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• ffmpeg concat skips frames near end of each subclip

  3 janvier 2024, par calvinusesyourcode

  So I have some video files to concat but in the resulting video the last few frames of each subclip are buggy. Imagine in the last 5 frames the first 3 frames are skipped and so at the end of each clip it seems to jitter.

  


  It should be virtually impossible for my input videos to have any differences between them, as they were all recorded on the same iPhone and all converted with the same command :

  


  command = [
            'ffmpeg', '-y',
            '-i', input_path,
            '-vf', 'scale=1080:1920',
            '-r', '30',
            '-c:v', 'libx264',
            output_path
        ]
subprocess.run(command, check=True)


  


  I have tried re-encoding instead of merely copying and adding -r 30 but that doesn't seem to work.

  


  subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-c", "copy", output_path])


  


      subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-r", "30", "-c:v", "libx264", "-c:a", "aac", output_path], check=True)


  


  Somewhere someone said to open in VLC and do a frame-by-frame, reporting that "the frames are actually there, just not visually when watching normally". In my case the frame-by-frame reveals the frames are indeed being skipped.

  


  Full console output :

  


  ffmpeg version 2023-05-18-git-01d9a84ef5-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 12.2.0 (Rev10, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libzvbi --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-d3d11va --enable-dxva2 --enable-libvpl --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa 
--enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      58.  7.100 / 58.  7.100
  libavcodec     60. 14.100 / 60. 14.100
  libavformat    60.  5.100 / 60.  5.100
  libavdevice    60.  2.100 / 60.  2.100
  libavfilter     9.  8.100 /  9.  8.100
  libswscale      7.  2.100 /  7.  2.100
  libswresample   4. 11.100 /  4. 11.100
  libpostproc    57.  2.100 / 57.  2.100
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60610ebc0] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
Input #0, concat, from 'run\broll_subclips.txt':
  Duration: N/A, start: -0.023220, bitrate: 3094 kb/s
  Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High 10) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p10le(tv, bt2020nc/bt2020/arib-std-b67, progressive), 1080x1920, 2968 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.14.100 libx264
  Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 126 kb/s
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX 
FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] profile High 10, level 4.0, 4:2:0, 10-bit
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] 264 - core 164 r3107 a8b68eb - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2023 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=81 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'joined_clips.mp4':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf60.5.100
  Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p10le(tv, bt2020nc/bt2020/arib-std-b67, progressive), 1080x1920, q=2-31, 30 fps, 15360 tbn
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.14.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
  Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.14.100 aac
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:00.23 bitrate=   1.7kbits/s dup[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size=       0kB time=00:00:01.97 bitrate=   0.2kbits/s dupframe=   42 fps= 41 q=41.0 size=     256kB time=00:00:01.97 bitrate=1062.7kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=   81 fps= 53 q=41.0 size=     768kB time=00:00:04.71 bitrate=1334.8kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  124 fps= 61 q=41.0 size=    1280kB time=00:00:06.10 bitrate=1717.1kbits/s duframe=  178 fps= 69 q=38.0 size=    1536kB time=00:00:07.96 bitrate=1579.9kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  235 fps= 76 q=41.0 size=    2048kB time=00:00:09.84 bitrate=1704.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  273 fps= 76 q=41.0 size=    2560kB time=00:00:11.12 bitrate=1885.5kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  309 fps= 75 q=41.0 size=    2816kB time=00:00:12.30 bitrate=1874.5kbits/s duframe=  354 fps= 77 q=41.0 size=    3328kB time=00:00:13.83 bitrate=1969.9kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  411 fps= 80 q=41.0 size=    3840kB time=00:00:15.72 bitrate=2001.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  479 fps= 85 q=41.0 size=    4096kB time=00:00:17.99 bitrate=1864.6kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d608de8100] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  515 fps= 84 q=41.0 size=    4608kB time=00:00:19.20 bitrate=1965.7kbits/s duframe=  549 fps= 81 q=41.0 size=    4864kB time=00:00:20.31 bitrate=1961.1kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60c3e8d40] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  600 fps= 83 q=41.0 size=    5632kB time=00:00:22.03 bitrate=2093.7kbits/s du[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d60c3e8d40] Auto-inserting h264_mp4toannexb bitstream filter
frame=  648 fps= 83 q=41.0 size=    5888kB time=00:00:23.61 bitrate=2042.5kbits/s du[out#0/mp4 @ 000001d6061163c0] video:6385kB audio:335kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.377336%
frame=  724 fps= 86 q=-1.0 Lsize=    6746kB time=00:00:24.03 bitrate=2299.4kbits/s dup=6 drop=2 speed=2.86x
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame I:12    Avg QP:26.96  size: 87427
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame P:191   Avg QP:32.28  size: 15534
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] frame B:521   Avg QP:35.40  size:  4840
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] consecutive B-frames:  2.9%  2.8%  2.1% 92.3%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb I  I16..4: 21.0% 56.5% 22.5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb P  I16..4:  1.9%  6.3%  1.0%  P16..4: 25.0%  4.5%  2.2%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:59.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] mb B  I16..4:  0.2%  0.7%  0.1%  B16..8: 24.4%  1.8%  0.2%  direct: 0.3%  skip:72.3%  L0:46.0% L1:50.7% BI: 3.3%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] 8x8 transform intra:64.9% inter:79.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 42.4% 26.9% 3.0% inter: 3.7% 0.9% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i16 v,h,dc,p: 25% 28% 12% 35%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 23% 18% 23%  5%  6%  6% 
 6%  6%  6%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 27% 21% 19%  5%  6%  6% 
 7%  5%  5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] i8c dc,h,v,p: 71% 13% 13%  4%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref P L0: 68.7% 17.8% 13.4%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref B L0: 88.4%  9.1%  2.5%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] ref B L1: 96.9%  3.1%
[libx264 @ 000001d6066fd380] kb/s:2167.24
[aac @ 000001d606184b40] Qavg: 346.828


