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• CD-R Read Speed Experiments

  21 mai 2011, par Multimedia Mike — Science Projects, Sega Dreamcast

  I want to know how fast I can really read data from a CD-R. Pursuant to my previous musings on this subject, I was informed that it is inadequate to profile reading just any file from a CD-R since data might be read faster or slower depending on whether the data is closer to the inside or the outside of the disc.

  Conclusion / Executive Summary
  It is 100% true that reading data from the outside of a CD-R is faster than reading data from the inside. Read on if you care to know the details of how I arrived at this conclusion, and to find out just how much speed advantage there is to reading from the outside rather than the inside.

  Science Project Outline

  • Create some sample CD-Rs with various properties
  • Get a variety of optical drives
  • Write a custom program that profiles the read speed

  Creating The Test Media
  It’s my understanding that not all CD-Rs are created equal. Fortunately, I have 3 spindles of media handy : Some plain-looking Memorex discs, some rather flamboyant Maxell discs, and those 80mm TDK discs :

  
  
  

  My approach for burning is to create a single file to be burned into a standard ISO-9660 filesystem. The size of the file will be the advertised length of the CD-R minus 1 megabyte for overhead— so, 699 MB for the 120mm discs, 209 MB for the 80mm disc. The file will contain a repeating sequence of 0..0xFF bytes.

  Profiling
  I don’t want to leave this to the vagaries of any filesystem handling layer so I will conduct this experiment at the sector level. Profiling program outline :

  • Read the CD-ROM TOC and get the number of sectors that comprise the data track
  • Profile reading the first 20 MB of sectors
  • Profile reading 20 MB of sectors in the middle of the track
  • Profile reading the last 20 MB of sectors

  Unfortunately, I couldn’t figure out the raw sector reading on modern Linux incarnations (which is annoying since I remember it being pretty straightforward years ago). So I left it to the filesystem after all. New algorithm :

  • Open the single, large file on the CD-R and query the file length
  • Profile reading the first 20 MB of data, 512 kbytes at a time
  • Profile reading 20 MB of sectors in the middle of the track (starting from filesize / 2 - 10 MB), 512 kbytes at a time
  • Profile reading the last 20 MB of sectors (starting from filesize - 20MB), 512 kbytes at a time

  Empirical Data
  I tested the program in Linux using an LG Slim external multi-drive (seen at the top of the pile in this post) and one of my Sega Dreamcast units. I gathered the median value of 3 runs for each area (inner, middle, and outer). I also conducted a buffer flush in between Linux runs (as root : 'sync; echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches').

  LG Slim external multi-drive (reading from inner, middle, and outer areas in kbytes/sec) :

  • TDK-80mm : 721, 897, 1048
  • Memorex-120mm : 1601, 2805, 3623
  • Maxell-120mm : 1660, 2806, 3624

  So the 120mm discs can range from about 10.5X all the way up to a full 24X on this drive. For whatever reason, the 80mm disc fares a bit worse — even at the inner track — with a range of 4.8X - 7X.

  Sega Dreamcast (reading from inner, middle, and outer areas in kbytes/sec) :

  • TDK-80mm : 502, 632, 749
  • Memorex-120mm : 499, 889, 1143
  • Maxell-120mm : 500, 890, 1156

  It’s interesting that the 80mm disc performed comparably to the 120mm discs in the Dreamcast, in contrast to the LG Slim drive. Also, the results are consistent with my previous profiling experiments, which largely only touched the inner area. The read speeds range from 3.3X - 7.7X. The middle of a 120mm disc reads at about 6X.

  Implications
  A few thoughts regarding these results :

  • Since the very definition of 1X is the minimum speed necessary to stream data from an audio CD, then presumably, original 1X CD-ROM drives would have needed to be capable of reading 1X from the inner area. I wonder what the max read speed at the outer edges was ? It’s unlikely I would be able to get a 1X drive working easily in this day and age since the earliest CD-ROM drives required custom controllers.
  • I think 24X is the max rated read speed for CD-Rs, at least for this drive. This implies that the marketing literature only cites the best possible numbers. I guess this is no surprise, similar to how monitors and TVs have always been measured by their diagonal dimension.
  • Given this data, how do you engineer an ISO-9660 filesystem image so that the timing-sensitive multimedia files live on the outermost track ? In the Dreamcast case, if you can guarantee your FMV files will live somewhere between the middle and the end of the disc, you should be able to count on a bitrate of at least 900 kbytes/sec.

  Source Code
  Here is the program I wrote for profiling. Note that the filename is hardcoded (#define FILENAME). Compiling for Linux is a simple 'gcc -Wall profile-cdr.c -o profile-cdr'. Compiling for Dreamcast is performed in the standard KallistiOS manner (people skilled in the art already know what they need to know) ; the only variation is to compile with the '-D_arch_dreamcast' flag, which the default KOS environment adds anyway.

  PLAIN TEXT

  C :

