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• ffmpeg streaming UDP port is closed [closed]

  26 décembre 2023, par BrilliantContract

  I'm trying to use ffmpeg in order to transcode RTSP stream from CCTV to HLS stream so it could be accessed through a web server.

  


  ffmpeg used to stream video from CCTV with following command

  


  $ ffmpeg -i "rtsp://cam-1.loc:554?user=admin&password=admin&channel=1&stream=0" -hls_time 3 -hls_wrap 10 -f mpegts udp://localhost:6601
ffmpeg version 4.2.8 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --docdir=/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --extra-ldflags='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld ' --extra-cflags=' ' --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3 --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gcrypt --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libcdio --enable-libdrm --enable-libjack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-nvenc --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-libsrt --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-version3 --enable-vapoursynth --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzvbi --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-libmodplug --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-libmfx --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] getaddrinfo(cam-1.loc): Name or service not known
Guessed Channel Layout for Input Stream #0.1 : mono
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://cam-1.loc:554?user=admin&password=admin&channel=1&stream=0':
  Metadata:
    title           : RTSP Session
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main), yuv420p(progressive), 1920x1080, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 90k tbn, 50 tbc
    Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, mono, s16, 64 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> mpeg2video (native))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_alaw (native) -> mp2 (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
Output #0, mpegts, to 'udp://localhost:6601':
  Metadata:
    title           : RTSP Session
    encoder         : Lavf58.29.100
    Stream #0:0: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p, 1920x1080, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps, 90k tbn, 25 tbc
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.54.100 mpeg2video
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/200000 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
    Stream #0:1: Audio: mp2, 16000 Hz, mono, s16, 160 kb/s
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc58.54.100 mp2
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packette=5338.9kbits/s dup=0 drop=5 speed=1.12x    
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 3 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 6 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 6 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 4 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 6 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 6 packets
[h264 @ 0x5576c7993c80] concealing 972 DC, 972 AC, 972 MV errors in I frame
rtsp://cam-1.loc:554?user=admin&password=admin&channel=1&stream=0: corrupt decoded frame in stream 0=1.11x    
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packette=5298.4kbits/s dup=0 drop=5 speed=1.02x    
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 2 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 4 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 3 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 4 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 5 packets
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] max delay reached. need to consume packet
[rtsp @ 0x5576c7340600] RTP: missed 2 packets
[h264 @ 0x5576c779b9c0] cabac decode of qscale diff failed at 66 60
[h264 @ 0x5576c779b9c0] error while decoding MB 66 60, bytestream 9825
[h264 @ 0x5576c779b9c0] concealing 943 DC, 943 AC, 943 MV errors in I frame
rtsp://cam-1.loc:554?user=admin&password=admin&channel=1&stream=0: corrupt decoded frame in stream 0=1.02x    
frame= 1315 fps= 25 q=31.0 Lsize=   34249kB time=00:00:53.32 bitrate=5261.8kbits/s dup=0 drop=5 speed=1.02x    
video:30544kB audio:1042kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 8.431973%


  


  nmap used to check if 6601 port is open

  


  $ nmap -Pn localhost -p 6601
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-12-26 10:47 UTC
Nmap scan report for localhost (127.0.0.1)
Host is up (0.0011s latency).
Other addresses for localhost (not scanned): ::1

PORT     STATE  SERVICE
6601/tcp closed mstmg-sstp

Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds


  


  However, ffplayer able to play video stream

  


  ffplay udp://localhost:6601
ffplay version 4.2.8 Copyright (c) 2003-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --docdir=/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --extra-ldflags='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld ' --extra-cflags=' ' --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3 --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gcrypt --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libcdio --enable-libdrm --enable-libjack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-nvenc --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-libsrt --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-version3 --enable-vapoursynth --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzvbi --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-libmodplug --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-libmfx --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[mpeg2video @ 0x7f1ad854afc0] Invalid frame dimensions 0x0. f=0/0   
    Last message repeated 7 times
Input #0, mpegts, from 'udp://localhost:6601':0KB sq=    0B f=0/0   
  Duration: N/A, start: 59.288000, bitrate: N/A
  Program 1 
    Metadata:
      service_name    : RTSP Session
      service_provider: FFmpeg
    Stream #0:0[0x100]: Video: mpeg2video (Main) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p(tv, progressive), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 90k tbn, 50 tbc
    Stream #0:1[0x101]: Audio: mp2 ([4][0][0][0] / 0x0004), 16000 Hz, mono, s16p, 160 kb/s