  


  UPDATE : I am thinking that the way I am converting my files from .mov to .mp4 is the problem. Please suggest the best way to convert from iPhone 4k 60fps .mov files to nice 1080p 30fps .mp4 files. I know I could just use handbrake but I am trying to be a man here xD. Perhaps handbrake has a View ffmpeg code for conversion.

  


  UPDATE 2 : re-encoding the videos before concat with -c:v libx264 fixes the problem... which seems weird because that is how they were originally encoded...

  


  def join_broll(video_paths, desired_length, clip_length=None, output_path="quick_clips.mp4", preserve_inputs=True):
    subclips = []
    total_duration = 0

    temp_textfile = os.path.join(run_folder, "broll_subclips.txt")
    j = 0
    with open(temp_textfile, "w") as file:
        while True:
            for i, video_path in enumerate(video_paths):

                time_left = desired_length - total_duration
                video_duration = duration_of(video_path)
                subclip_path = f"subclip_{i+j}.mp4"

                if (not clip_length and video_duration < time_left) or (clip_length and clip_length < time_left):

                    if clip_length:

                        subclips.append(subclip_path)
                        subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-t", str(clip_length), "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
                        total_duration += clip_length
                        file.write(f"file '{os.path.join('..', subclip_path)}'\n")

                    else:
                    
                        subclips.append(subclip_path)
                        subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
                        total_duration += video_duration
                        file.write(f"file '{subclip_path}'\n")

                else:

                    subclips.append(subclip_path)
                    subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-i", video_path, "-t", str(time_left), "-c:v", "libx264", subclip_path]) # added "-c:v libx264"
                    total_duration += time_left
                    file.write(f"file '{os.path.join('..', subclip_path)}'\n")

                    break

            j += 1
            if desired_length - total_duration < 0.1:
                break
                

    subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-c", "copy", output_path])
    # subprocess.run(["ffmpeg", "-y", "-f", "concat", "-safe", "0", "-i", temp_textfile, "-r", "30", "-c:v", "libx264", "-c:a", "aac", output_path], check=True)
    return output_path


  


• Save video using opencv with H264 codec

  31 octobre 2023, par ldiaz997

  This is beyond me and I don't know what I'm doing wrong. I have read that in order to have my video in h265 codec, I need to build opencv from source. Well, I did that, and I also did it for ffmpeg Docker ffmpeg Compiler. But I'm trying to run my application using docker, and I still can't get over the error :

  


  [ERROR:0@93.327] global cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:3018 open Could not find encoder for codec_id=27, error: Encoder not found
[ERROR:0@93.327] global cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:3093 open VIDEOIO/FFMPEG: Failed to initialize VideoWriter


  


  Dockerfile :

  


  FROM python:3.10.12-slim-buster

RUN apt-get update

# Set the working directory in the container
WORKDIR /app

# Copy the application code into the container
COPY . .

# Set ffmpeg and ffprobe binary files
RUN mv ffmpeg /usr/local/bin
RUN mv ffprobe /usr/local/bin

# Build opencv from source, to be able to use h264 codec.
RUN apt-get install -y cmake \
    gcc \
    g++ \
    python3-numpy \
    libavcodec-dev \
    libavformat-dev \
    libswscale-dev \
    libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
    libgstreamer1.0-dev \
    libpng-dev \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libopenexr-dev \
    libtiff-dev \
    libwebp-dev \
    git

RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch 4.8.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git && \
    git clone --depth 1 --branch 4.8.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git && \
    cd opencv && \
    mkdir build && \
    cd build && \
    cmake -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/app/opencv_contrib/modules ../ && \
    make -j"$(nproc)" && \
    make install

# Remove opencv github project
RUN rm -r opencv

# Remove opencv_contrib github project
RUN rm -r opencv_contrib

# Prevents Python from writing pyc files to disc
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1

# Prevents Python from buffering stdout and stderr
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install python dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# Install netcat to know when rabbitmq is running
RUN apt-get install -y netcat

# Set execute permissions
RUN chmod +x entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x web_start.sh

ENTRYPOINT ["./entrypoint.sh"]


  


  I ran the command ./ffmpeg -i 57b3e3a7-ad22-469d-a7ff-cf76ba780664 -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac output.mp4 to test ffmpeg and this was the result.