  1. #ifdef _arch_dreamcast
  2.   #include <kos .h>
  3.  
  4.   /* map I/O functions to their KOS equivalents */
  5.   #define open fs_open
  6.   #define lseek fs_seek
  7.   #define read fs_read
  8.   #define close fs_close
  9.  
  10.   #define FILENAME "/cd/bigfile"
  11. #else
  12.   #include <stdio .h>
  13.   #include <sys /types.h>
  14.   #include </sys><sys /stat.h>
  15.   #include </sys><sys /time.h>
  16.   #include <fcntl .h>
  17.   #include <unistd .h>
  18.  
  19.   #define FILENAME "/media/Full disc/bigfile"
  20. #endif
  21.  
  22. /* Get a current absolute millisecond count ; it doesn’t have to be in
  23. * reference to anything special. */
  24. unsigned int get_current_milliseconds()
  25. {
  26. #ifdef _arch_dreamcast
  27.   return timer_ms_gettime64() ;
  28. #else
  29.   struct timeval tv ;
  30.   gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) ;
  31.   return tv.tv_sec * 1000 + tv.tv_usec / 1000 ;
  32. #endif
  33. }
  34.  
  35. #define READ_SIZE (20 * 1024 * 1024)
  36. #define READ_BUFFER_SIZE (512 * 1024)
  37.  
  38. int main()
  39. {
  40.   int i, j ;
  41.   int fd ;
  42.   char read_buffer[READ_BUFFER_SIZE] ;
  43.   off_t filesize ;
  44.   unsigned int start_time, end_time ;
  45.  
  46.   fd = open(FILENAME, O_RDONLY) ;
  47.   if (fd == -1)
  48.   {
  49.     printf("could not open %s\n", FILENAME) ;
  50.     return 1 ;
  51.   }
  52.   filesize = lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_END) ;
  53.  
  54.   for (i = 0 ; i <3 ; i++)
  55.   {
  56.     if (i == 0)
  57.     {
  58.       printf("reading inner 20 MB...\n") ;
  59.       lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET) ;
  60.     }
  61.     else if (i == 1)
  62.     {
  63.       printf("reading middle 20 MB...\n") ;
  64.       lseek(fd, (filesize / 2) - (READ_SIZE / 2), SEEK_SET) ;
  65.     }
  66.     else
  67.     {
  68.       printf("reading outer 20 MB...\n") ;
  69.       lseek(fd, filesize - READ_SIZE, SEEK_SET) ;
  70.     }
  71.     /* read 20 MB ; 40 chunks of 1/2 MB */
  72.     start_time = get_current_milliseconds() ;
  73.     for (j = 0 ; j <(READ_SIZE / READ_BUFFER_SIZE) ; j++)
  74.       if (read(fd, read_buffer, READ_BUFFER_SIZE) != READ_BUFFER_SIZE)
  75.       {
  76.         printf("read error\n") ;
  77.         break ;
  78.       }
  79.     end_time = get_current_milliseconds() ;
  80.     printf("%d - %d = %d ms => %d kbytes/sec\n",
  81.       end_time, start_time, end_time - start_time,
  82.       READ_SIZE / (end_time - start_time)) ;
  83.   }
  84.  
  85.   close(fd) ;
  86.  
  87.   return 0 ;
  88. }

• extract subtitle from video ffmpeg. subs.srt : Invalid argument

  3 juillet 2019, par evgeni fotia

      let filename_ext = file.path.split('/').pop()
  
      let filename = filename_ext.split('.').slice(0, filename_ext.split('.').length-1).join('.')
  
  
  
      var result = ffmpeg({
  
        MEMFS: [{name: filename_ext, data: buffer}],
  
        arguments: ["-i", filename_ext, "-map", "0:s:0", "subs.srt"],
  
        // Ignore stdin read requests
  
        stdin: function() {},
  
      });
  
      // Write out.webm to disk.
  
      var out = result.MEMFS[0];
  
      fs.outputFile(pathname + '/' + out.name, Buffer(out.data), 'binary');

  I get the following

      ffmpeg version n3.1.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2016 the FFmpeg developers
  
    built with emcc (Emscripten gcc/clang-like replacement) 1.36.7 ()
  
    configuration: --cc=emcc --enable-cross-compile --target-os=none --arch=x86 --disable-runtime-cpudetect --disable-asm --disable-fast-unaligned --disable-pthreads --disable-w32threads --disable-os2threads --disable-debug --disable-stripping --disable-all --enable-ffmpeg --enable-avcodec --enable-avformat --enable-avutil --enable-swresample --enable-swscale --enable-avfilter --disable-network --disable-d3d11va --disable-dxva2 --disable-vaapi --disable-vda --disable-vdpau --enable-decoder=vp8 --enable-decoder=vp9 --enable-decoder=theora --enable-decoder=mpeg2video --enable-decoder=mpeg4 --enable-decoder=h264 --enable-decoder=hevc --enable-decoder=png --enable-decoder=mjpeg --enable-decoder=vorbis --enable-decoder=opus --enable-decoder=mp3 --enable-decoder=ac3 --enable-decoder=aac --enable-decoder=ass --enable-decoder=ssa --enable-decoder=srt --enable-decoder=webvtt --enable-demuxer=matroska --enable-demuxer=ogg --enable-demuxer=avi --enable-demuxer=mov --enable-demuxer=flv --enable-demuxer=mpegps --enable-demuxer=image2 --enable-demuxer=mp3 --enable-demuxer=concat --enable-protocol=file --enable-filter=aresample --enable-filter=scale --enable-filter=crop --enable-filter=overlay --disable-bzlib --disable-iconv --disable-libxcb --disable-lzma --disable-sdl --disable-securetransport --disable-xlib --disable-zlib --enable-encoder=libvpx_vp8 --enable-encoder=libopus --enable-encoder=mjpeg --enable-muxer=webm --enable-muxer=ogg --enable-muxer=null --enable-muxer=image2 --enable-filter=subtitles --enable-libass --enable-libopus --enable-libvpx --extra-cflags=-I../libvpx/dist/include --extra-ldflags=-L../libvpx/dist/lib
  
    libavutil      55. 28.100 / 55. 28.100
  
    libavcodec     57. 48.101 / 57. 48.101
  
    libavformat    57. 41.100 / 57. 41.100
  
    libavfilter     6. 47.100 /  6. 47.100
  
    libswscale      4.  1.100 /  4.  1.100
  
    libswresample   2.  1.100 /  2.  1.100
  
  [h264 @ 0x7d7510] Warning: not compiled with thread support, using thread emulation
  
  [aac @ 0x7d81c0] Warning: not compiled with thread support, using thread emulation
  
  [ssa @ 0x7d8e30] Warning: not compiled with thread support, using thread emulation
  
