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• DTS Error when nesting `amix` filter in ffmpeg [closed]

  25 août 2023, par GBathie

  I am trying to create an audio file that contains multiple occurrences of other samples (think of music notes), using ffmpeg.

  


  I am using the following command :

  


  ffmpeg -f lavfi -i 'sine=frequency=87.31:sample_rate=44100' -f lavfi -i 'sine=frequency=783.99:sample_rate=44100' -filter_complex '[0]asplit=2[s0][s1];[s0]atrim=duration=0.157[s2];[s1]atrim=duration=1.157[s3];[s2][s3]amix=inputs=2[s4];[1]atrim=duration=0.165[s5];[s4][s5]amix=inputs=2[s6]' -map '[s6]' test.mp3 -y


  


  It generates two sine waves in place of notes, and builds a file containing the first note twice, and the second note once.
I then mix the result using two amix filters. I cannot use a single amix filter because, in practice, I have more notes that the maximum number of inputs that amix can take (1024).

  


  The graph looks like this :


  


  Running this commands gives me the following output, which complains about "Queue input backwards in time" :

  


  
ffmpeg version 4.2.7-0ubuntu0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --extra-version=0ubuntu0.1 --toolchain=hardened --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --incdir=/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu --arch=amd64 --enable-gpl --disable-stripping --enable-avresample --disable-filter=resample --enable-avisynth --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libcdio --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libflite --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libjack --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librubberband --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-omx --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-libdc1394 --enable-libdrm --enable-libiec61883 --enable-nvenc --enable-chromaprint --enable-frei0r --enable-libx264 --enable-shared
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
Input #0, lavfi, from 'sine=frequency=87.31:sample_rate=44100':
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 705 kb/s
    Stream #0:0: Audio: pcm_s16le, 44100 Hz, mono, s16, 705 kb/s
Input #1, lavfi, from 'sine=frequency=783.99:sample_rate=44100':
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 705 kb/s
    Stream #1:0: Audio: pcm_s16le, 44100 Hz, mono, s16, 705 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 (pcm_s16le) -> asplit
  Stream #1:0 (pcm_s16le) -> atrim
  amix -> Stream #0:0 (libmp3lame)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
Output #0, mp3, to 'test.mp3':
  Metadata:
    TSSE            : Lavf58.29.100
    Stream #0:0: Audio: mp3 (libmp3lame), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.54.100 libmp3lame
[libmp3lame @ 0x557929fb5400] Queue input is backward in time
    Last message repeated 1 times
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774620
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775760
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775632
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775504
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775376
[libmp3lame @ 0x557929fb5400] Queue input is backward in time
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775248
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775120
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774992
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774864
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775760
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775632
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775504
[libmp3lame @ 0x557929fb5400] Queue input is backward in time
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775376
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775248
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775120
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774992
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774864
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775760
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775632
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775504
[libmp3lame @ 0x557929fb5400] Queue input is backward in time
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775376
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775248
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775120
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774992
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774864
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775760
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775632
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775504
[libmp3lame @ 0x557929fb5400] Queue input is backward in time
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775376
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775248
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775120
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774992
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854774864
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775760
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775632
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775504
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775376
[mp3 @ 0x557929fb7280] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 0: 6959 >= -9223372036854775248
size=      10kB time=00:00:00.18 bitrate= 428.0kbits/s speed=22.2x    
video:0kB audio:9kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 2.361386%


  


  Q : What is the issue, and how can I solve it ?

  


  Note that the issue disappears if I use a single amix filter, but I cannot do this in practice.

  


• Increasing Website Traffic : 11 Tips To Attract Visitors

  25 août 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips, Marketing

  For your website and business to succeed, you need to focus on building traffic.

  However, you aren’t the only one with that goal in mind.

  There are millions of other websites trying to increase their traffic as well. With that much competition, it’s important to make sure your website stands out. Accomplishing that can require a great deal of strategy.

  We’ve compiled a list of tips to help you develop a solid plan for increasing website traffic, to expand your reach, grow your audience and boost customer engagement levels — creating more opportunities for your business.Using these tips, more visitors will find their way to your website — meaning more customers for your business.

  Why is website traffic important ?

  Website traffic is essentially the number of people visiting your website. When someone lands on your site, they’re considered a visitor and increase your website traffic. 

  When your website traffic is high, you’ll get more clicks, customer interactions and brand engagement. As a result, search engines will have a positive impression of your website and send more people there, meaning even more people will see your content and have the opportunity to buy your product.