  


  ffmpeg version N-112515-gba6a5e7a3d Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 5.4.0 (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.12) 20160609
  configuration: --prefix=/root/ffmpeg_build --pkg-config-flags=--static --extra-libs=-static --extra-cflags=--static --extra-cflags=-I/root/ffmpeg_build/include --extra-ldflags=-L/root/ffmpeg_build/lib --extra-libs='-lpthread -lm' --bindir=/root/bin --enable-gpl --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-nonfree
  libavutil      58. 27.100 / 58. 27.100
  libavcodec     60. 30.102 / 60. 30.102
  libavformat    60. 15.101 / 60. 15.101
  libavdevice    60.  2.101 / 60.  2.101
  libavfilter     9. 11.100 /  9. 11.100
  libswscale      7.  4.100 /  7.  4.100
  libswresample   4. 11.100 /  4. 11.100
  libpostproc    57.  2.100 / 57.  2.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '57b3e3a7-ad22-469d-a7ff-cf76ba780664':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt  
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: qt  
    creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
    com.apple.quicktime.make: Apple
    com.apple.quicktime.model: iPhone 13 Pro Max
    com.apple.quicktime.software: 16.6
    com.apple.quicktime.creationdate: 2023-10-30T11:34:32-0400
  Duration: 00:00:03.60, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 16264 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709, progressive), 1920x1080, 16120 kb/s, 29.99 fps, 29.97 tbr, 600 tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : H.264
    Side data:
      displaymatrix: rotation of -90.00 degrees
  Stream #0:1[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 89 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:2[0x3](und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 0 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
  Stream #0:3[0x4](und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 0 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
  Stream #0:4[0x5](und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 34 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 AVX2 LZCNT BMI2
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] profile High, level 4.0
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] 264 - core 148 r2643 5c65704 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2015 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=30 lookahead_threads=5 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt  
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: qt  
    com.apple.quicktime.creationdate: 2023-10-30T11:34:32-0400
    com.apple.quicktime.make: Apple
    com.apple.quicktime.model: iPhone 13 Pro Max
    com.apple.quicktime.software: 16.6
    encoder         : Lavf60.15.101
  Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709, progressive), 1080x1920, q=2-31, 29.97 fps, 30k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.30.102 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
      displaymatrix: rotation of -0.00 degrees
  Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 69 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-30T15:34:32.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.30.102 aac
[out#0/mp4 @ 0x5ae3440] video:2773kB audio:31kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.157082%
frame=  108 fps= 74 q=-1.0 Lsize=    2809kB time=00:00:03.59 bitrate=6393.3kbits/s speed=2.47x    
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] frame I:4     Avg QP:22.27  size: 48408
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] frame P:104   Avg QP:24.58  size: 25440
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] mb I  I16..4: 10.3% 82.9%  6.8%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] mb P  I16..4:  4.6% 18.1%  0.8%  P16..4: 40.3%  6.9%  4.1%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:25.3%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] 8x8 transform intra:78.0% inter:85.0%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 44.9% 29.1% 0.1% inter: 22.5% 23.3% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] i16 v,h,dc,p: 17% 49% 14% 19%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 19% 25% 37%  3%  3%  5%  3%  2%  4%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 29% 30% 17%  3%  4%  8%  3%  2%  3%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] i8c dc,h,v,p: 67% 20% 12%  0%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] Weighted P-Frames: Y:1.9% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] ref P L0: 61.8% 10.4% 18.3%  9.4%  0.2%
[libx264 @ 0x5ae4c00] kb/s:6303.40
[aac @ 0x68c9880] Qavg: 119.986


  


  The resulting video had an h264 codec. In my opinion, the problem is in opencv. Basically this is what I do in my python code :

  


  cap = cv2.VideoCapture(video)
shoot_frames = []
while True:
    ret, img = cap.read()
    if not ret:
       break
    if some_condition:
       shoot_frames.append(img)
    if len(shoot_frames) > 41:
       out1 = cv2.VideoWriter(upload_path(name , dir), cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'avc1'), int(fps), (int(width), int(height)), True)
       for shoot_frame in shoot_frames:
           out1.write(shoot_frame)
       out1.release()
       shoot_frames = []


  


  Output from print(cv2.getBuildInformation()) :

  


  General configuration for OpenCV 4.8.1 =====================================
  Version control:               4.8.1-dirty