  


  VLC cannot play the video stream :

  


  vlc udp://localhost:6601
VLC media player 3.0.18 Vetinari (revision )
[000055769aa81ba0] main libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
Warning: Ignoring XDG_SESSION_TYPE=wayland on Gnome. Use QT_QPA_PLATFORM=wayland to run on Wayland anyway.
[00007fec64011e90] mjpeg demux error: cannot peek


  


  ffprobe output

  


  ffprobe udp://localhost:6601
ffprobe version 4.2.8 Copyright (c) 2007-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 8 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --docdir=/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --extra-ldflags='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld ' --extra-cflags=' ' --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3 --enable-bzlib --disable-crystalhd --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gcrypt --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libcdio --enable-libdrm --enable-libjack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libmp3lame --enable-nvenc --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-libsrt --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libssh --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-version3 --enable-vapoursynth --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libzimg --enable-libzvbi --enable-avfilter --enable-avresample --enable-libmodplug --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-libmfx --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      56. 31.100 / 56. 31.100
  libavcodec     58. 54.100 / 58. 54.100
  libavformat    58. 29.100 / 58. 29.100
  libavdevice    58.  8.100 / 58.  8.100
  libavfilter     7. 57.100 /  7. 57.100
  libavresample   4.  0.  0 /  4.  0.  0
  libswscale      5.  5.100 /  5.  5.100
  libswresample   3.  5.100 /  3.  5.100
  libpostproc    55.  5.100 / 55.  5.100
[mpeg2video @ 0x55e1be0910c0] Invalid frame dimensions 0x0.
    Last message repeated 9 times
Input #0, mpegts, from 'udp://localhost:6601':
  Duration: N/A, start: 262.760000, bitrate: N/A
  Program 1 
    Metadata:
      service_name    : RTSP Session
      service_provider: FFmpeg
    Stream #0:0[0x100]: Video: mpeg2video (Main) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p(tv, progressive), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 25 fps, 25 tbr, 90k tbn, 50 tbc
    Stream #0:1[0x101]: Audio: mp2 ([4][0][0][0] / 0x0004), 16000 Hz, mono, s16p, 160 kb/s


  


  Why the video stream is not playing in VLC ?

  


  Why nmap do not see that UPD port is open ?

  


• 5-Step Conversion Rate Optimisation Checklist

  27 octobre 2023, par Erin

  Did you know the average conversion rate across e-commerce businesses in August 2023 was 2.03% ? In the past year, conversion rates have increased by 0.39%.

  Make no mistake. Just because conversion rates are higher this year doesn’t make it any easier to convert visitors.

  Cracking the secrets to improving conversion rates is crucial to running a successful website or business.

  Your site is the digital headquarters all of your marketing efforts funnel toward. With every visitor comes an opportunity to convert them into a lead (or sale).

  Keep reading if you want to improve your lead generation or convert more visitors into customers. In this article, we’ll break down a simple five-step conversion rate optimisation checklist you need to follow to maximise your conversions.

  What is conversion rate optimisation ?

  Before we dive into the steps you need to follow to optimise your conversions, let’s back up and talk conversion rate optimisation.

  

  Conversion rate optimisation, or CRO for short, is the process of increasing the number of website visitors who take a specific action. 

  In most cases, this means :

  • Turning more visitors into leads by getting them to join an email list
  • Convincing a visitor to fill out a contact form for a consultation
  • Converting a visitor into a paying customer by purchasing a product

  However, conversion rate optimisation can be used for any action you want someone to take on your site. That could be downloading a free guide, clicking on a specific link, commenting on a blog post or sharing your website with a friend.