  When using a website for your business or any other venture, tracking your website traffic using a web analytics solution like Matomo is critical.

  

  With over 200 million actively maintained and visited websites in 2023, it’s important to make sure yours stands out if you want to increase your website traffic and grow your online presence. 

  11 tips for increasing website traffic

  Here are 11 tips to increase your organic traffic and elevate your business.

  1. Perfect your SEO

  Optimising your website to show up in search engine results shouldn’t be overlooked, as 63% of consumers start researching a product by using a search engine. Search engine optimisation, or SEO, increases the visibility and discoverability of your website on search engine results pages (SERPs). SEO targets organic searches, which means it doesn’t add to social media traffic, direct traffic or referrals, and it isn’t paid traffic.

  SEO is number one on this list for a reason — most of these tips will directly, or indirectly, improve your SEO efforts. 

  Steps to improve your search engine optimisation can include :

  • Using relevant keywords that are incorporated naturally throughout your content
  • Using a web analytics tool like Matomo, with its search keyword feature, to gain insights and identify opportunities for improvement
  • Using descriptive meta titles and meta descriptions
  • Link to your own content internally with descriptive anchor tags, and make sure unused pages are removed 
  • Keeping your target audience in mind and marketing your content toward them
  • Making sure your website’s structure is optimised to be mobile-friendly, fast and responsive — such as with Matomo’s SEO Web Vitals feature, which monitors key metrics like your website’s page speed and loading performance, pivotal for optimising search engine results

  2. Research the competition

  It’s important to remember that while your business might be unique, it’s likely not the only one in its field. Thousands of other websites from other companies are also looking to improve their website traffic and increase sales, and you have to outcompete them.

  Looking at what your competitors are doing is vital from a strategic perspective. You can see what their content looks like, how they’re framing their specific use cases and what target audience they’re marketing toward.

  Knowing what your competitors are doing can help you find ways to improve your content and make it unique. Are your competitors missing a specific use case or neglecting a particular audience ? Fill in their content gaps on your website, and pick up the traffic they’re missing.

  3. Create high-quality, evergreen content

  If your content is high-quality, visitors will read more of it and stay longer on your site. This obviously increases the likelihood they will purchase your product or service, and it tells search engines that your website is a good answer for a search query.

  High-quality content will also be shared more often, leading to even more website traffic. You should aim to develop content that doesn’t lose relevance over time (aka “evergreen content”). If you include time-sensitive data, statistics or content in your website, blog posts or articles, it’ll be relevant only around that time frame. 

  While this month’s viral content is highly popular, it likely won’t be relevant in a few months. Instead, if you ensure your content is evergreen, it will continue to get engagement long after it’s published.

  4. Implement creative visuals

  It’s important to have engaging, fun and interactive media on your website to keep visitors on your site longer. Like good content, interesting visuals (and the resulting longer visits) can translate to more purchases (and favourable assessments by search engines).

  

  Media can take the form of videos, infographics, images or web graphics. 

  With Matomo’s Media Analytics feature, you can automatically gain even deeper insights into how your visitors engage with your media content, enhancing your understanding of their preferences and behaviours.

  If you have interesting, captivating visuals, visitors will be more likely to stay on your website longer and see what you have to offer. Without captivating visuals to break up walls of text, you’ll likely find visitors will tend to leave your site in favour of something more engaging.

  Just make sure you design your visuals with your target audience in mind. Flashy, fun graphics might not be a good fit for a professional audience, but they’re great for younger audiences. If you get your audience correct, they may also share the images with others. Depending on your business, that might be a useful infographic shared across LinkedIn, or a picture of a clever use case shared on Pinterest. 

  As a bonus, if other companies use your graphics on their websites, that earns you some backlinks — more on those in a bit.

  5. Create a comprehensive knowledge base

  Having a knowledge base is critical to making sure your service or product is well understood and well documented, especially in the tech industry. If a visitor or potential customer is interested in your product or service, they need to know exactly what it will do for them and that they have a good foundation of support in case they need help. A knowledge base is also a good place for internal links (more on those in a bit).

  Visitors can also use your knowledge base as a source of information, and if they cite you as a source, that’ll lead right back to more website traffic for you (see our backlinks section for more about this). If your website is a good source of information, visitors will come back to it again and again.

  6. Use social media often and consistently

  Digital marketing nowadays heavily relies on social media platforms. Having an online presence no longer means just having a website — if you’re not using social media sites, you’re missing out on a huge portion of potential visitors and customers.

