  detected 2 logical cores
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'video_size' to value '720x576'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'pix_fmt' to value '30'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/1000000'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'pixel_aspect' to value '0/1'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'sws_param' to value 'flags=2'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] Setting 'frame_rate' to value '25/1'
  
  [graph 0 input from stream 0:0 @ 0000000002dd7ea0] w:720 h:576 pixfmt:bgra tb:1/1000000 fr:25/1 sar:0/1 sws_param:flags=2
  
  [format @ 0000000002d3df00] compat: called with args=[uyvy422]
  
  [format @ 0000000002d3df00] Setting 'pix_fmts' to value 'uyvy422'
  
  [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0000000002d44ca0] Setting 'flags' to value '0x4'
  
  [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0000000002d44ca0] w:iw h:ih flags:'0x4' interl:0
  
  [format @ 0000000002d3df00] auto-inserting filter 'auto-inserted scaler 0' between the filter 'Parsed_null_0' and the filter 'format'
  
  [AVFilterGraph @ 0000000002e586c0] query_formats: 4 queried, 2 merged, 1 already done, 0 delayed
  
  [auto-inserted scaler 0 @ 0000000002d44ca0] w:720 h:576 fmt:bgra sar:0/1 -> w:720 h:576 fmt:uyvy422 sar:0/1 flags:0x4
  
  [Parsed_aresample_0 @ 0000000002d513a0] Setting 'resampler' to value 'soxr'
  
  [graph 1 input from stream 1:0 @ 0000000002d51460] Setting 'time_base' to value '1/44100'
  
  [graph 1 input from stream 1:0 @ 0000000002d51460] Setting 'sample_rate' to value '44100'
  
  [graph 1 input from stream 1:0 @ 0000000002d51460] Setting 'sample_fmt' to value 's16'
  
  [graph 1 input from stream 1:0 @ 0000000002d51460] Setting 'channel_layout' to value '0x3'
  
  [graph 1 input from stream 1:0 @ 0000000002d51460] tb:1/44100 samplefmt:s16 samplerate:44100 chlayout:0x3
  
  [audio format for output stream 0:1 @ 0000000002d51520] Setting 'sample_fmts' to value 's16'
  
  [audio format for output stream 0:1 @ 0000000002d51520] Setting 'sample_rates' to value '48000'
  
  [audio format for output stream 0:1 @ 0000000002d51520] Setting 'channel_layouts' to value '0x3'
  
  [AVFilterGraph @ 0000000002d4d0c0] query_formats: 4 queried, 9 merged, 0 already done, 0 delayed
  
  [Parsed_aresample_0 @ 0000000002d513a0] ch:2 chl:stereo fmt:s16 r:44100Hz -> ch:2 chl:stereo fmt:s16 r:48000Hz
  
  dshow passing through packet of type audio size  88200 timestamp 111637810000 orig timestamp 111637810000
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Found Decklink mode 720 x 576 with rate 25.00(i)
  
  Output #0, decklink, to 'DeckLink SDI (2)':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf56.30.100
  
      Stream #0:0, 0, 1/25: Video: rawvideo (UYVY / 0x59565955), uyvy422, 720x576, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc56.35.101 rawvideo
  
      Stream #0:1, 0, 1/48000: Audio: pcm_s16le, 48000 Hz, stereo, s16, 1536 kb/s
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc56.35.101 pcm_s16le
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (bmp (native) -> rawvideo (native))
  
    Stream #1:0 -> #0:1 (pcm_s16le (native) -> pcm_s16le (native))
  
  Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
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  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  Cliping frame in rate conversion by 0.000008
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Encoder did not produce proper pts, making some up.
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  *** 40 dup!
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  [gdigrab @ 0000000002d3f2a0] Cursor pos (689,472) -> (-170,467)
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 1.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 2.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 3.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 5.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 6.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 11.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 13.
  
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  dshow passing through packet of type audio size  88200 timestamp 111642810000 orig timestamp 111642810000
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 14.
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Ending audio preroll.
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Starting scheduled playback.
  
  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 15.
  
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  [decklink @ 0000000002dd6a00] Buffered video frames: 24.
  
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  frame=   42 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size=N/A time=00:00:01.68 bitrate=N/A dup=40 drop=0    
  
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  dshow passing through packet of type audio size  88200 timestamp 111647710000 orig timestamp 111647710000
  
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• Dreamcast Serial Extractor

  31 décembre 2017, par Multimedia Mike — Sega Dreamcast

  It has not been a very productive year for blogging. But I started the year by describing an unfinished project that I developed for the Sega Dreamcast, so I may as well end the year the same way. The previous project was a media player. That initiative actually met with some amount of success and could have developed into something interesting if I had kept at it.

  By contrast, this post describes an effort that was ultimately a fool’s errand that I spent way too much time trying to make work.

