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• RAW audio capture from HDMI using DeckLink Mini Recorder 4K

  12 mars 2020, par Amir Raza

  I need to capture audio from TI DSP hardware/Laptop. So I opted "DeckLink Mini Recorder 4K Audio" and it connected to desktop.
  By using Decklink API’s I am able to capture audio (PCM) with 32-bit depth. But when I used media express to capture, and extracted audio
  using FFmpeg and I am getting audio (PCM) with 24-bit depth.

  Question
  1) Does this device "DeckLink Mini Recorder 4K Audio" converts audio from 32-bit to 24-bit ?
  2) Is this device "DeckLink Mini Recorder 4K Audio" bit-exact/loss-less ?

  consider the below test scenario.

  I am playing audio(PCM) by MPC-HC/VLC/Groove player in laptop and capture audio(PCM) using "DeckLink Mini Recorder 4K Audio"
  connected to desktop, The capture audio is bit-exact with the streamed input.?

  i.e ffmpeg.exe -i HDMI_Output1.av1 -vn -c:a copy out.wav

  Note :
  i am using Blackmagic_Desktop_Video_Windows_11.5 & Blackmagic_DeckLink_SDK_11.5 softwares.

  I have added the Decklink API code snippet.

  void main()
  
  {
  
    IDeckLinkIterator* deckLinkIterator = NULL;
  
    IDeckLinkAttributes* deckLinkAttributes = NULL;
  
    IDeckLink* deckLink = NULL;
  
    IDeckLinkInput* deckLinkInput = NULL;
  
    NotificationCallback* notificationCallback = NULL;
  
    HRESULT result;
  
    BOOL supported;
  
    int returnCode = 1;
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    wave_header wh;
  
    unsigned octet_depth;
  
  #endif
  
    Initialize();
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
    MutexHandle = CreateMutex(NULL, /* security attributes */
  
                              FALSE, /* initially not owned */
  
                              NULL); /* Name */
  
  #endif
  
    /* Create an IDeckLinkIterator object to enumerate all DeckLink cards in the system */
  
    if (GetDeckLinkIterator(&deckLinkIterator) != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "A DeckLink iterator could not be created.  The DeckLink drivers may not be installed.\n");
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
    /* Obtain the first DeckLink device */
  
    result = deckLinkIterator->Next(&deckLink);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not find DeckLink device - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Obtain the Attributes interface for the DeckLink device */
  
    result = deckLink->QueryInterface(IID_IDeckLinkAttributes, (void**)&deckLinkAttributes);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not obtain the IDeckLinkAttributes interface - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Determine whether the DeckLink device supports input format detection */
  
    result = deckLinkAttributes->GetFlag(BMDDeckLinkSupportsInputFormatDetection, &supported);
  
    if ((result != S_OK) || (supported == false))
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Device does not support automatic mode detection\n");
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Obtain the input interface for the DeckLink device */
  
    result = deckLink->QueryInterface(IID_IDeckLinkInput, (void**)&deckLinkInput);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not obtain the IDeckLinkInput interface - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Create an instance of notification callback */
  
    notificationCallback = new NotificationCallback(deckLinkInput);
  
    if (notificationCallback == NULL)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not create notification callback object\n");
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /* Set the callback object to the DeckLink device's input interface */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->SetCallback(notificationCallback);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not set callback - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
    /*  Enable video input with a default video mode and the automatic format detection feature enabled */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->EnableVideoInput(bmdModeHD1080p5994, bmdFormat8BitYUV, bmdVideoInputFlagDefault);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not enable video input - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
    nBytesPerSample = (bmdAudioSampleType32bitInteger >> 3);
  
    nChannels = 2;
  
    /*  Enable audio input with a default audio mode and the automatic format detection feature enabled */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->EnableAudioInput(bmdAudioSampleRate48kHz, bmdAudioSampleType32bitInteger, nChannels);
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not enable audio input - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    /* Populate the wave headers */
  