  Input #0, matroska,webm, from 'censored filename.mkv':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : no_variable_data
  
      creation_time   : 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
    Duration: 00:23:40.13, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 2789 kb/s
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbr, 1k tbn, 47.95 tbc (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        BPS             : 2658044
  
        BPS-eng         : 2658044
  
        DURATION        : 00:23:40.045000000
  
        DURATION-eng    : 00:23:40.045000000
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES: 34047
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES-eng: 34047
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES : 471817808
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES-eng: 471817808
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP-eng: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC-eng: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS-eng: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
      Stream #0:1(jpn): Audio: aac (LC), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        BPS             : 128000
  
        BPS-eng         : 128000
  
        DURATION        : 00:23:40.109000000
  
        DURATION-eng    : 00:23:40.109000000
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES: 61159
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES-eng: 61159
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES : 22721748
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES-eng: 22721748
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP-eng: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC-eng: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS-eng: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
      Stream #0:2(eng): Subtitle: ass (default)
  
      Metadata:
  
        BPS             : 110
  
        BPS-eng         : 110
  
        DURATION        : 00:23:25.280000000
  
        DURATION-eng    : 00:23:25.280000000
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES: 298
  
        NUMBER_OF_FRAMES-eng: 298
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES : 19407
  
        NUMBER_OF_BYTES-eng: 19407
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_APP-eng: no_variable_data
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_WRITING_DATE_UTC-eng: 1970-01-01 00:00:00
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
        _STATISTICS_TAGS-eng: BPS DURATION NUMBER_OF_FRAMES NUMBER_OF_BYTES
  
      Stream #0:3: Attachment: ttf
  
      Metadata:
  
        filename        : OpenSans-Semibold.ttf
  
        mimetype        : application/x-truetype-font
  
  [NULL @ 0x9eac90] Unable to find a suitable output format for 'subs.srt'
  
  subs.srt: Invalid argument

  the file is a mkv video file

  Other info

  Codecs:
  
   D..... = Decoding supported
  
   .E.... = Encoding supported
  
   ..V... = Video codec
  
   ..A... = Audio codec
  
   ..S... = Subtitle codec
  
   ...I.. = Intra frame-only codec
  
   ....L. = Lossy compression
  
   .....S = Lossless compression
  
   -------
  
   ..VI.. 012v                 Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  
   ..V.L. 4xm                  4X Movie
  
   ..VI.S 8bps                 QuickTime 8BPS video
  
   ..VIL. a64_multi            Multicolor charset for Commodore 64
  
   ..VIL. a64_multi5           Multicolor charset for Commodore 64, extended with 5th color (colram)
  
   ..V..S aasc                 Autodesk RLE
  
   ..VIL. aic                  Apple Intermediate Codec
  
   ..VI.S alias_pix            Alias/Wavefront PIX image
  
   ..VIL. amv                  AMV Video
  
   ..V.L. anm                  Deluxe Paint Animation
  
   ..V.L. ansi                 ASCII/ANSI art
  
   ..V..S apng                 APNG (Animated Portable Network Graphics) image
  
   ..VIL. asv1                 ASUS V1
  
   ..VIL. asv2                 ASUS V2
  
   ..VIL. aura                 Auravision AURA
  
   ..VIL. aura2                Auravision Aura 2
  
   ..V... avrn                 Avid AVI Codec
  
   ..VI.. avrp                 Avid 1:1 10-bit RGB Packer
  
   ..V.L. avs                  AVS (Audio Video Standard) video
  
   ..VI.. avui                 Avid Meridien Uncompressed
  
   ..VI.. ayuv                 Uncompressed packed MS 4:4:4:4
  
   ..V.L. bethsoftvid          Bethesda VID video
  
   ..V.L. bfi                  Brute Force & Ignorance
  
   ..V.L. binkvideo            Bink video
  
   ..VI.. bintext              Binary text
  
   ..VI.S bmp                  BMP (Windows and OS/2 bitmap)
  
   ..V..S bmv_video            Discworld II BMV video
  
   ..VI.S brender_pix          BRender PIX image
  
   ..V.L. c93                  Interplay C93
  
   ..V.L. cavs                 Chinese AVS (Audio Video Standard) (AVS1-P2, JiZhun profile)
  
   ..V.L. cdgraphics           CD Graphics video
  
   ..VIL. cdxl                 Commodore CDXL video
  
   ..V.L. cfhd                 Cineform HD
  
   ..V.L. cinepak              Cinepak
  
   ..VIL. cljr                 Cirrus Logic AccuPak
  
   ..VI.S cllc                 Canopus Lossless Codec
  
   ..V.L. cmv                  Electronic Arts CMV video
  
   ..V... cpia                 CPiA video format
  
   ..V..S cscd                 CamStudio
  
   ..VIL. cyuv                 Creative YUV (CYUV)
  
   ..V.LS daala                Daala
  
   ..VILS dds                  DirectDraw Surface image decoder
  
   ..V.L. dfa                  Chronomaster DFA
  
   ..V.LS dirac                Dirac
  
   ..VIL. dnxhd                VC3/DNxHD
  
   ..VI.S dpx                  DPX (Digital Picture Exchange) image
  
   ..V.L. dsicinvideo          Delphine Software International CIN video
  
   ..VIL. dvvideo              DV (Digital Video)
  
   ..V..S dxa                  Feeble Files/ScummVM DXA
  
   ..VI.S dxtory               Dxtory
  
   ..VIL. dxv                  Resolume DXV
  
   ..V.L. escape124            Escape 124
  
   ..V.L. escape130            Escape 130
  
   ..VILS exr                  OpenEXR image
  
   ..V..S ffv1                 FFmpeg video codec #1
  
   ..VI.S ffvhuff              Huffyuv FFmpeg variant
  
   ..V.L. fic                  Mirillis FIC
  
   ..V..S flashsv              Flash Screen Video v1
  
   ..V.L. flashsv2             Flash Screen Video v2
  
   ..V..S flic                 Autodesk Animator Flic video
  
   ..V.L. flv1                 FLV / Sorenson Spark / Sorenson H.263 (Flash Video)
  