  A strong social media presence with profiles on platforms like Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram or LinkedIn can be invaluable for increasing your website traffic. Visitors to your social media profiles will click on regularly shared content, read your blog posts and possibly become customers.

  Participating in relevant communities and networking with other companies in groups in your industry can also be invaluable. If you participate in online communities and forums for your niche, you can offer insight, answer questions and plug your website. All of this will increase your clicks, which will increase your website traffic.

  If you’ve managed to build your own community on social media, make sure to keep them engaged ! Implementing your own forum, hosting live chats and Q&As, offering helpful and engaging content will make sure visitors keep coming back and spreading the word. 

  7. Use email marketing or newsletters

  Having an email list and sending marketing emails or newsletters is a great way to increase website traffic. You can offer exclusive content, and promise discounts or resources to your subscribers for when they return to your website. This will help keep your loyal audience engaged, entice new customers to subscribe to your newsletter, give you a chance to upsell to people who have already expressed an interest in your product and potentially convert curious subscribers into customers.

  8. Make sure your content can earn backlinks

  A backlink is when a website links to a different website — ideally using relevant anchor text — and it’s an effective strategy for increasing referral traffic, that is, visitors who get to your website via a link on another website. The more backlinks you have, the more your referral traffic will increase. Social share buttons make it easy for people to cite you on social platforms, too. 

  We’ve already talked about making expert content that’s link-worthy, but also make sure that you’re creating linkable assets (like those interesting visuals mentioned earlier), building relationships with other sites that will link to you (like by inviting an expert or influencer to write on your page and promote it from their platform, or by writing your own guest content for their sites) and sharing your own content. All of this can help increase your referral traffic, particularly when you’re linked from websites with a higher domain authority than you have.

  You can also make sure your website is listed in online directories. Some sites will do interviews and roundups, as well — these are great opportunities to increase your backlinks.

  9. Optimise your CTR

  Click-through rate, or CTR, is the percentage of users who click on specific links to your website. A high CTR means your visitors are following a link — whether in an advertisement, a search result or a social media post — and a low CTR means they’re passing it by. Optimising your CTR can greatly improve your website traffic.

  To improve CTR, identify successful elements such as copy, imagery, and offers in your ads, enabling you to amplify effective elements and minimise less impactful ones.

  10. Ensure your website is responsive and mobile-friendly

  If a visitor is frustrated by your site being slow, laggy, clunky or not mobile-friendly, they won’t stay long. That doesn’t look good to search engines if that’s how your visitors got there. Your website needs to be clean, responsive, user-friendly and accessible.

  If your website is slow, try increasing your website’s performance by :

  • Optimising images : Reduce the size of images and compress them for faster load times. Opt for JPEG format for photos and PNG format for graphics. 
  • Limit the use of plugins : If you are using a CMS like WordPress, consider removing plugins that are unnecessary or not essential.
  • Embrace lazy loading : To further enhance site speed and reduce initial load times, set up your site to load images and content only as visitors scroll down. Prioritising the content and images at the top of the page makes the site feel faster. Some CMS platforms will offer this option, but others may require a bit of coding to set this up. 

  Many people rely on their phones to research services or products, especially if they’re doing a quick search. Make sure your website is friendly to mobile users. It should scale vertically and scroll smoothly so users aren’t frustrated when using your site. They should be able to find the info they need immediately without any technical issues.

  11. Track your website’s metrics

  As you test out each of these strategies to increase your web traffic, don’t forget to closely analyse the performance of your site. To truly understand the impact of your efforts, you’ll need a reliable web analytics solution. Think of a dependable web analytics solution as your website’s GPS. Without it, you’d be lost, unsure of your direction and missing out on valuable insights to steer your growth.

  Matomo is a powerful web analytics tool that can help you do just that by providing information on your site visitors and campaign performance, complemented by an array of behavioural analytics features that delve into user interactions. Among these, our heatmap feature stands out, enabling greater insights into user interactions and optimisation of your site’s effectiveness.

  

  Google Analytics is another powerful analytics option, though it has challenges with data accuracy ; there are multiple other web analytics solutions as well.

  Regardless of what web analytics solution you choose, the process of analysing your website metrics is incredibly important for identifying areas of improvement to increase website traffic.

  Increasing your web traffic is a process

  Increasing website traffic isn’t something you accomplish overnight. It’s a comprehensive, ongoing endeavour that requires constant analysis and fine-tuning. 