    /* RIFF */
  
    sprintf(&wh.riff.name1[0], "RIFF");
  
    sprintf(&wh.riff.name2[0], "WAVE");
  
    /* format */
  
    octet_depth = (bmdAudioSampleType32bitInteger + 7) / 8;
  
    sprintf(&wh.fmt.name[0], "fmt ");
  
    wh.fmt.size = FMT_SIZE;
  
    wh.fmt.format_type = FMT_TAG_PCM;
  
    wh.fmt.channel_count = (unsigned short)nChannels;
  
    wh.fmt.sample_rate = bmdAudioSampleRate48kHz;
  
    wh.fmt.bits_per_sample = (unsigned short)octet_depth * 8;
  
    wh.fmt.block_alignment = (unsigned short)(octet_depth*nChannels);
  
    wh.fmt.bytes_per_second = (unsigned long)wh.fmt.block_alignment*bmdAudioSampleRate48kHz;
  
    wh.fmt.extra_bytes = (unsigned short)0;
  
    /* data */
  
    sprintf(&wh.data.name[0], "data");
  
  #endif 
  
  
  
    printf("Starting streams\n");
  
  
  
    /* Start capture */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->StartStreams();
  
    if (result != S_OK)
  
    {
  
      fprintf(stderr, "Could not start capture - result = %08x\n", result);
  
      goto bail;
  
    }
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    FILE *fp = fopen("HDMI_Output.wav", "wb");
  
  #else
  
    FILE *fp = fopen("HDMI_Output.bin","wb");
  
  #endif
  
    char *ptrCopy;
  
    float *fPtr;
  
    unsigned int zeroCntr, trailingZerosCnt;
  
    do
  
    {
  
        zeroCntr = 0;
  
        trailingZerosCnt = 0;
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
        WaitForSingleObject(MutexHandle, /* handle */
  
                            INFINITE); /* time-out interval */
  
  #endif
  
        int bytesInQueue = (int)((long long)aBufPtr - (long long)aBufWritePtr);
  
        ptrCopy = (char *)aBufPtr;
  
  #ifdef _WIN32
  
        ReleaseMutex(MutexHandle);
  
  #endif
  
        if (bytesInQueue > 0)
  
        {
  
  #ifdef STRIP_ZEROS
  
            /* Parse data for zeros */
  
            fPtr = (float *)aBufWritePtr;
  
            for (int i = 0; i < (bytesInQueue >> 2); i++)
  
            {
  
                if (*(fPtr + i) == 0.0)
  
                    zeroCntr++;
  
                else
  
                    break;
  
            }
  
            aBufWritePtr += (zeroCntr << 2);
  
            bytesInQueue -= (zeroCntr << 2);
  
  #endif
  
            if (bytesInQueue > 0)
  
            {
  
                fPtr = (float *)aBufWritePtr;
  
                for (int i = 0; i < (bytesInQueue >> 2); i++)
  
                {
  
                    fwrite(fPtr, 4, 1, fp);
  
                    fflush(fp);
  
  
  
                    if (*fPtr == 0.0)
  
                        trailingZerosCnt++;
  
                    else
  
                        trailingZerosCnt = 0;
  
  
  
                    if (trailingZerosCnt >= NUM_TRAIL_ZEROS_TRESHOLD)
  
                        break;
  
  
  
                    fPtr++;
  
                }
  
            }
  
        }
  
        aBufWritePtr = ptrCopy;
  
        Sleep(100);
  
    } while (trailingZerosCnt < NUM_TRAIL_ZEROS_TRESHOLD);
  
  
  
    fclose (fp);
  
  #ifdef STRIP_ZEROS
  
    /* Remove trailing zeros, write wave header */
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    fp = fopen("HDMI_Output.wav", "rb");
  
  #else
  
    fp = fopen("HDMI_Output.bin", "rb");
  