   ..V..S fraps                Fraps
  
   ..VI.S frwu                 Forward Uncompressed
  
   ..V.L. g2m                  Go2Meeting
  
   ..V..S gif                  GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
  
   ..V.L. h261                 H.261
  
   D.V.L. h263                 H.263 / H.263-1996, H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2
  
   ..V.L. h263i                Intel H.263
  
   ..V.L. h263p                H.263+ / H.263-1998 / H.263 version 2
  
   D.V.LS h264                 H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10
  
   ..VIL. hap                  Vidvox Hap decoder
  
   D.V.L. hevc                 H.265 / HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding)
  
   ..V.L. hnm4video            HNM 4 video
  
   ..VIL. hq_hqa               Canopus HQ/HQA
  
   ..VIL. hqx                  Canopus HQX
  
   ..VI.S huffyuv              HuffYUV
  
   ..V.L. idcin                id Quake II CIN video
  
   ..VI.. idf                  iCEDraw text
  
   ..V.L. iff_ilbm             IFF ACBM/ANIM/DEEP/ILBM/PBM/RGB8/RGBN
  
   ..V.L. indeo2               Intel Indeo 2
  
   ..V.L. indeo3               Intel Indeo 3
  
   ..V.L. indeo4               Intel Indeo Video Interactive 4
  
   ..V.L. indeo5               Intel Indeo Video Interactive 5
  
   ..V.L. interplayvideo       Interplay MVE video
  
   ..VILS jpeg2000             JPEG 2000
  
   ..VILS jpegls               JPEG-LS
  
   ..VIL. jv                   Bitmap Brothers JV video
  
   ..V.L. kgv1                 Kega Game Video
  
   ..V.L. kmvc                 Karl Morton's video codec
  
   ..VI.S lagarith             Lagarith lossless
  
   ..VI.S ljpeg                Lossless JPEG
  
   ..VI.S loco                 LOCO
  
   ..VI.S m101                 Matrox Uncompressed SD
  
   ..V.L. mad                  Electronic Arts Madcow Video
  
   ..VI.S magicyuv             MagicYUV Lossless Video
  
   ..VIL. mdec                 Sony PlayStation MDEC (Motion DECoder)
  
   ..V.L. mimic                Mimic
  
   DEVIL. mjpeg                Motion JPEG
  
   ..VIL. mjpegb               Apple MJPEG-B
  
   ..V.L. mmvideo              American Laser Games MM Video
  
   ..V.L. motionpixels         Motion Pixels video
  
   ..V.L. mpeg1video           MPEG-1 video
  
   D.V.L. mpeg2video           MPEG-2 video
  
   D.V.L. mpeg4                MPEG-4 part 2
  
   ..V.L. mpegvideo_xvmc       MPEG-1/2 video XvMC (X-Video Motion Compensation)
  
   ..V.L. msa1                 MS ATC Screen
  
   ..V.L. msmpeg4v1            MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 1
  
   ..V.L. msmpeg4v2            MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 2
  
   ..V.L. msmpeg4v3            MPEG-4 part 2 Microsoft variant version 3
  
   ..V..S msrle                Microsoft RLE
  
   ..V.L. mss1                 MS Screen 1
  
   ..VIL. mss2                 MS Windows Media Video V9 Screen
  
   ..V.L. msvideo1             Microsoft Video 1
  
   ..VI.S mszh                 LCL (LossLess Codec Library) MSZH
  
   ..V.L. mts2                 MS Expression Encoder Screen
  
   ..VIL. mvc1                 Silicon Graphics Motion Video Compressor 1
  
   ..VIL. mvc2                 Silicon Graphics Motion Video Compressor 2
  
   ..V.L. mxpeg                Mobotix MxPEG video
  
   ..V.L. nuv                  NuppelVideo/RTJPEG
  
   ..V.L. paf_video            Amazing Studio Packed Animation File Video
  
   ..VI.S pam                  PAM (Portable AnyMap) image
  
   ..VI.S pbm                  PBM (Portable BitMap) image
  
   ..VI.S pcx                  PC Paintbrush PCX image
  
   ..VI.S pgm                  PGM (Portable GrayMap) image
  
   ..VI.S pgmyuv               PGMYUV (Portable GrayMap YUV) image
  
   ..VIL. pictor               Pictor/PC Paint
  
   ..V..S png                  PNG (Portable Network Graphics) image
  
   ..VI.S ppm                  PPM (Portable PixelMap) image
  
   ..VIL. prores               Apple ProRes (iCodec Pro)
  
   ..VIL. ptx                  V.Flash PTX image
  
   ..VI.S qdraw                Apple QuickDraw
  
   ..V.L. qpeg                 Q-team QPEG
  
   ..V..S qtrle                QuickTime Animation (RLE) video
  
   ..VI.S r10k                 AJA Kona 10-bit RGB Codec
  
   ..VI.S r210                 Uncompressed RGB 10-bit
  
   ..VI.S rawvideo             raw video
  
   ..VIL. rl2                  RL2 video
  
   ..V.L. roq                  id RoQ video
  
   ..V.L. rpza                 QuickTime video (RPZA)
  