  Platform:
    Timestamp:                   2023-09-27T14:20:56Z
    Host:                        Linux 5.15.0-1046-azure x86_64
    CMake:                       3.27.5
    CMake generator:             Unix Makefiles
    CMake build tool:            /bin/gmake
    Configuration:               Release

  CPU/HW features:
    Baseline:                    SSE SSE2 SSE3
      requested:                 SSE3
    Dispatched code generation:  SSE4_1 SSE4_2 FP16 AVX AVX2 AVX512_SKX
      requested:                 SSE4_1 SSE4_2 AVX FP16 AVX2 AVX512_SKX
      SSE4_1 (16 files):         + SSSE3 SSE4_1
      SSE4_2 (1 files):          + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2
      FP16 (0 files):            + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 AVX
      AVX (7 files):             + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 AVX
      AVX2 (35 files):           + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 FMA3 AVX AVX2
      AVX512_SKX (5 files):      + SSSE3 SSE4_1 POPCNT SSE4_2 FP16 FMA3 AVX AVX2 AVX_512F AVX512_COMMON AVX512_SKX

  C/C++:
    Built as dynamic libs?:      NO
    C++ standard:                11
    C++ Compiler:                /opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/c++  (ver 10.2.1)
    C++ flags (Release):         -Wl,-strip-all   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG
    C++ flags (Debug):           -Wl,-strip-all   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Wnon-virtual-dtor -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wsign-promo -Wuninitialized -Wsuggest-override -Wno-delete-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden -g  -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
    C Compiler:                  /opt/rh/devtoolset-10/root/usr/bin/cc
    C flags (Release):           -Wl,-strip-all   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -O3 -DNDEBUG  -DNDEBUG
    C flags (Debug):             -Wl,-strip-all   -fsigned-char -W -Wall -Wreturn-type -Waddress -Wsequence-point -Wformat -Wformat-security -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wundef -Winit-self -Wpointer-arith -Wshadow -Wuninitialized -Wno-comment -Wimplicit-fallthrough=3 -Wno-strict-overflow -fdiagnostics-show-option -Wno-long-long -pthread -fomit-frame-pointer -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections  -msse -msse2 -msse3 -fvisibility=hidden -g  -O0 -DDEBUG -D_DEBUG
    Linker flags (Release):      -Wl,--exclude-libs,libippicv.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libippiw.a -L/ffmpeg_build/lib  -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,--no-undefined  
    Linker flags (Debug):        -Wl,--exclude-libs,libippicv.a -Wl,--exclude-libs,libippiw.a -L/ffmpeg_build/lib  -Wl,--gc-sections -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,--no-undefined  
    ccache:                      YES
    Precompiled headers:         NO
    Extra dependencies:          /lib64/libopenblas.so Qt5::Core Qt5::Gui Qt5::Widgets Qt5::Test Qt5::Concurrent /usr/local/lib/libpng.so /lib64/libz.so dl m pthread rt
    3rdparty dependencies:       libprotobuf ade ittnotify libjpeg-turbo libwebp libtiff libopenjp2 IlmImf quirc ippiw ippicv

  OpenCV modules:
    To be built:                 calib3d core dnn features2d flann gapi highgui imgcodecs imgproc ml objdetect photo python3 stitching video videoio
    Disabled:                    world
    Disabled by dependency:      -
    Unavailable:                 java python2 ts
    Applications:                -
    Documentation:               NO
    Non-free algorithms:         NO

  GUI:                           QT5
    QT:                          YES (ver 5.15.0 )
      QT OpenGL support:         NO
    GTK+:                        NO
    VTK support:                 NO

  Media I/O: 
    ZLib:                        /lib64/libz.so (ver 1.2.7)
    JPEG:                        libjpeg-turbo (ver 2.1.3-62)
    WEBP:                        build (ver encoder: 0x020f)
    PNG:                         /usr/local/lib/libpng.so (ver 1.6.40)
    TIFF:                        build (ver 42 - 4.2.0)
    JPEG 2000:                   build (ver 2.5.0)
    OpenEXR:                     build (ver 2.3.0)
    HDR:                         YES
    SUNRASTER:                   YES
    PXM:                         YES
    PFM:                         YES

  Video I/O:
    DC1394:                      NO
    FFMPEG:                      YES
      avcodec:                   YES (59.37.100)
      avformat:                  YES (59.27.100)
      avutil:                    YES (57.28.100)
      swscale:                   YES (6.7.100)
      avresample:                NO
    GStreamer:                   NO
    v4l/v4l2:                    YES (linux/videodev2.h)

  Parallel framework:            pthreads

  Trace:                         YES (with Intel ITT)

  Other third-party libraries:
    Intel IPP:                   2021.8 [2021.8.0]
           at:                   /io/_skbuild/linux-x86_64-3.7/cmake-build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx/icv
    Intel IPP IW:                sources (2021.8.0)
              at:                /io/_skbuild/linux-x86_64-3.7/cmake-build/3rdparty/ippicv/ippicv_lnx/iw
    VA:                          NO
    Lapack:                      YES (/lib64/libopenblas.so)
    Eigen:                       NO
    Custom HAL:                  NO
    Protobuf:                    build (3.19.1)
    Flatbuffers:                 builtin/3rdparty (23.5.9)

