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Safari sends excessive HTTP range requests during HTML5 MOV playback
28 mai, par LucyI am currently developing a web application based on React and Next.js, and I use the react-player library to play user-uploaded videos stored on AWS S3. The supported upload video formats are mp4, mov, and mkv, with codecs including H.264 or H.265 (HEVC).


Problem


However, some
H.264videos in themovformat exhibit noticeably poor playback performance only in the Safari browser. The videos do not play smoothly and frequently experience stuttering or delays.

How Safari Handles Range Requests (As I Understand It) :


- 

- Safari first sends a normal GET request to check if the server supports Range requests. If the server responds with the header Accept-Ranges : bytes, Safari closes the connection.
- Then, Safari sends a very small range request like Range : bytes=0-1 to confirm it receives a 206 Partial Content response.
- Next, Safari requests some parts from the beginning and the end of the file to locate metadata such as the moov atom in MP4 files.
- After that, actual streaming begins, but Safari does not request the entire file at once ; instead, it divides the needed parts into multiple small Range requests.










Example of Actual Problematic Requests


Below are some of the Range requests Safari makes for the problematic
.movvideo (H.264 codec) :

# Request - 1
Connection: keep-alive
Range: bytes=0-1

# Response
HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename*=utf-8''test.mov
Content-Length: 2
Content-Range: bytes 0-1/102801747
Content-Type: video/quicktime

-------------------------------------
# Request - 2
Connection: Keep-Alive
Range: bytes=0-102801746

# Response
HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename*=utf-8''test.mov
Content-Length: 102801747
Content-Range: bytes 0-102801746/102801747
Content-Type: video/quicktime

-------------------------------------
# Request - 3
Connection: Keep-Alive
Range: bytes=102760448-102801746

# Response - 3
HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename*=utf-8''test.mov
Content-Length: 41299
Content-Range: bytes 102760448-102801746/102801747
Content-Type: video/quicktime

-------------------------------------
# Request - 4
Connection: keep-alive
Range: bytes=3014656-3080191 # 64KB

# Response - 4
HTTP/1.1 206 Partial Content
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename*=utf-8''IMG_7929.mov
Content-Length: 65536
Content-Range: bytes 3014656-3080191/102801747
Content-Type: video/quicktime


Safari continues to send hundreds of similar small Range requests repeatedly, gradually downloading the file.


This causes increased network load, which ultimately leads to video stuttering or playback delays.


Example of another
.movfile that works properly :

In contrast, another .mov video using the same format and codec (H.264) sends Range requests over much larger byte ranges, downloading about 30MB of data at once. In this case, the video plays smoothly.


# Request 
Connection: Keep-Alive
Range: bytes=1310534-673918954 # Request : 672MB, Actual Downloaded : 32MB

# Response
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Content-Disposition: attachment;filename*=utf-8''mov-example-video-download-4k-uhd-3840x2160.mov
Content-Length: 672608421
Content-Range: bytes 1310534-673918954/673918955
Content-Type: video/quicktime


Question


In Safari, for certain video files, the browser repeatedly closes the connection after receiving only a few kilobytes per request and immediately sends the next request. As a result, dozens or even hundreds of small range requests occur consecutively. This causes increased connection overhead and latency, and although the web server can deliver data at sufficient speed, the player does not receive data in time, leading to poor and stuttering video playback.


- 

- What could be the reason Safari repeatedly makes these very small requests for certain files ?
- Could the internal structure of the video file (such as the moov atom) influence this request pattern ?






f you have any similar experience or advice, please share.


What I'ved tried


- 

- Using
ffmpegto move themoov atomto the beginning of the file with-movflags faststartdoes not resolve the issue — the same problem persists. - Converting the exact same video to MP4 format and testing it results in normal playback without issues.






Test Environment


- 

- Macbook pro 16
- mac OS - Sequoia 15.5
- Safari - Latest








File information


Due to company policy, I am unable to share the problematic video files directly. However, I am attaching the file information obtained via ffprobe for your reference.