  #endif
  
    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_END);
  
    int size = ftell(fp);
  
    size = size - (NUM_TRAIL_ZEROS_TRESHOLD << 2);
  
    printf(" \n size of hearder = %d", size);
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    wh.data.size = size;
  
    wh.riff.size = wh.data.size + sizeof(wave_format) + sizeof(wave_RIFF);
  
    printf(" \n size of hearderwh.riff.size = %d", wh.riff.size);
  
  #endif
  
    char * tmpBuf = (char *)malloc(size);
  
    fseek(fp, 0, SEEK_SET);
  
    fread(tmpBuf, 1, size, fp);
  
    fclose(fp);
  
  #endif
  
  #ifdef WRITE_WAV_FILE
  
    fp = fopen("HDMI_Output.wav", "wb");
  
    /* write the wave header */
  
    fwrite(&wh, 1, sizeof(wave_header), fp);
  
    /* Write the zero stripped PCM data */
  
    fwrite(tmpBuf, 1, size, fp);
  
    free(tmpBuf);
  
    fflush(fp);
  
    fclose(fp);
  
  #endif
  
  bail:
  
    /* Stop capture */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->StopStreams();
  
  
  
    /* Disable the video input interface */
  
    result = deckLinkInput->DisableVideoInput();
  
  
  
    /* return success */
  
    returnCode = 0;
  
  
  
    /* Release resources */
  
  
  
    /* Release the attributes interface */
  
    if (deckLinkAttributes != NULL)
  
      deckLinkAttributes->Release();
  
  
  
    /* Release the video input interface */
  
    if (deckLinkInput != NULL)
  
      deckLinkInput->Release();
  
  
  
    /* Release the Decklink object */
  
    if (deckLink != NULL)
  
      deckLink->Release();
  
  
  
    /* Release the DeckLink iterator */
  
    if (deckLinkIterator != NULL)
  
      deckLinkIterator->Release();
  
  
  
    /* Release the notification callback object */
  
    if (notificationCallback)
  
      delete notificationCallback;
  
  }

• Why do you need analytics for your WordPress ?

  7 avril 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Plugins
  Not many people know this, but having a WordPress analytics tool gives you a competitive advantage. It’s also essential to the growth of your website. For many businesses, websites are the main driver of revenue and sales. In the case of blogs, it’s your first chance to make a lasting impression.

  Now, maybe you’ve heard of Google Analytics or even the privacy-friendly alternative, Matomo Analytics, but have never tried them ? These are analytics platforms that help you understand your website traffic and visitors. (You can find these platforms as plugins in the WordPress directory !)

  They’re important because the insights you get help you determine what changes to make to improve your website. Without them you could face a tougher time figuring out what’s working, what the issues are (and solving them before they get out of hand), and making sure you’re taking your website in the right direction. 

  WordPress analytics gives you an understanding of what’s actually going on.

  How does a WordPress analytics plugin benefit your website ?

  What this means for you is getting a toolkit to learn how to get more sales or followers and subscribers (aka conversions in analytics terms). 

  By getting insights into user behaviour, content performance, and how you can optimise your website, you can reach more of your goals, like increasing sales or growing your audience.

  A WordPress analytics tool helps you get more traffic to your site

  You get a range of features which tell you which acquisition channels are working for you like – social media, search engines, and other websites mentioning you. This helps you make an informed decision on where to focus energies (or spend) to get more of the ideal people coming through to your website. 

  

  Example : Looking through your acquisition channels and seeing that Reddit drives a lot of traffic through to your website. Since this channel seems to be working for you, you could then spend more time on Reddit posts to increase traffic.

  But getting more traffic isn’t all there is to it. Once they land on your site, you want them to stay for a little longer so they are intrigued by what you’re offering. Be it a product, or awesome content.

  Which leads us to …

  Increasing engagement by learning about visitor behaviour

  When you get a solid number of visitors on your website, it’s good to then learn about how they behave on your site. A WordPress analytics tool helps with engagement since you’re seeing what’s appealing to them, and what isn’t.

   Increasing engagement is good for a few reasons. 