  OpenCL:                        YES (no extra features)
    Include path:                /io/opencv/3rdparty/include/opencl/1.2
    Link libraries:              Dynamic load

  Python 3:
    Interpreter:                 /opt/python/cp37-cp37m/bin/python3.7 (ver 3.7.17)
    Libraries:                   libpython3.7m.a (ver 3.7.17)
    numpy:                       /home/ci/.local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include (ver 1.17.0)
    install path:                python/cv2/python-3

  Python (for build):            /opt/python/cp37-cp37m/bin/python3.7

  Java:                          
    ant:                         NO
    Java:                        NO
    JNI:                         NO
    Java wrappers:               NO
    Java tests:                  NO

  Install to:                    /io/_skbuild/linux-x86_64-3.7/cmake-install
-----------------------------------------------------------------




  


  Update

  


  I made my docker image more simpler, and therefore my question. Install ffmpeg from the repository :

  


  FROM python:3.10.12-slim-buster

RUN apt-get update

# Set the working directory in the container
WORKDIR /app

# Install ffmpeg for opencv
RUN apt-get install -y ffmpeg

# Copy the application code into the container
COPY . .

# Build opencv from source, to be able to use h264 codec.
RUN apt-get install -y cmake \
    gcc \
    g++ \
    python3-numpy \
    libavcodec-dev \
    libavformat-dev \
    libswscale-dev \
    libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
    libgstreamer1.0-dev \
    libpng-dev \
    libjpeg-dev \
    libopenexr-dev \
    libtiff-dev \
    libwebp-dev \
    git

RUN git clone --depth 1 --branch 4.8.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git && \
    git clone --depth 1 --branch 4.8.0 https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib.git && \
    cd opencv && \
    mkdir build && \
    cd build && \
    cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH=/app/opencv_contrib/modules -D OPENCV_ENABLE_NONFREE=ON ../ && \
    make -j"$(nproc)" && \
    make install

# Remove opencv github project
RUN rm -r opencv

# Remove opencv_contrib github project
RUN rm -r opencv_contrib

# Prevents Python from writing pyc files to disc
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE 1

# Prevents Python from buffering stdout and stderr
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1

# Install python dependencies
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt

# Install netcat to know when rabbitmq is running
RUN apt-get install -y netcat

# Set execute permissions
RUN chmod +x entrypoint.sh
RUN chmod +x web_start.sh

ENTRYPOINT ["./entrypoint.sh"]


  


  Run the following commands inside the docker container :

  


  $ ffmpeg -version

ffmpeg version 4.1.11-0+deb10u1 Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0+deb10u1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100


  


  $ ffmpeg -i cf91f302-c357-49ba-b59c-bcfb8b7f4866 -vcodec libx264 -f mp4 output.mp4

ffmpeg version 4.1.11-0+deb10u1 Copyright (c) 2000-2023 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (Debian 8.3.0-6)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0+deb10u1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
  libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
  libavformat    58. 20.100 / 58. 20.100
  libavdevice    58.  5.100 / 58.  5.100
  libavfilter     7. 40.101 /  7. 40.101
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libswresample   3.  3.100 /  3.  3.100
  libpostproc    55.  3.100 / 55.  3.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'cf91f302-c357-49ba-b59c-bcfb8b7f4866':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt  
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: qt  
    creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
    com.apple.quicktime.make: Apple
    com.apple.quicktime.model: iPhone 13 Pro Max
    com.apple.quicktime.software: 16.6
    com.apple.quicktime.creationdate: 2023-10-31T06:38:42-0400
  Duration: 00:00:04.23, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 15915 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 1920x1080, 15767 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 600 tbn, 1200 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      rotate          : 90
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
      encoder         : H.264
    Side data:
      displaymatrix: rotation of -90.00 degrees
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 89 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
    Stream #0:2(und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 0 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
    Stream #0:3(und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 0 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
    Stream #0:4(und): Data: none (mebx / 0x7862656D), 34 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Metadata
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] profile High, level 4.0
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'output.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : qt  
    minor_version   : 0
    compatible_brands: qt  
    com.apple.quicktime.creationdate: 2023-10-31T06:38:42-0400
    com.apple.quicktime.make: Apple
    com.apple.quicktime.model: iPhone 13 Pro Max
    com.apple.quicktime.software: 16.6
    encoder         : Lavf58.20.100
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1080x1920, q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 libx264
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Video
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
      displaymatrix: rotation of -0.00 degrees
    Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 69 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-10-31T10:38:42.000000Z
      handler_name    : Core Media Audio
      encoder         : Lavc58.35.100 aac
frame=  127 fps= 27 q=-1.0 Lsize=    2005kB time=00:00:04.24 bitrate=3866.2kbits/s speed=0.909x    
video:1964kB audio:36kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.282549%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] frame I:1     Avg QP:21.43  size: 36791
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] frame P:59    Avg QP:23.61  size: 22380
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] frame B:67    Avg QP:24.20  size:  9743
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] consecutive B-frames: 20.5% 22.0% 16.5% 40.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] mb I  I16..4: 29.4% 58.6% 11.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] mb P  I16..4: 15.0% 21.8%  1.3%  P16..4: 26.1%  7.5%  3.1%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:25.2%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] mb B  I16..4:  1.9%  1.7%  0.1%  B16..8: 36.3%  3.6%  0.5%  direct: 3.9%  skip:52.1%  L0:42.9% L1:52.1% BI: 5.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] 8x8 transform intra:56.2% inter:86.6%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 19.5% 27.3% 2.1% inter: 11.7% 18.9% 0.1%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] i16 v,h,dc,p: 25% 54%  8% 12%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 22% 25% 44%  1%  2%  2%  2%  1%  1%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 16% 45% 13%  2%  7%  6%  6%  3%  3%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] i8c dc,h,v,p: 62% 27% 10%  1%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] Weighted P-Frames: Y:3.4% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] ref P L0: 65.2% 18.0% 12.2%  4.6%  0.1%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] ref B L0: 89.1%  9.3%  1.6%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] ref B L1: 97.2%  2.8%
[libx264 @ 0x55db965ee980] kb/s:3798.37
[aac @ 0x55db965edf00] Qavg: 125.454