   ..V..S rscc                 innoHeim/Rsupport Screen Capture Codec
  
   ..V.L. rv10                 RealVideo 1.0
  
   ..V.L. rv20                 RealVideo 2.0
  
   ..V.L. rv30                 RealVideo 3.0
  
   ..V.L. rv40                 RealVideo 4.0
  
   ..V.L. sanm                 LucasArts SANM/SMUSH video
  
   ..V..S screenpresso         Screenpresso
  
   ..VI.S sgi                  SGI image
  
   ..VI.S sgirle               SGI RLE 8-bit
  
   ..VI.S sheervideo           BitJazz SheerVideo
  
   ..V.L. smackvideo           Smacker video
  
   ..V.L. smc                  QuickTime Graphics (SMC)
  
   ..V... smvjpeg              Sigmatel Motion Video
  
   ..V.LS snow                 Snow
  
   ..VIL. sp5x                 Sunplus JPEG (SP5X)
  
   ..VI.S sunrast              Sun Rasterfile image
  
   ..V.L. svq1                 Sorenson Vector Quantizer 1 / Sorenson Video 1 / SVQ1
  
   ..V.L. svq3                 Sorenson Vector Quantizer 3 / Sorenson Video 3 / SVQ3
  
   ..VI.S targa                Truevision Targa image
  
   ..VI.. targa_y216           Pinnacle TARGA CineWave YUV16
  
   ..V.L. tdsc                 TDSC
  
   ..V.L. tgq                  Electronic Arts TGQ video
  
   ..V.L. tgv                  Electronic Arts TGV video
  
   D.V.L. theora               Theora
  
   ..VIL. thp                  Nintendo Gamecube THP video
  
   ..V.L. tiertexseqvideo      Tiertex Limited SEQ video
  
   ..VI.S tiff                 TIFF image
  
   ..VIL. tmv                  8088flex TMV
  
   ..V.L. tqi                  Electronic Arts TQI video
  
   ..V.L. truemotion1          Duck TrueMotion 1.0
  
   ..V.L. truemotion2          Duck TrueMotion 2.0
  
   ..V.L. truemotion2rt        Duck TrueMotion 2.0 Real Time
  
   ..V..S tscc                 TechSmith Screen Capture Codec
  
   ..V.L. tscc2                TechSmith Screen Codec 2
  
   ..VIL. txd                  Renderware TXD (TeXture Dictionary) image
  
   ..V.L. ulti                 IBM UltiMotion
  
   ..VI.S utvideo              Ut Video
  
   ..VI.S v210                 Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  
   ..VI.S v210x                Uncompressed 4:2:2 10-bit
  
   ..VI.. v308                 Uncompressed packed 4:4:4
  
   ..VI.. v408                 Uncompressed packed QT 4:4:4:4
  
   ..VI.S v410                 Uncompressed 4:4:4 10-bit
  
   ..V.L. vb                   Beam Software VB
  
   ..VI.S vble                 VBLE Lossless Codec
  
   ..V.L. vc1                  SMPTE VC-1
  
   ..V.L. vc1image             Windows Media Video 9 Image v2
  
   ..VIL. vcr1                 ATI VCR1
  
   ..VIL. vixl                 Miro VideoXL
  
   ..V.L. vmdvideo             Sierra VMD video
  
   ..V..S vmnc                 VMware Screen Codec / VMware Video
  
   D.V.L. vp3                  On2 VP3
  
   ..V.L. vp5                  On2 VP5
  
   ..V.L. vp6                  On2 VP6
  
   ..V.L. vp6a                 On2 VP6 (Flash version, with alpha channel)
  
   ..V.L. vp6f                 On2 VP6 (Flash version)
  
   ..V.L. vp7                  On2 VP7
  
   DEV.L. vp8                  On2 VP8 (encoders: libvpx )
  
   D.V.L. vp9                  Google VP9
  
   ..VILS webp                 WebP
  
   ..V.L. wmv1                 Windows Media Video 7
  
   ..V.L. wmv2                 Windows Media Video 8
  
   ..V.L. wmv3                 Windows Media Video 9
  
   ..V.L. wmv3image            Windows Media Video 9 Image
  
   ..VIL. wnv1                 Winnov WNV1
  
   ..V..S wrapped_avframe      AVFrame to AVPacket passthrough
  
   ..V.L. ws_vqa               Westwood Studios VQA (Vector Quantized Animation) video
  
   ..V.L. xan_wc3              Wing Commander III / Xan
  
   ..V.L. xan_wc4              Wing Commander IV / Xxan
  
   ..VI.. xbin                 eXtended BINary text
  
   ..VI.S xbm                  XBM (X BitMap) image
  
   ..VIL. xface                X-face image
  
   ..VI.S xwd                  XWD (X Window Dump) image
  
   ..VI.. y41p                 Uncompressed YUV 4:1:1 12-bit
  
   ..VI.S ylc                  YUY2 Lossless Codec
  
   ..V.L. yop                  Psygnosis YOP Video
  
   ..VI.. yuv4                 Uncompressed packed 4:2:0
  
   ..V..S zerocodec            ZeroCodec Lossless Video
  
   ..VI.S zlib                 LCL (LossLess Codec Library) ZLIB
  
   ..V..S zmbv                 Zip Motion Blocks Video
  
   ..A.L. 4gv                  4GV (Fourth Generation Vocoder)
  
   ..A.L. 8svx_exp             8SVX exponential
  
   ..A.L. 8svx_fib             8SVX fibonacci
  
   D.A.L. aac                  AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
  
   ..A.L. aac_latm             AAC LATM (Advanced Audio Coding LATM syntax)
  