  • You end up speaking the language of your readers. 
  • You can make a difference with the information you’re putting out. 
  • You get loyal customers and believers in your organisation. 

  With more engaged visitors, you can build trust with them and eventually be able to convince them that your product, service, or blog is needed in their lives.

  

  Example : Looking through entry and exit pages to see what first impression is making them stay, and what impression is making them leave. This helps you redirect efforts to give your website a better chance of getting visitors to stay longer.

  Improving your content and engagement can lead to more conversions

  After you get visitors engaged, it’s time to convert. 

  Whether you have an ecommerce site or freelance blog, you’ll need to know how to boost conversions. This simply means getting people to achieve more of the actions you’re wanting them to take on your site. Like subscribing to your newsletter or adding items to a cart.

  With conversion optimization features, you’re finding out how well your website is designed to get buyers through a journey to conversion. 

  

  Example : Say you’ve created a newsletter sign up page, but you’re not getting as many sign ups as you’d like. With a web analytics tool, you can look into it further. A funnels feature could tell you how they’re getting to that page. If people can’t find your page, that could be reason for low conversion rates. Or, maybe you are getting people landing on this page, but you can’t tell why they’re not signing up. Try setting up a heatmap to see how far they’re scrolling down your page to the sign up section. Through these conversion optimization features, you can make tweaks that significantly improve conversions.

  So, how does the Matomo Analytics for WordPress plugin help with all of this ?

  

  Matomo Analytics for WordPress is a free web analytics plugin that gives you access to all the features mentioned above, right in your own WordPress dashboard. It’s completely free to use and is handy for users of all skill levels. From beginners right through to advanced analysts. 

  You get to move through all the stages to increase traffic, increase engagement, and convert. By using Matomo for WordPress, you put yourself in a better position to track all the needed data from your WordPress website. 

  You have this toolkit to improve your website for free, with a few clicks ! 

  By getting useful insights like visitors, acquisitions, bounce rates etc. you gain a new perspective on how to improve your website so it’s better at doing what you created it to do. Getting these insights also means giving yourself the confidence to do what’s best for your website in a data-driven way. 

  With all this knowledge, you can be competitive, or grow enough that you’re leaving your competitors in the dust. 

• MP4 Created Using FFmpeg API Can't Be Played in Media Players

  11 avril 2020, par RandyCroucher

  I've been struggling with this issue for days. There are similar issues posted here and around the web, but none of the solutions seem to work for me. They are possibly outdated ?

  



  Here is the current iteration of code I'm using to generate the MP4 file.

  



  It generates a simple 2 second .mp4 file that fails to play in any player I've tried. If I run that mp4 file back through the FFmpeg command line, it will generate a perfectly playable movie out of it. So the data is there.

  



  Also, if you modify the output file name in this code from .mp4 to .avi, this code generates a playable avi file too. So whatever it is, it is tied to the H.264 format.

  



  I'm sure I'm missing something simple, but for the life of me, I can't figure out what that is.

  



  Any help would be greatly appreciated !

  



  Here is a link to the VC++ project. MovieMaker.zip

  



  MovieMaker.h

  



  #pragma once&#xA;&#xA;extern "C"&#xA;{&#xA;#include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>&#xA;#include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>&#xA;#include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>&#xA;#include <libavutil></libavutil>opt.h>&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;class FMovieMaker&#xA;{&#xA;public:&#xA;    ~FMovieMaker();&#xA;&#xA;    bool Initialize(const char* FileName, int Width = 1920, int Height = 1080, int FPS = 30, int BitRate = 2000);&#xA;    bool RecordFrame(uint8_t* BGRAData);&#xA;    bool Finalize();&#xA;&#xA;    bool IsInitialized() const { return bInitialized; }&#xA;    int GetWidth() const { return CodecContext ? CodecContext->width : 0; }&#xA;    int GetHeight() const { return CodecContext ? CodecContext->height : 0; }&#xA;&#xA;private:&#xA;    bool EncodeFrame(bool bFinalize);&#xA;    void Log(const char* fmt, ...);&#xA;&#xA;    AVOutputFormat* OutputFormat = nullptr;&#xA;    AVFormatContext* FormatContext = nullptr;&#xA;    AVCodecContext* CodecContext = nullptr;&#xA;    AVFrame* Frame = nullptr;&#xA;    SwsContext* ColorConverter = nullptr;&#xA;    int64_t RecordedFrames = 0;&#xA;    bool bInitialized = false;&#xA;};&#xA;