ffprobe -v error -show_format -show_streams -print_format json test.mov

{
 "streams": [
 {
 "index": 0,
 "codec_name": "h264",
 "codec_long_name": "H.264 / AVC / MPEG-4 AVC / MPEG-4 part 10",
 "profile": "High",
 "codec_type": "video",
 "codec_tag_string": "avc1",
 "codec_tag": "0x31637661",
 "width": 3840,
 "height": 2160,
 "coded_width": 3840,
 "coded_height": 2160,
 "closed_captions": 0,
 "film_grain": 0,
 "has_b_frames": 0,
 "pix_fmt": "yuv420p",
 "level": 51,
 "color_range": "tv",
 "color_space": "bt709",
 "color_transfer": "bt709",
 "color_primaries": "bt709",
 "chroma_location": "left",
 "field_order": "progressive",
 "refs": 1,
 "is_avc": "true",
 "nal_length_size": "4",
 "id": "0x1",
 "r_frame_rate": "30000/1001",
 "avg_frame_rate": "18200/607",
 "time_base": "1/600",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 10925,
 "duration": "18.208333",
 "bit_rate": "44900923",
 "bits_per_raw_sample": "8",
 "nb_frames": "546",
 "extradata_size": 158,
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Video",
 "vendor_id": "[0][0][0][0]",
 "encoder": "H.264"
 }
 },
 {
 "index": 1,
 "codec_name": "aac",
 "codec_long_name": "AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)",
 "profile": "LC",
 "codec_type": "audio",
 "codec_tag_string": "mp4a",
 "codec_tag": "0x6134706d",
 "sample_fmt": "fltp",
 "sample_rate": "44100",
 "channels": 2,
 "channel_layout": "stereo",
 "bits_per_sample": 0,
 "initial_padding": 0,
 "id": "0x2",
 "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "time_base": "1/44100",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 802988,
 "duration": "18.208345",
 "bit_rate": "187218",
 "nb_frames": "787",
 "extradata_size": 2,
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Audio",
 "vendor_id": "[0][0][0][0]"
 }
 },
 {
 "index": 2,
 "codec_type": "data",
 "codec_tag_string": "mebx",
 "codec_tag": "0x7862656d",
 "id": "0x3",
 "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "time_base": "1/600",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 10925,
 "duration": "18.208333",
 "bit_rate": "4",
 "nb_frames": "1",
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Metadata"
 }
 },
 {
 "index": 3,
 "codec_type": "data",
 "codec_tag_string": "mebx",
 "codec_tag": "0x7862656d",
 "id": "0x4",
 "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "time_base": "1/600",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 10925,
 "duration": "18.208333",
 "bit_rate": "6756",
 "nb_frames": "80",
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Metadata"
 }
 },
 {
 "index": 4,
 "codec_type": "data",
 "codec_tag_string": "mebx",
 "codec_tag": "0x7862656d",
 "id": "0x5",
 "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "time_base": "1/600",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 10925,
 "duration": "18.208333",
 "bit_rate": "50764",
 "nb_frames": "546",
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Metadata"
 }
 },
 {
 "index": 5,
 "codec_type": "data",
 "codec_tag_string": "mebx",
 "codec_tag": "0x7862656d",
 "id": "0x6",
 "r_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "avg_frame_rate": "0/0",
 "time_base": "1/600",
 "start_pts": 0,
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration_ts": 10925,
 "duration": "18.208333",
 "bit_rate": "19",
 "nb_frames": "1",
 "disposition": {
 "default": 1,
 "dub": 0,
 "original": 0,
 "comment": 0,
 "lyrics": 0,
 "karaoke": 0,
 "forced": 0,
 "hearing_impaired": 0,
 "visual_impaired": 0,
 "clean_effects": 0,
 "attached_pic": 0,
 "timed_thumbnails": 0,
 "non_diegetic": 0,
 "captions": 0,
 "descriptions": 0,
 "metadata": 0,
 "dependent": 0,
 "still_image": 0,
 "multilayer": 0
 },
 "tags": {
 "creation_time": "",
 "language": "und",
 "handler_name": "Core Media Metadata"
 }
 }
 ],
 "format": {
 "filename": "test.mov",
 "nb_streams": 6,
 "nb_programs": 0,
 "nb_stream_groups": 0,
 "format_name": "mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2",
 "format_long_name": "QuickTime / MOV",
 "start_time": "0.000000",
 "duration": "18.208345",
 "size": "102801747",
 "bit_rate": "45166871",
 "probe_score": 100,
 "tags": {
 "major_brand": "qt ",
 "minor_version": "0",
 "compatible_brands": "qt ",
 "creation_time": "",
 "com.apple.quicktime.location.accuracy.horizontal": "76.200233",
 "com.apple.quicktime.full-frame-rate-playback-intent": "0",
 "com.apple.quicktime.location.ISO6709": "",
 "com.apple.quicktime.make": "Apple",
 "com.apple.quicktime.model": "iPhone 15 Pro",
 "com.apple.quicktime.software": "18.4.1",
 "com.apple.quicktime.creationdate": ""
 }
 }
}