   D.A.L. ac3                  ATSC A/52A (AC-3)
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_4xm            ADPCM 4X Movie
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_adx            SEGA CRI ADX ADPCM
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_afc            ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube AFC
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_aica           ADPCM Yamaha AICA
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ct             ADPCM Creative Technology
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_dtk            ADPCM Nintendo Gamecube DTK
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea             ADPCM Electronic Arts
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea_maxis_xa    ADPCM Electronic Arts Maxis CDROM XA
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea_r1          ADPCM Electronic Arts R1
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea_r2          ADPCM Electronic Arts R2
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea_r3          ADPCM Electronic Arts R3
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ea_xas         ADPCM Electronic Arts XAS
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_g722           G.722 ADPCM
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_g726           G.726 ADPCM
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_g726le         G.726 ADPCM little-endian
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_amv        ADPCM IMA AMV
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_apc        ADPCM IMA CRYO APC
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_dat4       ADPCM IMA Eurocom DAT4
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_dk3        ADPCM IMA Duck DK3
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_dk4        ADPCM IMA Duck DK4
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_ea_eacs    ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts EACS
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_ea_sead    ADPCM IMA Electronic Arts SEAD
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_iss        ADPCM IMA Funcom ISS
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_oki        ADPCM IMA Dialogic OKI
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_qt         ADPCM IMA QuickTime
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_rad        ADPCM IMA Radical
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_smjpeg     ADPCM IMA Loki SDL MJPEG
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_wav        ADPCM IMA WAV
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ima_ws         ADPCM IMA Westwood
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_ms             ADPCM Microsoft
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_mtaf           ADPCM MTAF
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_psx            ADPCM Playstation
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_sbpro_2        ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2-bit
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_sbpro_3        ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 2.6-bit
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_sbpro_4        ADPCM Sound Blaster Pro 4-bit
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_swf            ADPCM Shockwave Flash
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_thp            ADPCM Nintendo THP
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_thp_le         ADPCM Nintendo THP (Little-Endian)
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_vima           LucasArts VIMA audio
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_xa             ADPCM CDROM XA
  
   ..A.L. adpcm_yamaha         ADPCM Yamaha
  
   ..A..S alac                 ALAC (Apple Lossless Audio Codec)
  
   ..A.L. amr_nb               AMR-NB (Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand)
  
   ..A.L. amr_wb               AMR-WB (Adaptive Multi-Rate WideBand)
  
   ..A..S ape                  Monkey's Audio
  
   ..A.L. atrac1               ATRAC1 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding)
  
   ..A.L. atrac3               ATRAC3 (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3)
  
   ..A.L. atrac3p              ATRAC3+ (Adaptive TRansform Acoustic Coding 3+)
  
   ..A.L. avc                  On2 Audio for Video Codec
  
   ..A.L. binkaudio_dct        Bink Audio (DCT)
  
   ..A.L. binkaudio_rdft       Bink Audio (RDFT)
  
   ..A.L. bmv_audio            Discworld II BMV audio
  
   ..A.L. celt                 Constrained Energy Lapped Transform (CELT)
  
   ..A.L. comfortnoise         RFC 3389 Comfort Noise
  
   ..A.L. cook                 Cook / Cooker / Gecko (RealAudio G2)
  
   ..A.L. dsd_lsbf             DSD (Direct Stream Digital), least significant bit first
  
   ..A.L. dsd_lsbf_planar      DSD (Direct Stream Digital), least significant bit first, planar
  
   ..A.L. dsd_msbf             DSD (Direct Stream Digital), most significant bit first
  
   ..A.L. dsd_msbf_planar      DSD (Direct Stream Digital), most significant bit first, planar
  
   ..A.L. dsicinaudio          Delphine Software International CIN audio
  
   ..A.L. dss_sp               Digital Speech Standard - Standard Play mode (DSS SP)
  
   ..A..S dst                  DST (Direct Stream Transfer)
  
   ..A.LS dts                  DCA (DTS Coherent Acoustics)
  
   ..A.L. dvaudio              DV audio
  
   ..A.L. eac3                 ATSC A/52B (AC-3, E-AC-3)
  
   ..A.L. evrc                 EVRC (Enhanced Variable Rate Codec)
  
   ..A..S flac                 FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
  
   ..A.L. g723_1               G.723.1
  
   ..A.L. g729                 G.729
  
   ..A.L. gsm                  GSM
  
   ..A.L. gsm_ms               GSM Microsoft variant
  
   ..A.L. iac                  IAC (Indeo Audio Coder)
  
   ..A.L. ilbc                 iLBC (Internet Low Bitrate Codec)
  
   ..A.L. imc                  IMC (Intel Music Coder)
  
   ..A.L. interplay_dpcm       DPCM Interplay
  
   ..A.L. interplayacm         Interplay ACM
  
   ..A.L. mace3                MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 3:1
  
   ..A.L. mace6                MACE (Macintosh Audio Compression/Expansion) 6:1
  
   ..A.L. metasound            Voxware MetaSound
  
   ..A..S mlp                  MLP (Meridian Lossless Packing)
  
   ..A.L. mp1                  MP1 (MPEG audio layer 1)
  
   ..A.L. mp2                  MP2 (MPEG audio layer 2)
  
   D.A.L. mp3                  MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   ..A.L. mp3adu               ADU (Application Data Unit) MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
  
   ..A.L. mp3on4               MP3onMP4
  
   ..A..S mp4als               MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS)
  
   ..A.L. musepack7            Musepack SV7
  
   ..A.L. musepack8            Musepack SV8
  
   ..A.L. nellymoser           Nellymoser Asao
  
   DEA.L. opus                 Opus (Opus Interactive Audio Codec) (encoders: libopus )
  
   ..A.L. paf_audio            Amazing Studio Packed Animation File Audio
  
   ..A.L. pcm_alaw             PCM A-law / G.711 A-law
  
   ..A..S pcm_bluray           PCM signed 16|20|24-bit big-endian for Blu-ray media
  
   ..A..S pcm_dvd              PCM signed 20|24-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_f32be            PCM 32-bit floating point big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_f32le            PCM 32-bit floating point little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_f64be            PCM 64-bit floating point big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_f64le            PCM 64-bit floating point little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_lxf              PCM signed 20-bit little-endian planar
  