  



  MovieMaker.cpp

  



  #include "MovieMaker.h"

FMovieMaker::~FMovieMaker()
{
    if (IsInitialized())
        Finalize();
}

bool FMovieMaker::Initialize(const char* FileName, int Width /*= 1920*/, int Height /*= 1080*/, int FPS /*= 30*/, int BitRate /*= 2000*/)
{
    OutputFormat = av_guess_format(nullptr, FileName, nullptr);
    if (!OutputFormat)
    {
        Log("Couldn't guess the output format from the filename: %s", FileName);
        return false;
    }

    AVCodecID CodecID = OutputFormat->video_codec;
    if (CodecID == AV_CODEC_ID_NONE)
    {
        Log("Could not determine a codec to use");
        return false;
    }

    /* allocate the output media context */
    int ErrorCode = avformat_alloc_output_context2(&FormatContext, OutputFormat, nullptr, FileName);
    if (ErrorCode < 0)
    {
        char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
        Log("Failed to allocate format context: %s", Error);
        return false;
    }
    else if (!FormatContext)
    {
        Log("Failed to get format from filename: %s", FileName);
        return false;
    }

    /* find the video encoder */
    const AVCodec* Codec = avcodec_find_encoder(CodecID);
    if (!Codec)
    {
        Log("Codec '%d' not found", CodecID);
        return false;
    }

    /* create the video stream */
    AVStream* Stream = avformat_new_stream(FormatContext, Codec);
    if (!Stream)
    {
        Log("Failed to allocate stream");
        return false;
    }

    /* create the codec context */
    CodecContext = avcodec_alloc_context3(Codec);
    if (!CodecContext)
    {
        Log("Could not allocate video codec context");
        return false;
    }

    Stream->codecpar->codec_id = OutputFormat->video_codec;
    Stream->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
    Stream->codecpar->width = Width;
    Stream->codecpar->height = Height;
    Stream->codecpar->format = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
    Stream->codecpar->bit_rate = (int64_t)BitRate * 1000;
    avcodec_parameters_to_context(CodecContext, Stream->codecpar);

    CodecContext->time_base = { 1, FPS };
    CodecContext->max_b_frames = 2;
    CodecContext->gop_size = 12;
    CodecContext->framerate = { FPS, 1 };

    if (Stream->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264)
        av_opt_set(CodecContext, "preset", "medium", 0);
    else if (Stream->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H265)
        av_opt_set(CodecContext, "preset", "medium", 0);

    avcodec_parameters_from_context(Stream->codecpar, CodecContext);

    if (FormatContext->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
        CodecContext->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;

    if ((ErrorCode = avcodec_open2(CodecContext, Codec, NULL)) < 0)
    {
        char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
        Log("Failed to open codec: %s", Error);
        return false;
    }

    if (!(OutputFormat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
    {
        if ((ErrorCode = avio_open(&FormatContext->pb, FileName, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) < 0)
        {
            char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
            Log("Failed to open file: %s", Error);
            return false;
        }
    }

    Stream->time_base = CodecContext->time_base;
    if ((ErrorCode = avformat_write_header(FormatContext, NULL)) < 0)
    {
        char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
        Log("Failed to write header: %s", Error);
        return false;
    }

    CodecContext->time_base = Stream->time_base;

    av_dump_format(FormatContext, 0, FileName, 1);

    // create the frame
    {
        Frame = av_frame_alloc();
        if (!Frame)
        {
            Log("Could not allocate video frame");
            return false;
        }
        Frame->format = CodecContext->pix_fmt;
        Frame->width = CodecContext->width;
        Frame->height = CodecContext->height;