  Why following a CRO checklist is important

  Conversion rate optimisation is both a valuable practice and an absolute necessity for any business or marketer. While it can be a bit complex, especially when you start diving into A/B testing, there are a variety of advantages :

  Get the most out of your efforts

  When all is said and done, if you can’t convert the traffic already coming to your site, dumping a ton of time and resources into traffic generation (whether paid or organic) won’t solve your problem.

  Instead, you need to look at the root of the problem : your conversion rate.

  By doubling down on conversions and following a conversion rate optimisation checklist, you’ll get the greatest result for the effort you’re already putting into your site.

  Increase audience size

  To increase your audience size, you need to increase your traffic, right ? Not exactly.

  While your audience may be considered people who have seen your content or follow you on social media, a high-value audience is one you can market to directly on an ongoing basis.

  Your website gives you the playground to convert visitors into high-value audience members. This is done by creating conversion-focused email signup forms and optimising your website for sale conversions.

  Generate more sales

  Boosting sales through CRO is the core objective. By optimising product pages, simplifying the checkout process, and employing persuasive strategies, you can systematically increase your sales and maximise the value of your existing traffic.

  Reduce customer acquisition costs (CAC)

  With conversion optimisation, you can convert a higher percentage of your website visitors into paid customers. Even if you don’t spend more on acquiring new customers, you’ll be able to generate more sales overall. 

  The result is that your customer acquisition costs will drop, allowing you to increase your total acquisitions to your customer base.

  Improve profitability

  While reduced customer acquisition costs mean you can pour more money into customer acquisition at a cheaper rate, you could simply maintain your costs while driving sales, resulting in increased profitability.

  If you can spend the same amount on acquisition but bring in 20% more customers (due to using a CRO checklist), your profit margins will automatically increase.

  5-step CRO checklist

  To double down on conversion rate optimisation, you need to follow a checklist to ensure you don’t miss any major optimisation opportunities.

  The checklist below is designed to help you systematically optimise your website, ensuring you make the most of your traffic by continuously refining its performance.

  1. Forms

  Analysing and optimising your website’s forms is crucial for enhancing conversion rates. Understanding how visitors interact with your forms can uncover pain points and help you streamline the conversion process.

  Ever wonder where your visitors drop off on your forms ? It could be due to lengthy, time-consuming fields or overly complex forms, leading to a frustrating user experience and lower conversion rate. Whatever the reason, you need the right tools to uncover the root of the issue.

  By leveraging Form Analytics, you gain powerful insights into user behaviour and can identify areas where people may encounter difficulties.

  Form Analytics provides the insights to discover :

  • Average time spent on each field : This metric helps you understand where users may be struggling or spending too much time. By optimising these fields, you can streamline the form, reduce user frustration and increase conversions.
  • Identifying drop-off points : Understanding where users drop off provides insights into which form fields may need improvement. Addressing these drop-off points can increase the conversion rate.
  • Unneeded fields with a high blank submission rate : Discovering fields left blank upon submission can highlight areas for simplification. By eliminating unnecessary fields, you can create more concise and user-friendly forms that may entice more visitors to engage with the form.

  

  Hear first-hand how Concrete CMS achieve 3x more leads with insights from Form Analytics. 

  These data-driven insights empower you to optimise your forms, remove guesswork and settle debates about form design. By fine-tuning and streamlining your forms, you can ensure a smoother path to conversion and maximise your success in converting more visitors.

  Try Matomo for Free

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  2. Copywriting

  Another crucial element you need to test is your copywriting. Your copywriting is the foundation of your entire website. It helps communicate to your audience what you have to offer and why they need to take action.

  You need to ensure you have a good offer. This isn’t just the product or service you’re putting out there. It’s the complete package. It includes the product, rewards, a unique guarantee, customer service, packaging and promotions.

  Start testing your copy with your headlines. Look at the headers and test different phrases to convert more potential customers into paying customers.

  Here are a few tips to optimise your copy for more conversions :

  • Ensure copy is relevant to your headline and vice versa.
  • Write short words, short sentences and short paragraphs.
  • Use bullets and subheaders to make the copy easy to skim.
  • Don’t focus too heavily on optimising for search engines (SEO). Instead, write for humans.
  • Focus on writing about benefits, not features.
  • Write about how your offer solves the pain points of your audience.