  


  The errors persist.

  


  >>> import cv2
>>> out = cv2.VideoWriter("./out.mp4", cv2.VideoWriter_fourcc(*'avc1'), 30, (800, 600), True)
[ERROR:0@91.872] global cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:3018 open Could not find encoder for codec_id=27, error: Encoder not found
[ERROR:0@91.872] global cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:3093 open VIDEOIO/FFMPEG: Failed to initialize VideoWriter


  


  Could someone please tell me what I'm doing wrong ?

  


• Top 5 Web Analytics Tools for Your Site

  11 août 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips

  At the start of July 2023, Universal Analytics (UA) users had to say goodbye to their preferred web analytics tool as Google discontinued it. While some find Google Analytics 4 (GA4) can do what they need, many GA4 users are starting to realise GA4 doesn’t meet all the needs UA once fulfilled. Consequently, they are actively seeking another web analytics tool to complement GA4 and address those unmet requirements effectively.

  In this article, we’ll break down five of the top web analytics tools on the market. You’ll find details about their core capabilities, pricing structures and some noteworthy pros and cons to help you decide which tool is the right fit for you. We’ve also included some key features a good web analytics tool should have to give you a baseline for comparison.

  Whether you’re a marketing manager focused on ROI of campaigns, a web analyst focused on conversions or simply interested in learning more about web analytics, there’s something for you on this list.

  What is a web analytics tool ?

  Web analytics tools collect and analyse information about your website’s visitors, their behaviour and the technical performance of your site. A web analytics tool compiles, measures and analyses website data to give you the information you need to improve site performance, boost conversions and increase your ROI.

  What makes a web analytics tool good ?

  Before we get into tool specifics, let’s go over some of the core features you can expect from a web analytics tool.

  For a web analytics tool to be worth your time (and money), it needs to cover the basics. For example :

  • Visitor reports : The number of visitors, whether they were unique or repeat visitors, the source of traffic (where they found your website), device information (if they’re using a desktop or mobile device) and demographic information like geographic location

  • Behaviour reports : What your visitors did while on your site, conversion rates (e.g., if they signed up for or purchased something), the pages they entered and exited from, average session duration, total time spent on a page and bounce rates (if they left without interacting with anything)

  • Technical information : Page loading speed and event tracking — where users are clicking, what they’re downloading or sharing from your site, if they’re engaging with the media on it and how far down the page they’re scrolling

  • Marketing campaign information : Breakdowns of ad campaigns by provider, showing if ads resulted in traffic to your site and lead to an eventual sale or conversion

  • Search Engine Optimisation (SEO) information : Which keywords on which pages are driving traffic to your site, and what search engines are they coming from

  • Real-time data tracking : Visitor, behaviour and technical information available in real-time, or close to it — allowing you to address to issues as they occur

  • Data visualisation : Charts and graphs illustrating the above information in an easily-readable format — helping identify opportunities and providing valuable insights you can leverage to improve site performance, conversion rates and the amount of time visitors spend on a page

  • Custom reporting : Create custom reports detailing the desired metrics and time frame you’re interested in

  • Security : User access controls and management tools to limit who can see and interact with user data

  • Resources : Official user guides, technical documentation, troubleshooting materials, customer support and community forums

  

  Pros and Cons of Google Analytics 4

  Despite many users’ dissatisfaction, GA4 isn’t going away anytime soon. It’s still a powerful tool with all the standard features you’d expect. It’s the most popular choice for web analytics for a few other reasons, too, including :

  • It’s free to use
  • It’s easy to set up
  • It has a convenient mobile app
  • It has a wealth of user documentation and technical resources online
  • Its machine-learning capabilities help predict user behaviour and offer insights on how to grow your site
  • It integrates easily with other Google tools, like Google Search Console, Google Ads and Google Cloud

  That said, it comes with some serious drawbacks. Many users accustomed to UA have reported being unhappy with the differences between it and GA4. Their reasons range from changes to the user interface and bounce rate calculations, as well as Google’s switch from pageview-focused metrics to event-based ones. 