  Problem Statement
  In my neverending quest to analyze the structure of video games while also hoarding a massive collection of them (though I’m proud to report that I did play at least a few of them this past year), I wanted to be able to extract the data from my many Dreamcast titles, both games and demo discs. I had a tool called the DC Coder’s Cable, a serial cable that enables communication between a Dreamcast and a PC. With the right software, you could dump an entire Dreamcast GD-ROM, which contained a gigabyte worth of sectors.

  Problem : The dumping software (named ‘dreamrip’ and written by noted game hacker BERO) operated in a very basic mode, methodically dumping sector after sector and sending it down the serial cable. This meant that it took about 28 hours to extract all the data on a single disc by running at the maximum speed of 115,200 bits/second, or about 11 kilobytes/second. I wanted to create a faster method.

  The Pitch
  I formed a mental model of dreamrip’s operation that looked like this :

  
  
  

  As an improvement, I envisioned this beautiful architecture :
  

  
  
  

  Architectural Assumptions
  My proposed architecture was predicated on the assumption that the disc reading and serial output functions were both I/O-bound operations and that the CPU would be idle much of the time. My big idea was to use that presumably idle CPU time to compress the sectors before sending them over the wire. As long as the CPU can compress the data faster than 11 kbytes/sec, it should be a win. In order to achieve this, I broke the main program into 3 threads :

  1. The first thread reads the sectors ; more specifically, it asks the drive firmware to please read the sectors and make the data available in system RAM
  2. The second thread waits for sector data to appear in memory and then compresses it
  3. The third thread takes the compressed data when it is ready and shuffles it out through the serial cable

  Simple and elegant, right ?

  For data track compression, I wanted to start with zlib in order to prove the architecture, but then also try bzip2 or lzma. As long as they could compress data faster than the serial port could write it, then it should be a win. For audio track compression, I wanted to use the Flake FLAC encoder. According to my notes, I did get both bzip2 compression and the Flake compressor working on the Dreamcast. I recall choosing Flake over the official FLAC encoder because it was much simpler and had fewer dependencies, always an important consideration for platforms such as this.

  Problems
  I worked for quite awhile on this project. I have a lot of notes recorded but a lot of the problems I had remain a bit vague in my memory. However, there was one problem I discovered that eventually sunk the entire initiative :

  The serial output operation is CPU-bound.

  My initial mental model was that the a buffer could be “handed off” to the serial subsystem and the CPU could go back to doing other work. Nope. Turns out that the CPU was participating at every step of the serial transfer.

  Further, I eventually dug into the serial driver code and learned that there was already some compression taking place via the miniLZO library.

  Lessons Learned

  • Recognize the assumptions that you’re making up front at the start of the project.
  • Prototype in order to ensure plausibility
  • Profile to make sure you’re optimizing the right thing (this is something I have learned again and again).

  Another interesting tidbit from my notes : it doesn’t matter how many sectors you read at a time, the overall speed is roughly the same. I endeavored to read 1000 2048-byte data sectors, 1 or 10 or 100 at a time, or all 1000 at once. My results :

  • 1 : 19442 ms
  • 10 : 19207 ms
  • 100 : 19194 ms
  • 1000 : 19320 ms

  No difference. That surprised me.

  Side Benefits
  At one point, I needed to understand how BERO’s dreamrip software was operating. I knew I used to have the source code but I could no longer find it. Instead, I decided to try to reverse engineer what I needed from the SH-4 binary image that I had. It wasn’t an ELF image ; rather, it was a raw binary meant to be loaded at a particular memory location which makes it extra challenging for ‘objdump’. This led to me asking my most viewed and upvoted question on Stack Overflow : “Disassembling A Flat Binary File Using objdump”. The next day, it also led me to post one of my most upvoted answers when I found the solution elsewhere.

  Strangely, I have since tried out the command line shown in my answer and have been unable to make it work. But people keep upvoting both the question and the answer.

  Eventually this all became moot when I discovered a misplaced copy of the source code on one of my computers.

  I strongly recall binging through the Alias TV show while I was slogging away on this project, so I guess that’s a positive association since I got so many fun screenshots out of it.

  The Final Resolution
  Strangely, I was still determined to make this project work even though the Dreamcast SD adapter arrived for me about halfway through the effort. Part of this was just stubbornness, but part of it was my assumptions about serial port speeds, in particular, my assumption that there was a certain speed-of-light type of limitation on serial port speeds so that the SD adapter, operating over the DC’s serial port, would not be appreciably faster than the serial cable.

  This turned out to be very incorrect. In fact, the SD adapter is capable of extracting an entire gigabyte disc image in 35-40 minutes. This is the method I have since been using to extract Dreamcast disc images.

  The post Dreamcast Serial Extractor first appeared on Breaking Eggs And Making Omelettes.