  By applying these tips to create consistent, high-quality content that gets spotlighted on search engines, shared on social media and returned to again and again, you’ll see a steady stream of increased traffic. 

  With Matomo, you can understand your visitor behaviour to see what works and what doesn’t as you work to increase your website traffic. Get your free 21-day trial now. No credit card required.

• The 7 GDPR Principles : A Guide to Compliance

  11 août 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips, GDPR

  We all knew it was coming. It’s all anyone could talk about — the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) took effect on 25 May 2018. 

  You might think five years would have been plenty of time for organisations to achieve compliance, yet many have failed to do so. As of 2022, 81% of French businesses and 95% of American companies were still not compliant.

  If you’re one of these organisations still working on compliance, this blog will provide valuable information about the seven GDPR principles and guide you on your way to compliance. It will also explore how web analytics tools can help organisations improve transparency, ensure data security and achieve GDPR compliance.

  What is GDPR ?

  The European Union (EU) created the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to grant individuals greater control over their data and promote transparency in data processing. 

  Known by many other names across Europe (e.g., RGPD, DSGVO, etc.), the GDPR created a set of rules surrounding the handling of personal data of EU citizens and residents, to make sure organisations aren’t being irresponsible with user names, locations, IP addresses, information gleaned from cookies, and so on. 

  Organisations must assume several responsibilities to achieve GDPR compliance, regardless of their physical location. These obligations include :

  • Respecting user rights
  • Implementing documentation and document retention policies
  • Ensuring data security 

  Why is GDPR compliance important ?

  Data has become a valuable asset for businesses worldwide. The collection and use of data is a feature of almost every sector. However, with increased data usage comes a greater responsibility to protect individuals’ privacy and rights. 

  A YouGov study conducted in 17 key markets found that two in three adults worldwide believe tech corporations across all markets have too much control over their data.

  

  GDPR is the most extensive government framework aiming to tackle the increasing concern over data collection and handling. GDPR safeguards personal data from misuse, unauthorised access and data breaches. It ensures that businesses handle information responsibly and with respect for individual privacy. It also provided a foundation for similar laws to be created in other countries, including China, which is among the least concerned regions (56%), along with Sweden (54%) and Indonesia (56%).

  GDPR has been pivotal in safeguarding personal data and empowering individuals with more control over their information. Compliance with GDPR builds trust between businesses and their customers. Currently, 71% of the countries in the world are covered by data protection and privacy legislation.

  What are the risks of non-compliance ?

  We’ve established the siginficance of GDPR, but what about the implications — what does it mean for your business ? The consequences of non-compliance can be severe and are not worth being lax about. 

  According to Article 83 of the GDPR, you can be penalised up to 4% of your annual global revenue or €20 million, whichever is higher, for violations. For smaller businesses, such substantial fines could be devastating. Non-compliance could even result in legal action from individuals or data protection authorities, leading to further financial losses.

  Potential outcomes are not just legal and financial. GDPR violations can significantly damage your reputation as a company. Non-compliance could also cost you business opportunities if your policies and processes do not comply and, therefore, do not align with potential partners. Customers trust businesses that take data protection seriously over those that do not.

  

  Finally, and perhaps the most timid outcome on the surface, individuals have the right to complain to data protection authorities if they believe you violate their data rights. These complaints can trigger an investigation, and if your business is found to be breaking the rules, you could face all of the consequences mentioned above. 

  You may think it couldn’t happen to you, but GDPR fines have collectively reached over €4 billion and are growing at a notable rate. Fines grew 92% from H1 2021 compared with H1 2022. A record-breaking €1.2 billion fine to Meta in 2023 is the biggest we’ve seen, so far. But smaller businesses can be fined, too. A bank in Hungary was fined €1,560 for not erasing and correcting data when the subject requested it. (Individuals can also be fined in flagrant cases, like a police officer fined €1,400 for using police info for private purposes.)

  

  The 7 GDPR principles and how to comply

  You should now have a good understanding of GDPR, why it’s important and the consequences of not being compliant. 

  Your first step to compliance is to identify the personal data your organisation processes and determine the legal basis for processing each type. You then need to review your data processing activities to ensure they align with the GDPR’s purpose and principles.

  There are seven key principles in Article 5 of the GDPR that govern the lawful processing of personal data :

  Lawfulness, fairness and transparency

  This principle ensures you collect and use data in a legal and transparent way. It must be collected with consent, and you must tell your customers why you need their data. Data processing must be conducted fairly and transparently. 