  Let’s take a look at some of the other cons :

  • Lack of privacy, as Google uses data from Google Analytics for advertising purposes.
  • Cookie consent banners can frustrate visitors, and with 40-60% of web visitors rejecting consent, relying on them can lead to inaccurate data and an incomplete view of your web traffic and campaign outcomes.
  • Can’t import data from UA to GA4 
  • Missing features like heatmaps and session recording
  • Google Analytics 360, the GA for enterprises, costs $150,000/year

  Now that you know GA4’s strengths and weaknesses, it’s time to explore other tools that can help fill in GA4’s gaps.

  Top 5 web analytics tools (that aren’t Google)

  Below is a list of popular web analytics tools that, unless otherwise stated, have all the features a good tool should have.

  Adobe Analytics

  

  Adobe is a trusted name in software, with tools that have shaped the technological landscape for decades, like Photoshop and Illustrator. With web design and UX tools Dreamweaver and XD, it makes sense that they’d offer a web analytics platform as well.

  Adobe Analytics provides not just web analytics but marketing analytics that tell you about customer acquisition and retention, ROI and ad campaign performance metrics. Its machine learning (ML) and AI-powered analytics predict future customer behaviour based on previously collected data.

  Key features : 

  • Multichannel data collection that covers computers, mobile devices and IoT devices
  • Adobe Sensei (AI/ML) for marketing attribution and anomaly detection
  • Tag management through Adobe Experience Platform Launch simplifies the tag creation and maintenance process to help you track how users interact with your site

  Pros :

  • User-friendly and simple to learn with a drag-and-drop interface
  • When integrated with other Adobe software, it becomes a powerful solution for enterprises
  • Saves your team a lot of time with the recommendations and insights automatically generated by Adobe’s AI/ML

  Cons :

  • No free version
  • Adobe Sensei and tag manager limited to premium version
  • Expensive, especially when combined with the company’s other software
  • Steep learning curve for both setup and use

  Mobile app : Yes

  Integrations : Integrates with Adobe Experience Manager Sites, the company’s CMS. Adobe Target, a CRO tool and part of the Adobe Marketing Cloud subscription, integrates with Analytics.

  Pricing : Available upon request

  Matomo

  

  Matomo is the leading open-source web analytics solution designed to help you make more informed decisions and enhance your customer experience while ensuring GDPR compliance and user privacy. With Matomo Cloud, your data is stored in Europe, while Matomo On-Premise allows you to host your data on your own servers.

  Matomo is used on over 1 million websites, in over 190 countries, and in over 50 languages. Additionally, Matomo is an all-in-one solution, with traditional web analytics (visits, acquisition, etc.) alongside behavioural analytics (heatmaps, session recordings and more), plus a tag manager. No more inefficiently jumping back and forth between tabs in a huge tech stack. It’s all in Matomo, for one consistent, seamless and efficient experience. 

  Key features : 

  • Heatmaps and session recording to display what users are clicking on and how individual users interacted with your site 
  • A/B testing to compare different versions of the same content and see which gets better results
  • Robust API that lets you get insights by connecting your data to other platforms, like data visualisation or business intelligence tools

  Pros : 

  • Open-source, reviewed by experts to ensure that it’s secure
  • Offers On-Premise or Cloud-hosted options
  • Fully compliant with GDPR, so you can be data-driven without worrying. 
  • Option to run without cookies, meaning in most countries you can use Matomo without annoying cookie consent banners and while getting more accurate data
  • You retain complete ownership of your data, with no third parties using it for advertising or unspecified “own purposes”

  Cons : 

  • On-Premise is free, but that means an additional cost for advanced features (A/B testing, heatmaps, etc.) that are included by default on Matomo Cloud
  • Matomo On-Premise requires servers and technical expertise to setup and manage

  Mobile app : Matomo offers a free mobile app (iOS and Android) so you can access your analytics on the go. 

  Integrations : Matomo integrates easily with many other tools and platforms, including WordPress, Looker Studio, Magento, Jira, Drupal, Joomla and Cloudflare.

  Pricing : 

  • Varies based on monthly hits
  • Matomo On-Premise : free
  • Matomo Cloud : starting at €19/month

  Mixpanel

  

  Mixpanel’s features are heavily geared toward e-commerce companies. From the moment a visitor lands on your website to the moment they enter their payment details and complete a transaction, Mixpanel tracks these events.