-
Is ffmpeg a good upscaler from SD to HD ?
15 août 2014, par user3928079Is ffmpeg a good upscaler to convert SD videos to HD ?
I use the AVANTI GUI. I installed it and put the ffmpeg and ffplay exe into the folder ffmpeg in the program folder. What I know is that you can only preserve the detail when you upscale from SD to HD. You don’t really gain any additional information. TV companies like Samsung, Sony, LG, Panasonic, Sharp, and others refuse to think so and push the boundaries of upscaling so that additional information can be added when the image is upscaled from SD to HD and HD to 4K and so on and so forth. I’ve run a test through the AVANTI ffmpeg GUI.
Codec : XVID to H.264
Bitrate : 1640 kbps to 6000 kbps
Resolution : 640x480 to 1440x1080
Format : AVI to M4V
Audio Codec : AC3 to AAC
Audio Bitrate : 192 kbps
Audio Frequency : 48000 Hz
Upscale method : SplineWill this upscale method work in any way with converting SD video to HD video. There’s a lot of SD content out that haven’t made the transition to, or probably never will be, HD.
-
ffmpeg is failing to convert mov files from iPhone 4
11 octobre 2014, par skatI’m having issue with converting mov files from iPhone 4.
Running this command :
I, [2014-09-15T03:48:33.245231 #9676] INFO -- : Running transcoding...
ffmpeg -y -i /Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video/1410727644xqxzdoxf-IMG_0040_1_.MOV -ss 5 -vframes 1 -f image2 /Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video/1410727644xqxzdoxf-IMG_0040_1_-edited.jpg
E, [2014-09-15T03:48:33.321367 #9676] ERROR -- : Failed encoding...
ffmpeg -y -i /Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video /1410727644xqxzdoxf-IMG_0040_1_.MOV -ss 5 -vframes 1 -f image2 /Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video/1410727644xqxzdoxf-IMG_0040_1_-edited.jpgMy ffmpeg gives me errors like this :
FFMPEG::Error: Failed encoding.Errors: no output file created. Full output: ffmpeg version 2.3.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the FFmpeg developers
built on Aug 20 2014 02:23:29 with Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.40) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
configuration: --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/ffmpeg/2.3.1 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-nonfree --enable-hardcoded-tables --enable-avresample --enable-vda --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags= --enable-libx264 --enable-libfaac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libxvid --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx
libavutil 52. 92.100 / 52. 92.100
libavcodec 55. 69.100 / 55. 69.100
libavformat 55. 48.100 / 55. 48.100
libavdevice 55. 13.102 / 55. 13.102
libavfilter 4. 11.100 / 4. 11.100
libavresample 1. 3. 0 / 1. 3. 0
libswscale 2. 6.100 / 2. 6.100
libswresample 0. 19.100 / 0. 19.100
libpostproc 52. 3.100 / 52. 3.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video/1410641311nyv99k1j-IMG_0040_1_.MOV':
Metadata:
major_brand : qt
minor_version : 0
compatible_brands: qt
creation_time : 2014-07-20 09:47:08
model : iPhone 4
model-rus : iPhone 4
encoder : 7.0.4
encoder-rus : 7.0.4
date : 2014-07-20T13:47:08+0400
date-rus : 2014-07-20T13:47:08+0400
make : Apple
make-rus : Apple
Duration: 00:00:01.84, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 827 kb/s
Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (Baseline) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, smpte170m), 480x360, 742 kb/s, 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbr, 600 tbn, 1200 tbc (default)
Metadata:
rotate : 90
creation_time : 2014-07-20 09:47:08
handler_name : Core Media Data Handler
encoder : H.264
Side data:
displaymatrix: rotation of -90.00 degrees
Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 63 kb/s (default)
Metadata:
creation_time : 2014-07-20 09:47:08
handler_name : Core Media Data Handler
[swscaler @ 0x7fe1e9800600] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
Output #0, image2, to '/Users/lun/client/bookagoo/public/uploads/5405e9b0486f75a36c100000/video/1410641311nyv99k1j-IMG_0040_1_-edited.jpg':
Metadata:
major_brand : qt
minor_version : 0
compatible_brands: qt
make-rus : Apple
model : iPhone 4
model-rus : iPhone 4
make : Apple
encoder : Lavf55.48.100
date : 2014-07-20T13:47:08+0400
date-rus : 2014-07-20T13:47:08+0400
Stream #0:0(und): Video: mjpeg, yuvj420p, 480x360, q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbn, 23.98 tbc (default)
Metadata:
rotate : 90
creation_time : 2014-07-20 09:47:08
handler_name : Core Media Data Handler
encoder : Lavc55.69.100 mjpeg
Stream mapping:
Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> mjpeg (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
frame= 0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:00.00 bitrate=N/A
video:0kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Output file is empty, nothing was encoded (check -ss / -t / -frames parameters if used)It’s only happening for mov files. There are couple of tricky places it looks like it’s trying to take screenshot from a video.
Maybe anyone witnessed anything similar and can give me a tip ?
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