  How to comply

  • Review your data practices and identify if and why you collect personal data from customers.
    • Learn what personally identifiable information (PII) is.
  • Update your website and forms to include a clear and easy-to-understand explanation of why you need their data and what you’ll use it for.
  • Obtain explicit consent from individuals when processing their sensitive data.
  • Add a cookie consent banner to your website, informing users about the cookies you use and why.
    • Website analytics tools like Google Analytics and Matomo offer the ability to create cookie consent banners and integrate with Consent Management Platforms (CMPs) to manage user consent and privacy settings.
    • Matomo also offers a setting without tracking cookies, in which case you would not need to add the cookie consent banner. 
  • Privacy notices must be accessible at all times. 
  • To ensure your cookies are GDPR compliant, you must :
    • Get consent before using any cookies (except strictly necessary cookies). 
    • Clearly explain what each cookie tracks and its purpose.
    • Document and store user consent.
    • Don’t refuse access to services if users do not consent to the use of certain cookies.
    • Make the consent withdrawal process simple. 

  Use tools like Matomo that can be configured to automatically anonymise data so you don’t process any personal data.

  Purpose limitation

  You can only use data for the specific, legitimate purposes you told your visitors, prospects or customers about at the time of collection. You can’t use it for anything else without asking again. 

  How to comply

  • Define the specific purposes for collecting personal data (e.g., processing orders, sending newsletters).
  • Ensure you don’t use the data for any other purposes without getting explicit consent from the individuals.

  Data minimisation

  Data minimisation means you should only collect the data you need, aligned with the stated purpose. You shouldn’t gather or store more data than necessary. Implementing data minimisation practices ensures compliance and protects against data breaches.

  How to comply

  • Identify the minimum data required for each purpose.
  • Conduct a data audit to identify and eliminate unnecessary data collection points.
  • Don’t ask for unnecessary information or store data that’s not essential for your business operations.
  • Implement data retention policies to delete data when it is no longer required.

  Accuracy

  You are responsible for keeping data accurate and up-to-date at all times. You should have processes to promptly erase or correct any data if you have incorrect information for your customers.

  How to comply

  • Implement a process to regularly review and update customer data.
  • Provide an easy way for customers to request corrections to their data if they find any errors.

  Storage limitation

  Data should not be kept longer than necessary. You should only hold onto it for as long as you have a valid reason, which should be the purpose stated and consented to. Securely dispose of data when it is no longer needed. There is no upper time limit on data storage. 

  How to comply

  • Set clear retention periods for the different types of data you collect.
  • Develop data retention policies and adhere to them consistently.
  • Delete data when it’s no longer needed for the purposes you specified.

  Integrity and confidentiality

  You must take measures to protect data from unauthorised or unlawful access, like keeping it locked away and secure.

  How to comply

  • Securely store personal data with encryption and access controls, and keep it either within the EU or somewhere with similar privacy protections. 
  • Train your staff on data protection and restrict access to data only to those who need it for their work.
  • Conduct regular security assessments and address vulnerabilities promptly.

  Accountability

  Accountability means that you are responsible for complying with the other principles. You must demonstrate that you are following the rules and taking data protection seriously.

  How to comply

  • Appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) or someone responsible for data privacy in your company.
  • Maintain detailed records of data processing activities and any data breaches.
  • Data breaches must be reported within 72 hours.

  Compliance with GDPR is an ongoing process, and it’s vital to review and update your practices regularly. 

  What are GDPR rights ?

  Individuals are granted various rights under the GDPR. These rights give them more control over their personal data.

  

  The right to be informed : People can ask why their data is required.

  What to do : Explain why personal data is required and how it will be used.

  The right to access : People can request and access the personal data you hold about them.
  What to do : Provide a copy of the data upon request, free of charge and within one month.

  The right to rectification : If data errors or inaccuracies are found, your customers can ask you to correct them.
  What to do : Promptly update any incorrect information to ensure it is accurate and up-to-date.

  The right to object to processing : Your customers have the right to object to processing their data for certain purposes, like direct marketing.
  What to do : Respect this objection unless you have legitimate reasons for processing the data.

  Rights in relation to automated decision-making and profiling : GDPR gives individuals the right not to be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing, including profiling, if it significantly impacts them.
  What to do : Offer individuals the right to human intervention and express their point of view in such cases.

  The right to be forgotten : Individuals can request the deletion of their data under certain circumstances, such as when the data is no longer necessary or when they withdraw consent.
  What to do : Comply with such requests unless you have a legal obligation to keep the data.