  You can test your copy in several areas once you’ve begun testing your headers – your subheaders, body copy, signup forms and product pages (if you’re e-commerce).

  3. Media : videos and audio

  Next, testing out different media types is crucial. This means incorporating videos and audio into your content.

  Don’t just take a random guess by throwing stuff against the wall, hoping it sticks. Instead, you should use data to develop impactful content.

  Look at your Media Analytics reports in your website analytics solution and see what media people spend the most time on. See what kind of video or audio content already impacts conversions.

  

  Humans are highly visual. You should craft your content so it’s easy to digest. Instead of covering your website in huge chunks of text, split up your copy with engaging content like videos.

  High-quality videos and audio recordings allow your readers to consume more of your content easily, and help persuade them to take action on your site.

  4. Calls to action (CTA)

  This brings us to our next point : your call to action (CTA).

  Are you trying to convert more prospects into leads ? Want to turn more leads into customers ? Trying to get more email subscribers ? Or do you want to generate more sales every month ?

  You could write the most compelling offer flooded with beautiful images, videos and CRO tactics. But your efforts will go to waste if you don’t include a compelling CTA.

  

  Here are a few tips to optimise your CTAs :

  • Keep them congruent on a single web page (e.g., don’t sell a hat and a sweater on the same page, as it can be confusing).
  • Place at least one CTA above the fold on your web pages.
  • Include benefits in your CTA. Rather than “Buy Now,” try “Buy Now to Get 30% Off.”
  • It’s better to be clear and concise than too fancy and unique.

  Optimising your call to action isn’t just about your copywriting. It’s also about design. Test different fonts, sizes, and visual elements like borders, icons and background colours.

  5. Web design

  Your site design will impact how well your visitors convert. You could have incredible copywriting, but if your site is laid out poorly, it will drive people away.

  You must ensure your copy and visual content fit your website design well.

  The first place you need to start with your site is your homepage design.

  Your site design consists of the theme or template, colour scheme and other visual elements that can be optimised to improve conversions.

  Here are a few tips to keep in mind when optimising your website design :

  • Use a colour scheme that’s pleasant rather than too distracting or extreme.
  • Ensure your design doesn’t remove the text’s clarity but makes it easier to read.
  • When in doubt, start with black text on a white background (the opposite rarely works).
  • Keep plenty of whitespace in between design elements.
  • When in doubt about font size, start by testing a larger size.
  • Design mobile-first rather than desktop-first.

  Finally, it’s critical to ensure your website is easy to navigate. Good design is all about the user experience. Is it easy to find what they’re looking for ? Simplify steps to reduce the need to click, and your conversions will increase.

  Start optimising your website for conversions

  If you’re looking to get the most out of the traffic on your site by converting more visitors into leads or customers, following this 5-step CRO checklist will help you take steps in the right direction.

  Just remember conversion rate optimisation is an ongoing process. It’s not a one-time deal. To succeed, you need to test quickly, analyse the impact and do more of what’s working and less of what’s not.

  To optimise your website for better conversion rates, you need the right tools that provide accurate data and insights to effectively increase conversions. With Matomo, you gain access to web analytics and CRO features like Form Analytics and Media Analytics, designed to enhance your conversion rate optimisation efforts. 

  Try Matomo free for 21 days and take your conversion rate to the next level. No credit card required.

  Try Matomo for Free

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• ffmpeg command not working from bash script but working from command line [duplicate]

  6 octobre 2023, par SamTech

  I wrote a bash script that is generating command to encode video and create HLS playlist.

  


  Here is the script. To make it short and clear, i fill variables with hard-coded values.