   ..A.L. pcm_mulaw            PCM mu-law / G.711 mu-law
  
   ..A..S pcm_s16be            PCM signed 16-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s16be_planar     PCM signed 16-bit big-endian planar
  
   ..A..S pcm_s16le            PCM signed 16-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s16le_planar     PCM signed 16-bit little-endian planar
  
   ..A..S pcm_s24be            PCM signed 24-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s24daud          PCM D-Cinema audio signed 24-bit
  
   ..A..S pcm_s24le            PCM signed 24-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s24le_planar     PCM signed 24-bit little-endian planar
  
   ..A..S pcm_s32be            PCM signed 32-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s32le            PCM signed 32-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_s32le_planar     PCM signed 32-bit little-endian planar
  
   ..A..S pcm_s8               PCM signed 8-bit
  
   ..A..S pcm_s8_planar        PCM signed 8-bit planar
  
   ..A..S pcm_u16be            PCM unsigned 16-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u16le            PCM unsigned 16-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u24be            PCM unsigned 24-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u24le            PCM unsigned 24-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u32be            PCM unsigned 32-bit big-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u32le            PCM unsigned 32-bit little-endian
  
   ..A..S pcm_u8               PCM unsigned 8-bit
  
   ..A.L. pcm_zork             PCM Zork
  
   ..A.L. qcelp                QCELP / PureVoice
  
   ..A.L. qdm2                 QDesign Music Codec 2
  
   ..A.L. qdmc                 QDesign Music
  
   ..A.L. ra_144               RealAudio 1.0 (14.4K)
  
   ..A.L. ra_288               RealAudio 2.0 (28.8K)
  
   ..A..S ralf                 RealAudio Lossless
  
   ..A.L. roq_dpcm             DPCM id RoQ
  
   ..A..S s302m                SMPTE 302M
  
   ..A.L. sdx2_dpcm            DPCM Squareroot-Delta-Exact
  
   ..A..S shorten              Shorten
  
   ..A.L. sipr                 RealAudio SIPR / ACELP.NET
  
   ..A.L. smackaudio           Smacker audio
  
   ..A.L. smv                  SMV (Selectable Mode Vocoder)
  
   ..A.L. sol_dpcm             DPCM Sol
  
   ..A... sonic                Sonic
  
   ..A... sonicls              Sonic lossless
  
   ..A.L. speex                Speex
  
   ..A..S tak                  TAK (Tom's lossless Audio Kompressor)
  
   ..A..S truehd               TrueHD
  
   ..A.L. truespeech           DSP Group TrueSpeech
  
   ..A..S tta                  TTA (True Audio)
  
   ..A.L. twinvq               VQF TwinVQ
  
   ..A.L. vmdaudio             Sierra VMD audio
  
   D.A.L. vorbis               Vorbis
  
   ..A.L. voxware              Voxware RT29 Metasound
  
   ..A... wavesynth            Wave synthesis pseudo-codec
  
   ..A.LS wavpack              WavPack
  
   ..A.L. westwood_snd1        Westwood Audio (SND1)
  
   ..A..S wmalossless          Windows Media Audio Lossless
  
   ..A.L. wmapro               Windows Media Audio 9 Professional
  
   ..A.L. wmav1                Windows Media Audio 1
  
   ..A.L. wmav2                Windows Media Audio 2
  
   ..A.L. wmavoice             Windows Media Audio Voice
  
   ..A.L. xan_dpcm             DPCM Xan
  
   ..A.L. xma1                 Xbox Media Audio 1
  
   ..A.L. xma2                 Xbox Media Audio 2
  
   ..D... bin_data             binary data
  
   ..D... dvd_nav_packet       DVD Nav packet
  
   ..D... klv                  SMPTE 336M Key-Length-Value (KLV) metadata
  
   ..D... otf                  OpenType font
  
   ..D... timed_id3            timed ID3 metadata
  
   ..D... ttf                  TrueType font
  
   D.S... ass                  ASS (Advanced SSA) subtitle (decoders: ssa ass )
  
   ..S... dvb_subtitle         DVB subtitles
  
   ..S... dvb_teletext         DVB teletext
  
   ..S... dvd_subtitle         DVD subtitles
  
   ..S... eia_608              EIA-608 closed captions
  
   ..S... hdmv_pgs_subtitle    HDMV Presentation Graphic Stream subtitles
  
   ..S... hdmv_text_subtitle   HDMV Text subtitle
  
   ..S... jacosub              JACOsub subtitle
  
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   ..S... mov_text             MOV text
  
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   ..S... pjs                  PJS (Phoenix Japanimation Society) subtitle
  
   ..S... realtext             RealText subtitle
  
   ..S... sami                 SAMI subtitle
  
   ..S... srt                  SubRip subtitle with embedded timing
  
   ..S... ssa                  SSA (SubStation Alpha) subtitle
  
   ..S... stl                  Spruce subtitle format
  
   D.S... subrip               SubRip subtitle (decoders: srt )
  
   ..S... subviewer            SubViewer subtitle
  
   ..S... subviewer1           SubViewer v1 subtitle
  
   ..S... text                 raw UTF-8 text
  
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   ..S... xsub                 XSUB

• 7 Reasons to Migrate from Google Analytics to Matomo Now

  15 mai 2022, par Erin

  The release of Google Analytics 4 (GA4), and the subsequent depreciation of Universal Analytics, has caused a stir amongst webmasters, SEO experts, marketers and the likes.

  Google’s Universal Analytics is the most widely used web analytics platform in the world, but from 1 July 2023, it will no longer process any new data. Google is now pushing users to set up GA4 tracking imminently.

  If you’re like many and wondering if you should upgrade to Google Analytics 4, there are two key reasons why this might be a risk :

  1. GDPR violations : recent rulings have deemed Google Analytics illegal in France and Austria, and it’s likely that this trend will continue across the EU.
  2. Data loss : users switching to Google Analytics 4 can’t migrate their data from Universal Analytics.