        ErrorCode = av_frame_get_buffer(Frame, 32);
        if (ErrorCode < 0)
        {
            char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
            Log("Could not allocate the video frame data: %s", Error);
            return false;
        }
    }

    // create a color converter
    {
        ColorConverter = sws_getContext(CodecContext->width, CodecContext->height, AV_PIX_FMT_BGRA,
                                        CodecContext->width, CodecContext->height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, 0, 0, 0, 0);
        if (!ColorConverter)
        {
            Log("Could not allocate color converter");
            return false;
        }
    }

    bInitialized = true;
    return true;
}

bool FMovieMaker::RecordFrame(uint8_t* BGRAData)
{
    if (!bInitialized)
    {
        Log("Cannot record frames on an uninitialized Video Recorder");
        return false;
    }

    /*make sure the frame data is writable */
    int ErrorCode = av_frame_make_writable(Frame);
    if (ErrorCode < 0)
    {
        char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
        Log("Could not make the frame writable: %s", Error);
        return false;
    }

    /* convert the bgra bitmap data into yuv frame data */
    int inLinesize[1] = { 4 * CodecContext->width }; // RGB stride
    sws_scale(ColorConverter, &BGRAData, inLinesize, 0, CodecContext->height, Frame->data, Frame->linesize);

    //Frame->pts = RecordedFrames++;
    Frame->pts = CodecContext->time_base.den / CodecContext->time_base.num * CodecContext->framerate.den / CodecContext->framerate.num * (RecordedFrames++);
    //The following assumes that codecContext->time_base = (AVRational){1, 1};
    //Frame->pts = frameduration * (RecordedFrames++) * Stream->time_base.den / (Stream->time_base.num * fps);
    //Frame->pts += av_rescale_q(1, CodecContext->time_base, Stream->time_base);

    return EncodeFrame(false);
}

bool FMovieMaker::EncodeFrame(bool bFinalize)
{
    /* send the frame to the encoder */
    int ErrorCode = avcodec_send_frame(CodecContext, bFinalize ? nullptr : Frame);
    if (ErrorCode < 0)
    {
        char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
        av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
        Log("Error sending a frame for encoding: %s", Error);
        return false;
    }

    AVPacket Packet;
    av_init_packet(&Packet);
    Packet.data = NULL;
    Packet.size = 0;
    Packet.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
    Packet.pts = Frame->pts;

    if (avcodec_receive_packet(CodecContext, &Packet) == 0)
    {
        //std::cout << "pkt key: " << (Packet.flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) << " " << Packet.size << " " << (counter++) << std::endl;
        uint8_t* size = ((uint8_t*)Packet.data);
        //std::cout << "first: " << (int)size[0] << " " << (int)size[1] << " " << (int)size[2] << " " << (int)size[3] << " " << (int)size[4] << " " << (int)size[5] << " " << (int)size[6] << " " << (int)size[7] << std::endl;

        av_interleaved_write_frame(FormatContext, &Packet);
        av_packet_unref(&Packet);
    }

    return true;
}

bool FMovieMaker::Finalize()
{
    if (!bInitialized)
    {
        Log("Cannot finalize uninitialized Video Recorder");
        return false;
    }

    //DELAYED FRAMES
    AVPacket Packet;
    av_init_packet(&Packet);
    Packet.data = NULL;
    Packet.size = 0;

    for (;;)
    {
        avcodec_send_frame(CodecContext, NULL);
        if (avcodec_receive_packet(CodecContext, &Packet) == 0)
        {
            av_interleaved_write_frame(FormatContext, &Packet);
            av_packet_unref(&Packet);
        }
        else
            break;
    }

    av_write_trailer(FormatContext);
    if (!(OutputFormat->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
    {
        int ErrorCode = avio_close(FormatContext->pb);
        if (ErrorCode < 0)
        {
            char Error[AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE];
            av_make_error_string(Error, AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE, ErrorCode);
            Log("Failed to close file: %s", Error);
        }
    }