  


  #!/bin/bash

# below variables are generated from some other script

basic="-hide_banner -y -i Sample.mp4 -profile:v main -crf 20 -sc_threshold 0 -g 50 -keyint_min 50 -hls_time 6"

renditions="-c:v:0 h264 -filter:v:0 scale=w=426:h=240:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:0 128k -maxrate:v:0 136k -bufsize:v:0 192k -c:v:1 h264 -filter:v:1 scale=w=640:h=360:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:1 256k -maxrate:v:1 273k -bufsize:v:1 384k -b:a 128k -c:a aac -ar 48000 -ac 2"

mapping="-map 0:v -map 0:v -map 0:a"
stream_map="-var_stream_map \"v:0,agroup:audio v:1,agroup:audio a:0,agroup:audio\""

hls="-hls_list_size 0 -f hls -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_segment_type mpegts -master_pl_name master.m3u8 -y %v_seg.m3u8"

# show final command
echo "Command:"
echo "ffmpeg ${basic} ${renditions} ${mapping} ${stream_map} ${hls}"

# execute command
ffmpeg ${basic} ${renditions} ${mapping} ${stream_map} ${hls}


  


  Here is complete output from the script, along with the error it is giving.

  


  [samtech@SAM tmp]$ ./hls-debug.sh 
Command:
ffmpeg -hide_banner -y -i Sample.mp4 -profile:v main -crf 20 -sc_threshold 0 -g 50 -keyint_min 50 -hls_time 10 -c:v:0 h264 -filter:v:0 scale=w=426:h=240:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:0 128k -maxrate:v:0 136k -bufsize:v:0 192k -c:v:1 h264 -filter:v:1 scale=w=640:h=360:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:1 256k -maxrate:v:1 273k -bufsize:v:1 384k -b:a 128k -c:a aac -ar 48000 -ac 2 -map 0:v -map 0:v -map 0:a -var_stream_map "v:0,agroup:audio v:1,agroup:audio a:0,agroup:audio" -hls_list_size 0 -f hls -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_segment_type mpegts -master_pl_name master.m3u8 -y %v_seg.m3u8
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x562fabc34480] Could not find codec parameters for stream 0 (Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 997 kb/s): unspecified pixel format
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'Sample.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf60.3.100
  Duration: 00:00:31.00, start: 0.002000, bitrate: 1146 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 997 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 12800 tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, 5.1, fltp, 383 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
[NULL @ 0x562fabc69680] Unable to find a suitable output format for 'v:1,agroup:audio'
v:1,agroup:audio: Invalid argument


  


  And here is output when i copy command and run in terminal

  