  The right to data portability : People can request their personal data in a commonly used and machine-readable format.
  What to do : Provide the data to the individual if they want to transfer it to another service provider.

  The right to restrict processing : Customers can ask you to temporarily stop processing their data, for example, while they verify its accuracy or when they object to its usage.
  What to do : Store the data during this period but do not process it further.

  Are all website analytics tools GDPR compliant ?

  Unfortunately, not all web analytics tools are built the same. No matter where you are located in the world, if you are processing the personal data of European citizens or residents, you need to fulfil GDPR obligations.

  While your web analytics tool helps you gain valuable insights from your user base and web traffic, they don’t all comply with GDPR. No matter how hard you work to adhere to the seven principles and GDPR rights, using a non-compliant tool means that you’ll never be fully GDPR compliant.

  When using website analytics tools and handling data, you should consider the following :

  Collection of data

  Aligned with the lawfulness, fairness and transparency principle, you must collect consent from visitors for tracking if you are using website analytics tools to collect visitor behavioural data — unless you anonymise data entirely with Matomo.

  

  To provide transparency, you should also clarify the types of data you collect, such as IP addresses, device information and browsing behaviour. Note that data collection aims to improve your website’s performance and understand your audience better.

  Storage of data

  Assure your visitors that you securely store their data and only keep it for as long as necessary, following GDPR’s storage limitation principle. Clearly state the retention periods for different data types and specify when you’ll delete or anonymise it.

  Usage of data

  Make it clear that to comply with the purpose limitation principle, the data you collect will not be used for other purposes beyond website analytics. You should also promise not to share data with third parties for marketing or unrelated activities without their explicit consent. 

  Anonymisation and pseudonymisation

  Features like IP anonymisation to protect users’ privacy are available with GA4 (Google Analytics) and Matomo. Describe how you use these tools and mention that you may use pseudonyms or unique identifiers instead of real names to safeguard personal data further.

  Cookies and consent

  Inform visitors that your website uses cookies and other tracking technologies for analytics purposes. Matomo offers customisable cookie banners and opt-out options that allow users to choose their preferences regarding cookies and tracking, along with cookieless options that don’t require consent banners. 

  Right to access and correct data

  Inform visitors of their rights and provide instructions on requesting information. Describe how to correct inaccuracies in their data and update their preferences.

  Security measures

  Assure visitors that you take data security seriously and have implemented measures to protect their data from unauthorised access or breaches. You can also use this opportunity to highlight any encryption or access controls you use to safeguard data.

  Contact information

  Provide contact details for your company’s Data Protection Officer (DPO) and encourage users to reach out if they have any questions or concerns about their data and privacy.

  When selecting web analytics tools, consider how well they align with GDPR principles. Look for features like anonymisation, consent management options, data retention controls, security measures and data storage within the EU or a similarly privacy-protecting jurisdiction. 

  Matomo offers an advanced GDPR Manager. This is to make sure websites are fully GDPR compliant by giving users the ability to access, withdraw consent, object or erase their data, in addition to the anonymizing features. 

  And finally, when you use Matomo, you have 100% data ownership — stored with us in the EU if you’re using Matomo Cloud or on your own servers with Matomo On-Premise — so you can be data-driven and still be compliant with worldwide privacy laws. We are also trusted across industries as we provide accurate data (no trying to fill in the gaps with AI), a robust API that lets you connect your data to your other tools and cookieless tracking options so you don’t need a cookie consent banner. What’s more, our open-source nature allows you to explore the inner workings, offering the assurance of security firsthand. 

  Ready to become GDPR compliant ?

  Whether you’re an established business or just starting out, if you work with data from EU citizens or residents, then achieving GDPR compliance is essential. It doesn’t need to cost you a fortune or five years to get to compliant status. With the right tools and processes, you can be on top of the privacy requirements in no time at all, avoiding any of those hefty penalties or the resulting damage to your reputation. 

  You don’t need to sacrifice powerful data insights to be GDPR compliant. While Google Analytics uses data for its ‘own purposes’, Matomo is an ethical alternative. Using our all-in-one web analytics platform means you own 100% of your data 100% of the time. 

  Start a 21-day free trial of Matomo — no credit card required.

  Disclaimer

  We are not lawyers and don’t claim to be. The information provided here is to help give an introduction to GDPR. We encourage every business and website to take data privacy seriously and discuss these issues with your lawyer if you have any concerns.