  To mitigate these risks, many organisations are looking to switch to a Google Analytics alternative like Matomo. This is an ideal option for organisations that want to take ownership of their data, get compliant with privacy regulations and save themselves the stress of Google deprecating the software they rely on.

  Whilst there are two major reasons to steer clear of Google Analytics 4, there are 7 reasons why migrating to Matomo instead could save your business time, money and peace of mind.

  If you want to avoid the pitfalls of GA4 and are thinking about migrating from Universal Analytics to Matomo, here’s why you should make the switch now.

  1. Keep your historical Universal Analytics data

  Users switching to Google Analytics 4 will be disappointed to find out that GA4 does not accept data imports from Universal Analytics. On top of that, Google also announced that after Universal Analytics stops processing new data (1 July 2023), users will only be able to access this data for “at least six months”. 

  Years of valuable insights will be completely wiped and organisations will not be able to report on year over year results.

  Fortunately, any organisation using Universal Analytics can import this data into Matomo using our Google Analytics Importer plugin. So you can reduce business disruptions and retain years of valuable web analytics data when you switch to Matomo.

  Our comprehensive migration documentation features a handy video, written guides and FAQs to ensure a smooth migration process.

  2. Ease of use

  Web analytics is complicated enough without having to navigate confusing platform user interfaces (UIs). One of GA4’s biggest drawbacks is the “awful and unusable” interface which has received an overwhelming amount of negative backlash online. 

  Matomo’s intuitive UI contains many of the familiar features that made Universal Analytics so well-liked. You’ll find the same popular features like Visitors, Behaviour, and Acquisition to name a few.

  

  User Flow in Matomo

  When you switch to Matomo you can get up to speed quickly and spend more time focusing on high-value tasks, rather than learning about everything new in GA4.

  3. 100% accurate unsampled data

  GA4 implements data sampling and machine learning to fill gaps. Often what you are basing critical business decisions on is actually an estimate of activity. 

  Matomo does not use data sampling, so this guarantees you will always see the full picture.

  “My primary reason to use Matomo is to get the unsampled data, [...] if your website gets lots of traffic and you can’t afford an enterprise level tool like GA premium [GA360] then Matomo is your best choice.”

  With Matomo you can be confident your data-driven decisions are being made with real data.

  4. Privacy by design

  Built-in privacy has always been at the core of Matomo. One key method we use to achieve this, is by giving you 100% data ownership of your web analytics data. You don’t ever have to worry about the data landing in the wrong hands or being used in unethical ways – like unsolicited advertising. 

  On the contrary, Google Analytics is regularly under fire for controversial uses of data. While Google has made changes to make GA4 more privacy-focused, it’s all just smoke and mirrors. The data collected from Google Analytics accounts is used by Google to create digital profiles on internet users, which is then used for advertising. 

  Consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about how businesses are using their data. Businesses that develop privacy strategies, utilise privacy-focused tools will gain a competitive advantage and a loyal customer-base. 

  Prioritise the protection of your user data by switching to a privacy-by-design analytics solution.

  5. Compliance with global privacy laws

  To date, Google Analytics has been deemed illegal to use in France and Austria due to data transfers to the US. Upgrading to GA4 doesn’t make this problem go away either since data is still transferred to the US. 

  Matomo is easily configured to follow even the strictest of privacy laws like GDPR, HIPAA, CCPA, LGPD and PECR. Here’s how :

  • Matomo’s opt-out mechanism lets users opt-out of web analytics tracking
  • You can configure analytics for data retention of raw data and aggregated reports
  • Users can anonymise IP addresses as well as implement other data anonymisation techniques
  • Matomo can respect DoNotTrack setting
  • Users can set up Matomo so it doesn’t process any personal data or PII (personally identifiable information)
  • It’s easy to set shorter expiration dates for tracking cookies
  • Matomo allows you to disable Visits Log and Visitor Profile
  • Users aren’t tracked across websites unless specifically enabled

  Matomo can also be used without cookie consent banners (unlike with Google Analytics, which will always need user consent to track). Matomo has been approved by the French Data Protection Authority (CNIL) as one of the select few web analytics tools that can be used to collect data without tracking consent.

  Every year more countries are drafting legislation that mirrors the European Union’s GDPR (like the Brazilian LGPD). Matomo is designed to stay data-privacy law compliant, and always will be.

  Stay on top of global privacy laws and reduce the time you spend on compliance by switching to a privacy-compliant solution. 

  6. All-in-one web analytics

  Matomo gives you easy access to Heatmaps, Session Recordings, A/B testing, Funnels analytics, and more right out of the box. This means that digital marketing, UX and procurement teams won’t need to set up and manage multiple tools for behavioural analytics – it’s all in one place.

  Learn more about your audience, save money and reduce complexity by switching to an all-in-one analytics solution.

  Check out Matomo’s extensive product features.

  

  Page Scroll Depth in Matomo

  7. Tag Manager built-in

  Unlike GA4, the Matomo Tag Manager comes built-in for an efficient and consistent user experience. Matomo Tag Manager offers a pain-free solution for embedding tracking codes on your website without needing help from a web developer or someone with technical knowledge.

  Help your Marketing team track more website actions and give time back to your web developer by switching to Matomo Tag Manager.

  Final Thoughts

  Google Analytics is free to use, but the surrounding legal issues with the platform and implications of switching to GA4 will make migrating a tough choice for many businesses. 

  Now is the chance for organisations to step away from the advertising tech giant, take ownership of web analytics data and get compliant. Switch to the leading Google Analytics alternative and see why over 1 million websites choose Matomo for their web analytics.

  Ready to get started with your own Google Analytics to Matomo migration ? Try Matomo free for 21 days now – no credit card required. 

  21 day free trial. No credit card required.

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