  [samtech@SAM tmp]$ ffmpeg -hide_banner -y -i Sample.mp4 -profile:v main -crf 20 -sc_threshold 0 -g 50 -keyint_min 50 -hls_time 10 -c:v:0 h264 -filter:v:0 scale=w=426:h=240:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:0 128k -maxrate:v:0 136k -bufsize:v:0 192k -c:v:1 h264 -filter:v:1 scale=w=640:h=360:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease -b:v:1 256k -maxrate:v:1 273k -bufsize:v:1 384k -b:a 128k -c:a aac -ar 48000 -ac 2 -map 0:v -map 0:v -map 0:a -var_stream_map "v:0,agroup:audio v:1,agroup:audio a:0,agroup:audio" -hls_list_size 0 -f hls -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_segment_type mpegts -master_pl_name master.m3u8 -y %v_seg.m3u8
[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x55eeed0c7500] Could not find codec parameters for stream 0 (Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 997 kb/s): unspecified pixel format
Consider increasing the value for the 'analyzeduration' (0) and 'probesize' (5000000) options
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'Sample.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf60.3.100
  Duration: 00:00:31.00, start: 0.002000, bitrate: 1146 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und): Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 640x480, 997 kb/s, SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 12800 tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, 5.1, fltp, 383 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:1 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:2 (aac (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] profile Main, level 1.3, 4:2:0, 8-bit
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] 264 - core 164 r3095 baee400 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2022 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x1:0x111 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=7 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=50 keyint_min=26 scenecut=0 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=20.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 vbv_maxrate=136 vbv_bufsize=192 crf_max=0.0 nal_hrd=none filler=0 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] profile Main, level 2.1, 4:2:0, 8-bit
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] 264 - core 164 r3095 baee400 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2022 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x1:0x111 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=11 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=50 keyint_min=26 scenecut=0 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=20.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 vbv_maxrate=273 vbv_bufsize=384 crf_max=0.0 nal_hrd=none filler=0 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
[mpegts @ 0x55eef094a180] frame size not set
Output #0, hls, to '%v_seg.m3u8':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : isom
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
    encoder         : Lavf60.3.100
  Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264, yuv420p(tv, progressive), 320x240 [SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 128 kb/s, 25 fps, 90k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.3.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 136000/0/128000 buffer size: 192000 vbv_delay: N/A
  Stream #0:1(und): Video: h264, yuv420p(tv, progressive), 480x360 [SAR 1:1 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 256 kb/s, 25 fps, 90k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.3.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 273000/0/256000 buffer size: 384000 vbv_delay: N/A
  Stream #0:2(und): Audio: aac (LC), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc60.3.100 aac
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '0_seg0.ts' for writing10.98 bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=11.2x    
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '1_seg0.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '2_seg0.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '0_seg1.ts' for writing17.53 bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=11.8x    
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '1_seg1.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '2_seg1.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '0_seg2.ts' for writing28.75 bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=11.6x    
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '1_seg2.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '2_seg2.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '0_seg3.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '0_seg.m3u8' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '1_seg3.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '1_seg.m3u8' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '2_seg3.ts' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening '2_seg.m3u8' for writing
[hls @ 0x55eeed0fc700] Opening 'master.m3u8' for writing
frame=  775 fps=264 q=-1.0 Lq=-1.0 size=N/A time=00:00:30.97 bitrate=N/A dup=370 drop=0 speed=10.6x    
video:1227kB audio:489kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] frame I:16    Avg QP:17.53  size:  9672
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] frame P:328   Avg QP:20.42  size:   690
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] frame B:431   Avg QP:18.51  size:   125
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] consecutive B-frames: 20.6% 13.2%  7.4% 58.8%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] mb I  I16..4: 33.1%  0.0% 66.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] mb P  I16..4:  0.8%  0.0%  2.4%  P16..4: 15.3%  7.5%  4.3%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:69.7%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] mb B  I16..4:  0.1%  0.0%  0.0%  B16..8: 10.8%  1.7%  0.4%  direct: 0.4%  skip:86.6%  L0:40.4% L1:51.0% BI: 8.7%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 70.8% 80.4% 61.6% inter: 3.8% 4.7% 0.5%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] i16 v,h,dc,p: 17% 39% 23% 21%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 15% 26% 18%  7%  7%  6%  7%  6%  7%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 44% 31% 14% 11%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] ref P L0: 73.7% 16.3%  7.4%  2.6%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] ref B L0: 94.3%  4.9%  0.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] ref B L1: 98.3%  1.7%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed0ff5c0] kb/s:112.27
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] frame I:16    Avg QP:15.14  size: 18394
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] frame P:260   Avg QP:19.00  size:  1507
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] frame B:499   Avg QP:18.80  size:   269
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] consecutive B-frames:  9.7% 11.4%  6.2% 72.8%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] mb I  I16..4: 36.5%  0.0% 63.5%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] mb P  I16..4:  1.2%  0.0%  3.1%  P16..4: 15.5%  7.1%  3.2%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:69.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] mb B  I16..4:  0.1%  0.0%  0.1%  B16..8: 11.4%  1.6%  0.3%  direct: 0.4%  skip:86.2%  L0:39.1% L1:53.5% BI: 7.4%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 65.1% 75.8% 54.1% inter: 3.1% 4.5% 0.3%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] i16 v,h,dc,p: 35% 27% 12% 26%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 18% 25% 15%  7%  8%  7%  8%  6%  6%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] i8c dc,h,v,p: 46% 29% 14% 11%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] ref P L0: 71.6% 15.9%  8.6%  3.9%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] ref B L0: 93.9%  4.6%  1.5%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] ref B L1: 98.3%  1.7%
[libx264 @ 0x55eeed106f40] kb/s:211.68
[aac @ 0x55eeed1009c0] Qavg: 401.380


  


  What the wrong is going with that script ?

  


  I am pulling my hairs from last few hours because of it, anyone help please.