  Similar to GA4, Mixpanel is an event-focused analytics platform. While you can still track pageviews with Mixpanel, its main focus is on the specific actions users take that lead them to purchases. Putting your attention on this information allows you to find out which events on your site are going through the sales funnel.

  They’re currently developing a Warehouse Events feature to simplify the process of importing data lakes and data warehouses.

  Key features :

  • Custom alerts and anomaly detection
  • Boards, which allow you to share multiple reports and insights with your team in a range of visual styles 
  • Detailed segmentation reporting that lets you break down your data to the individual user, specific event or geographic level

  Pros :

  • Boards allow for emojis, gifs, images and videos to make collaboration fun
  • Powerful mobile analytics for iOS and Android apps
  • Free promotional credits for eligible startups 

  Cons :

  • Limited features in free plan
  • Best features limited to the Enterprise-tier subscription
  • Complicated set up
  • Steep learning curve

  Mobile app : No

  Integrations : Mixpanel has a load of integrations, including Figma, Google Cloud, Slack, HappyFox, Snowflake, Microsoft Azure, Optimizely, Mailchimp and Tenjin. They also have a WordPress plugin.

  Pricing : 

  • Starter : free plan available
  • Growth : $20/month
  • Enterprise $833/month

  HubSpot Marketing

  

  HubSpot is a customer relationship management (CRM) platform with marketing, sales, customer service, content management system (CMS) and operations tools. This greater ecosystem of HubSpot software allows you to practically run your entire business in one place.

  Even though HubSpot Marketing isn’t a dedicated web analytics tool, it provides comparable standard metrics as the other tools on this list, albeit without the more advanced analytical metrics they offer. If you’re already using HubSpot to host your website, it’s definitely worth consideration.

  Key features :

  • Customer Journey Analytics presents the steps your customers went through in the sales process, step-by-step, in a visual way
  • Dashboards for your reports, including both fully customisable options for power users and pre-made templates for new users

  Pros :

  • Integration with other HubSpot tools, like HubSpot CRM’s free live chat widget 
  • User-friendly interface with many features being drag-and-drop, like the report dashboard
  • 24/7 customer support

  Cons :

  • Can get expensive with upgrades and other HubSpot tool add ons
  • Not a dedicated web analytics tool, so it’s missing some of the features other tools have, like heatmaps
  • Not really worth it as a standalone tool
  • Some users report customer support is unhelpful

  Mobile app : Yes

  Integrations : The larger HubSpot CRM platform can connect with nearly 1,500 other apps through the HubSpot App Marketplace. These include Slack, Microsoft Teams, Salesforce, Make, WordPress, SurveyMonkey, Shopify, monday.com, Stripe, WooCommerce and hundreds of others.

  Pricing : 

  • Starter : $20/month ($18/month with annual plan) 
  • Professional : $890/month ($800/month with annual plan) 
  • Enterprise : $3,600/month ($43,200 billed annually)

  Kissmetrics

  

  Kissmetrics is a web analytics tool that is marketed toward SaaS and ecommerce companies. They label themselves as “person-based” because they combine event-based tracking with detailed user profiles of the visitors to your site, which allows you to gain insights into customer behaviour. 

  With user profiles, you can drill down to see how many times someone has visited your site, if they’ve purchased from you and the steps they took before completing a sale. This allows you to cater more to these users and drive growth.

  Key features : 

  • Person Profiles that give granular information about individual users and their activities on your site
  • Campaigns, an engagement messenger application, allows you to set up email automations that are triggered by specific events
  • Detailed reporting tools 

  Pros : 

  • No third-party cookies
  • No data sampling
  • APIs for Ruby on Rails, JavaScript, Python and PHP

  Cons : 

  • Difficult installation
  • Strongest reporting features only available in the most expensive plan
  • Reports can be slow to generate
  • Requires custom JavaScript code to tack single-page applications
  • Doesn’t track demographic data, bounce rate, exits, session length or time on page

  Mobile app : No

  Integrations : Kissmetrics integrates with HubSpot, Appcues, Slack, Mailchimp, Shopify, WooCommerce, Recurly and a dozen others. There is also a Kissmetrics WordPress plugin.

  Pricing : 

  • Silver : $299/month (small businesses)
  • Gold : $499/month (medium) 
  • Platinum : custom pricing (enterprises)

  Conclusion

  In this article, you learned about popular tools for web analytics to better inform you of your options. Despite all of GA4’s shortcomings, by complementing it with another web analytics tool, teams can gain a more comprehensive understanding of their website traffic and enhance their overall analytics capabilities.

  If you want an option that delivers powerful insights while keeping privacy, security and compliance at the forefront, you should try Matomo. 

  Try Matomo alongside Google Analytics now to see how it compares.

  Start your 21-day free trial now – no credit card required.