    if (Frame)
    {
        av_frame_free(&Frame);
        Frame = nullptr;
    }

    if (CodecContext)
    {
        avcodec_free_context(&CodecContext);
        CodecContext = nullptr;
    }

    if (FormatContext)
    {
        avformat_free_context(FormatContext);
        FormatContext = nullptr;
    }

    if (ColorConverter)
    {
        sws_freeContext(ColorConverter);
        ColorConverter = nullptr;
    }

    bInitialized = false;
    return true;
}

void FMovieMaker::Log(const char* fmt, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    fprintf(stderr, "LOG: ");
    va_start(args, fmt);
    vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args);
    va_end(args);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
}


  



  Main.cpp

  



  #include "MovieMaker.h"

uint8_t FtoB(float x)
{
    if (x <= 0.0f)
        return 0;
    if (x >= 1.0f)
        return 255;
    else
        return (uint8_t)(x * 255.0f);
}

void SetPixelColor(float X, float Y, float Width, float Height, float t, uint8_t* BGRA)
{
    t += 12.0f; // more interesting colors at this time

    float P[2] = { 0.1f * X - 25.0f, 0.1f * Y - 25.0f };
    float V = sqrtf(P[0] * P[0] + P[1] * P[1]);
    BGRA[0] = FtoB(sinf(V + t / 0.78f));
    BGRA[1] = FtoB(sinf(V + t / 10.0f));
    BGRA[2] = FtoB(sinf(V + t / 36e2f));
    BGRA[3] = 255;
}

int main()
{
    FMovieMaker MovieMaker;

    const char* FileName = "C:\\ffmpeg\\MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4";
    int Width = 640;
    int Height = 480;
    int FPS = 30;
    int BitRateKBS = 2000;

    if (MovieMaker.Initialize(FileName, Width, Height, FPS, BitRateKBS))
    {
        int Size = Width * 4 * Height;
        uint8_t* BGRAData = new uint8_t[Size];
        memset(BGRAData, 255, Size);

        for (float Frame = 0; Frame < 60; Frame++)
        {
            // fill the image data with something interesting
            for (float Y = 0; Y < Height; Y++)
            {
                for (float X = 0; X < Width; X++)
                {
                    SetPixelColor(X, Y, (float)Width, (float)Height, Frame / (float)FPS, &BGRAData[(int)(Y * Width + X) * 4]);
                }
            }

            if (!MovieMaker.RecordFrame(BGRAData))
                break;
        }

        delete[] BGRAData;

        MovieMaker.Finalize();
    }
}


  



  If I have the lines that add the AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER flag like shown above, I get all sorts of issues in the output from ffprobe MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4.

  



  C:\ffmpeg>ffprobe MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4
ffprobe version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2007-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20200122
  configuration: --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] decode_slice_header error
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] no frame!
...
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] decode_slice_header error
[h264 @ 000001d44b795b00] no frame!
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d44b783880] decoding for stream 0 failed
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000001d44b783880] Could not find codec parameters for stream 0 (Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 20528 kb/s): unspecified pixel format
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' and 'probesize' options
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
  Duration: 00:00:01.97, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 20529 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 20528 kb/s, 30.51 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 30720 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler


  



  Without adding the AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER flag, I get a clean output from ffprobe, but the video still doesn't play. Notice it thinks the frame rate is 30.51, I'm not sure why.

  



  C:\ffmpeg>ffprobe MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4
ffprobe version 4.2.2 Copyright (c) 2007-2019 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 9.2.1 (GCC) 20200122
  configuration: --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libdav1d --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libmysofa --enable-libspeex --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libmfx --enable-amf --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-nvdec --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libopenmpt
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'MyMovieMakerMovie.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
  Duration: 00:00:01.97, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 20530 kb/s
    Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 640x480, 20528 kb/s, 30.51 fps, 30 tbr, 15360 tbn, 60 tbc (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler