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  • FFMPEG error with avformat_open_input returning -135

    28 avril 2015, par LawfulEvil

    I have a DLL one of my applications uses to receive video from RTSP cameras. Under the hood, the DLL uses FFMPEG libs from this release zip :

    ffmpeg-20141022-git-6dc99fd-win64-shared.7z

    We have a wide variety of cameras in house and most of them work just fine. However, on one particular Pelco Model Number : IXE20DN-OCP, I am unable to connect. I tested the camera and rtsp connection string on VLC and it connects to the camera just fine.

    I found the connection string here : http://www.ispyconnect.com/man.aspx?n=Pelco

    rtsp://IPADDRESS:554/1/stream1

    Oddly, even if I leave the port off of VLC, it connects, so I’m guessing its the default RTSP port or that VLC tries a variety of things based on your input.

    In any case, when I attempt to connect, I get an error from av_format_open_input. It returns a code of -135. When I looked in the error code list I didn’t see that listed. For good measure, I printed out all the errors in error.h just to see what their values were.

    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_BSF_NOT_FOUND = -1179861752
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_BUG = -558323010
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL = -1397118274
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_DECODER_NOT_FOUND = -1128613112
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_DEMUXER_NOT_FOUND = -1296385272
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_ENCODER_NOT_FOUND = -1129203192
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_EOF = -541478725
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_EXIT = -1414092869
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_EXTERNAL = -542398533
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_FILTER_NOT_FOUND = -1279870712
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_INVALIDDATA = -1094995529
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_MUXER_NOT_FOUND = -1481985528
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_OPTION_NOT_FOUND = -1414549496
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_PATCHWELCOME = -1163346256
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_PROTOCOL_NOT_FOUND = -1330794744
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_STREAM_NOT_FOUND = -1381258232
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_BUG2 = -541545794
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_UNKNOWN = -1313558101
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_EXPERIMENTAL = -733130664
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_INPUT_CHANGED = -1668179713
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_OUTPUT_CHANGED = -1668179714
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_BAD_REQUEST = -808465656
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_UNAUTHORIZED = -825242872
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_FORBIDDEN = -858797304
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_NOT_FOUND = -875574520
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_OTHER_4XX = -1482175736
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_SERVER_ERROR = -1482175992

    Nothing even close to -135. I did find this error, sort of on stack overflow, here runtime error when linking ffmpeg libraries in qt creator where the author claims it is a DLL loading problem error. I’m not sure what led him to think that, but I followed the advice and used the dependency walker (http://www.dependencywalker.com/) to checkout what dependencies it thought my DLL needed. It listed a few, but they were already provided in my install package.

    To make sure it was picking them up, I manually removed them from the install and observed a radical change in program behavior(that being my DLL didn’t load and start to run at all).

    So, I’ve got a bit of init code :

    void FfmpegInitialize()
    {
    av_lockmgr_register(&LockManagerCb);
    av_register_all();
    LOG_DEBUG0("av_register_all returned\n");
    }

    Then I’ve got my main open connection routine ...

    int RTSPConnect(const char *URL, int width, int height, frameReceived callbackFunction)
    {

       int errCode =0;
       if ((errCode = avformat_network_init()) != 0)
       {
           LOG_ERROR1("avformat_network_init returned error code %d\n", errCode);  
       }
       LOG_DEBUG0("avformat_network_init returned\n");
       //Allocate space and setup the the object to be used for storing all info needed for this connection
       fContextReadFrame = avformat_alloc_context(); // free'd in the Close method

       if (fContextReadFrame == 0)
       {
           LOG_ERROR1("Unable to set rtsp_transport options.   Error code = %d\n", errCode);
           return FFMPEG_OPTION_SET_FAILURE;
       }

       LOG_DEBUG1("avformat_alloc_context returned %p\n", fContextReadFrame);

       AVDictionary *opts = 0;
       if ((errCode = av_dict_set(&opts, "rtsp_transport", "tcp", 0)) < 0)
       {
           LOG_ERROR1("Unable to set rtsp_transport options.   Error code = %d\n", errCode);
           return FFMPEG_OPTION_SET_FAILURE;
       }
       LOG_DEBUG1("av_dict_set returned %d\n", errCode);

       //open rtsp
       DumpErrorCodes();
       if ((errCode = avformat_open_input(&fContextReadFrame, URL, NULL, &opts)) < 0)
       {
           LOG_ERROR2("Unable to open avFormat RF inputs.   URL = %s, and Error code = %d\n", URL, errCode);      
           LOG_ERROR2("Error Code %d = %s\n", errCode, errMsg(errCode));      
           // NOTE context is free'd on failure.
           return FFMPEG_FORMAT_OPEN_FAILURE;
       }
    ...

    To be sure I didn’t misunderstand the error code I printed the error message from ffmpeg but the error isn’t found and my canned error message is returned instead.

    My next step was going to be hooking up wireshark on my connection attempt and on the VLC connection attempt and trying to figure out what differences(if any) are causing the problem and what I can do to ffmpeg to make it work. As I said, I’ve got a dozen other cameras in house that use RTSP and they work with my DLL. Some utilize usernames/passwords/etc as well(so I know that isn’t the problem).

    Also, my run logs :

    FfmpegInitialize - av_register_all returned
    Open - Open called.  Pointers valid, passing control.
    Rtsp::RtspInterface::Open - Rtsp::RtspInterface::Open called
    Rtsp::RtspInterface::Open - VideoSourceString(35) = rtsp://192.168.14.60:554/1/stream1
    Rtsp::RtspInterface::Open - Base URL = (192.168.14.60:554/1/stream1)
    Rtsp::RtspInterface::Open - Attempting to open (rtsp://192.168.14.60:554/1/stream1) for WxH(320x240) video
    RTSPSetFormatH264 - RTSPSetFormatH264
    RTSPConnect - Called
    LockManagerCb - LockManagerCb invoked for op 1
    LockManagerCb - LockManagerCb invoked for op 2
    RTSPConnect - avformat_network_init returned
    RTSPConnect - avformat_alloc_context returned 019E6000
    RTSPConnect - av_dict_set returned 0
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_BSF_NOT_FOUND = -1179861752
    ...
    DumpErrorCodes - Error Code : AVERROR_HTTP_SERVER_ERROR = -1482175992
    RTSPConnect - Unable to open avFormat RF inputs.   URL = rtsp://192.168.14.60:554/1/stream1, and Error code = -135
    RTSPConnect - Error Code -135 = No Error Message Available

    I’m going to move forward with wireshark but would like to know the origin of the -135 error code from ffmpeg. When I look at the code if ’ret’ is getting set to -135, it must be happening as a result of the return code from a helper method and not directly in the avformat_open_input method.

    https://www.ffmpeg.org/doxygen/2.5/libavformat_2utils_8c_source.html#l00398

    After upgrading to the latest daily ffmpeg build, I get data on wireshark. Real Time Streaming Protocol :

    Request: SETUP rtsp://192.168.14.60/stream1/track1 RTSP/1.0\r\n
    Method: SETUP
    URL: rtsp://192.168.14.60/stream1/track1
    Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;interleaved=0-1
    CSeq: 3\r\n
    User-Agent: Lavf56.31.100\r\n
    \r\n

    The response to that is the first ’error’ that I can detect in the initiation.

    Response: RTSP/1.0 461 Unsupported Transport\r\n
    Status: 461
    CSeq: 3\r\n
    Date: Sun, Jan 04 1970 16:03:05 GMT\r\n
    \r\n

    I’m going to guess that... it means the transport we selected was unsupported. I quick check of the code reveals I picked ’tcp’. Looking through the reply to the DESCRIBE command, it appears :

    Media Protocol: RTP/AVP

    Further, when SETUP is issued by ffmpeg, it specifies :

    Transport: RTP/AVP/TCP;unicast;interleaved=0-1

    I’m going to try, on failure here to pick another transport type and see how that works. Still don’t know where the -135 comes from.

  • The 11th Hour RoQ Variation

    12 avril 2012, par Multimedia Mike — Game Hacking, dreamroq, Reverse Engineering, roq, Vector Quantization

    I have been looking at the RoQ file format almost as long as I have been doing practical multimedia hacking. However, I have never figured out how the RoQ format works on The 11th Hour, which was the game for which the RoQ format was initially developed. When I procured the game years ago, I remember finding what appeared to be RoQ files and shoving them through the open source decoders but not getting the right images out.

    I decided to dust off that old copy of The 11th Hour and have another go at it.



    Baseline
    The game consists of 4 CD-ROMs. Each disc has a media/ directory that has a series of files bearing the extension .gjd, likely the initials of one Graeme J. Devine. These are resource files which are merely headerless concatenations of other files. Thus, at first glance, one file might appear to be a single RoQ file. So that’s the source of some of the difficulty : Sending an apparent RoQ .gjd file through a RoQ player will often cause the program to complain when it encounters the header of another RoQ file.

    I have uploaded some samples to the usual place.

    However, even the frames that a player can decode (before encountering a file boundary within the resource file) look wrong.

    Investigating Codebooks Using dreamroq
    I wrote dreamroq last year– an independent RoQ playback library targeted towards embedded systems. I aimed it at a gjd file and quickly hit a codebook error.

    RoQ is a vector quantizer video codec that maintains a codebook of 256 2×2 pixel vectors. In the Quake III and later RoQ files, these are transported using a YUV 4:2:0 colorspace– 4 Y samples, a U sample, and a V sample to represent 4 pixels. This totals 6 bytes per vector. A RoQ codebook chunk contains a field that indicates the number of 2×2 vectors as well as the number of 4×4 vectors. The latter vectors are each comprised of 4 2×2 vectors.

    Thus, the total size of a codebook chunk ought to be (# of 2×2 vectors) * 6 + (# of 4×4 vectors) * 4.

    However, this is not the case with The 11th Hour RoQ files.

    Longer Codebooks And Mystery Colorspace
    Juggling the numbers for a few of the codebook chunks, I empirically determined that the 2×2 vectors are represented by 10 bytes instead of 6. Now I need to determine what exactly these 10 bytes represent.

    I should note that I suspect that everything else about these files lines up with successive generations of the format. For example if a file has 640×320 resolution, that amounts to 40×20 macroblocks. dreamroq iterates through 40×20 8×8 blocks and precisely exhausts the VQ bitstream. So that all looks valid. I’m just puzzled on the codebook format.

    Here is an example codebook dump :

    ID 0x1002, len = 0x0000014C, args = 0x1C0D
      0 : 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 80
      1 : 08 07 00 00 1F 5B 00 00 7E 81
      2 : 00 00 15 0F 00 00 40 3B 7F 84
      3 : 00 00 00 00 3A 5F 18 13 7E 84
      4 : 00 00 00 00 3B 63 1B 17 7E 85
      5 : 18 13 00 00 3C 63 00 00 7E 88
      6 : 00 00 00 00 00 00 59 3B 7F 81
      7 : 00 00 56 23 00 00 61 2B 80 80
      8 : 00 00 2F 13 00 00 79 63 81 83
      9 : 00 00 00 00 5E 3F AC 9B 7E 81
      10 : 1B 17 00 00 B6 EF 77 AB 7E 85
      11 : 2E 43 00 00 C1 F7 75 AF 7D 88
      12 : 6A AB 28 5F B6 B3 8C B3 80 8A
      13 : 86 BF 0A 03 D5 FF 3A 5F 7C 8C
      14 : 00 00 9E 6B AB 97 F5 EF 7F 80
      15 : 86 73 C8 CB B6 B7 B7 B7 85 8B
      16 : 31 17 84 6B E7 EF FF FF 7E 81
      17 : 79 AF 3B 5F FC FF E2 FF 7D 87
      18 : DC FF AE EF B3 B3 B8 B3 85 8B
      19 : EF FF F5 FF BA B7 B6 B7 88 8B
      20 : F8 FF F7 FF B3 B7 B7 B7 88 8B
      21 : FB FF FB FF B8 B3 B4 B3 85 88
      22 : F7 FF F7 FF B7 B7 B9 B7 87 8B
      23 : FD FF FE FF B9 B7 BB B7 85 8A
      24 : E4 FF B7 EF FF FF FF FF 7F 83
      25 : FF FF AC EB FF FF FC FF 7F 83
      26 : CC C7 F7 FF FF FF FF FF 7F 81
      27 : FF FF FE FF FF FF FF FF 80 80
    

    Note that 0x14C (the chunk size) = 332, 0x1C and 0x0D (the chunk arguments — count of 2×2 and 4×4 vectors, respectively) are 28 and 13. 28 * 10 + 13 * 4 = 332, so the numbers check out.

    Do you see any patterns in the codebook ? Here are some things I tried :

    • Treating the last 2 bytes as U & V and treating the first 4 as the 4 Y samples :


    • Treating the last 2 bytes as U & V and treating the first 8 as 4 16-bit little-endian Y samples :


    • Disregarding the final 2 bytes and treating the first 8 bytes as 4 RGB565 pixels (both little- and big-endian, respectively, shown here) :


    • Based on the type of data I’m seeing in these movies (which appears to be intended as overlays), I figured that some of these bits might indicate transparency ; here is 15-bit big-endian RGB which disregards the top bit of each pixel :


    These images are taken from the uploaded sample bdpuz.gjd, apparently a component of the puzzle represented in this screenshot.

    Unseen Types
    It has long been rumored that early RoQ files could contain JPEG images. I finally found one such specimen. One of the files bundled early in the uploaded fhpuz.gjd sample contains a JPEG frame. It’s a standard JFIF file and can easily be decoded after separating the bytes from the resource using ‘dd’. JPEGs serve as intraframes in the coding scheme, with successive RoQ frames moving objects on top.

    However, a new chunk type showed up as well, one identified by 0×1030. I have never encountered this type. Where could I possibly find data about this ? Fortunately, iD Games recently posted all of their open sourced games at Github. Reading through the code for their official RoQ decoder, I see that this is called a RoQ_PACKET. The name and the code behind it are both supremely unhelpful. The code is basically a no-op. The payloads of the various RoQ_PACKETs from one sample are observed to be either 8784, 14752, or 14760 bytes in length. It’s very likely that this serves the same purpose as the JPEG intraframes.

    Other Tidbits
    I read through the readme.txt on the first game disc and found this nugget :

            g)      Animations displayed normally or in SPOOKY MODE
    

    SPOOKY MODE is blue-tinted grayscale with color cursors, puzzle
    and game pieces. It is the preferred display setting of the
    developers at Trilobyte. Just for fun, try out the SPOOKY
    MODE.

    The MobyGames screenshot page has a number of screenshots labeled as being captured in spooky mode. Color tricks ?

    Meanwhile, another twist arose as I kept tweaking dreamroq to deal with more RoQ weirdness : After modifying my dreamroq code to handle these 10-byte vectors, it eventually chokes on another codebook. These codebooks happen to have 6-byte vectors again ! Fortunately, I was already working on a scheme to automatically detect which codebook is in play (plugging the numbers into a formula and seeing which vector size checks out).

  • FFmpeg invalid data found when processing input with D3D11VA and DXVA2 hw acceleration

    6 mai 2023, par grill2010

    I'm currently porting my Android streaming app to Windows and for decoding the h264 video stream I use FFmpeg with possible hardware acceleration. Last two weeks I was reading a lot of documentation and studied a lot of examples on the internet. For my project I use JavaCV which is internally using FFmpeg 5.1.2. On Windows I support D3D11VA, DXVA2 and Cuvid for hardware acceleration (and software decoding as fallback). During testing I noticed that I get some strange artefacts when using D3D11VA or DXVA2 hw acceleration. Upon further investigation I saw that I receive a lot of

    


    "Invalid data found when processing input"

    


    errors when calling avcodec_send_packet. It seems this error only occurs on certain key frames. The error is reproducable all the time. The software decoder or cuvid decoder has absolutely no problem to process and to decode such a frame, so not sure why there should be an invalid data in the frame ? I played around a lot with the decoder configuration but nothing seems to help and at that point I think this is definitely not normal behaviour.

    


    I provided a reproducable example which can be downloaded from here. All the important part is in the App.java class. In addition an example of the code was posted below. The example is trying to decode a key frame. The keyframe data with sps and pps is read from a file in the resource folder of the project.

    


    To run the project just perform a .\gradlew build and afterwards a .\gradlew run. If you run the example the last log message shown in the terminal should be "SUCESS with HW decoding". The hardware decoder can be changed via the HW_DEVICE_TYPE variable in the App.java class. To disable hw acceleration just set the USE_HW_ACCEL to false.

    


    For me everything seems to be correct and I have no idea what could be wrong with the code. I looked a lot on the internet to find the root cause of the issue and I did not really found a solution but other sources which are related to (maybe) the same problem

    


    https://www.mail-archive.com/libav-user@ffmpeg.org/...

    


    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/67307397/ffmpeg-...

    


    I also found another streaming app on Windows which can use D3D11VA and DXVA2 hardware acceleration called Chiaki (it requires a PS4 or a PS5) which seems to have the exact same problem. I used the build provided here. It will fail to decode certain key frames as well when hardware acceleration with D3D11VA or DXVA2 is selected (e.g. the first key frame received by the stream). Chiaki can output the seemingly faulty frame but this is also possible with my example by setting the USE_AV_EF_EXPLODE to false.

    


    Are there any ffmpeg gurus around that can check what's the problem with D3D11VA or DXVA2 ? Anything else that needs to be done to make the D3D11VA and DXVA2 hardware decoder work ? I'm now completly out of ideas and I'm not even sure if this is fixable.

    


    I have Windows 11 installed on my test machine, and I have the latest Nvidea drivers installed.

    


    Edit : here is a shrinked complete example of my project (keyframe file which includes sps and pps can be downloaded from here. It's a hex string file and can be decoded with the provided HexUtil class)

    


    import javafx.application.Application;&#xA;import javafx.scene.Scene;&#xA;import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;&#xA;import javafx.stage.Stage;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVCodec;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVCodecContext;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVCodecHWConfig;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVPacket;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avutil.AVBufferRef;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avutil.AVDictionary;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avutil.AVFrame;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.javacpp.BytePointer;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.javacpp.IntPointer;&#xA;import org.bytedeco.javacv.FFmpegLogCallback;&#xA;import org.tinylog.Logger;&#xA;&#xA;import java.io.IOException;&#xA;import java.io.InputStream;&#xA;import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;&#xA;import java.util.Objects;&#xA;import java.util.function.Consumer;&#xA;&#xA;import static org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVCodecContext.AV_EF_EXPLODE;&#xA;import static org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.avcodec.AVCodecContext.FF_THREAD_SLICE;&#xA;import static org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.global.avcodec.*;&#xA;import static org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.global.avutil.*;&#xA;&#xA;public class App extends Application {&#xA;&#xA;    /**** decoder variables ****/&#xA;&#xA;    private AVHWContextInfo hardwareContext;&#xA;&#xA;    private AVCodec decoder;&#xA;    private AVCodecContext m_VideoDecoderCtx;&#xA;&#xA;    private AVCodecContext.Get_format_AVCodecContext_IntPointer formatCallback;&#xA;    private final int streamResolutionX = 1920;&#xA;    private final int streamResolutionY = 1080;&#xA;&#xA;    // AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_CUDA // example works with cuda&#xA;    // AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_DXVA2 // producing Invalid data found on keyframe&#xA;    // AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_D3D11VA // producing Invalid data found on keyframe&#xA;    private static final int HW_DEVICE_TYPE = AV_HWDEVICE_TYPE_DXVA2;&#xA;&#xA;    private static final boolean USE_HW_ACCEL = true;&#xA;&#xA;    private static final boolean USE_AV_EF_EXPLODE = true;&#xA;&#xA;    public static void main(final String[] args) {&#xA;        //System.setProperty("prism.order", "d3d,sw");&#xA;        System.setProperty("prism.vsync", "false");&#xA;        Application.launch(App.class);&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    @Override&#xA;    public void start(final Stage primaryStage) {&#xA;        final Pane dummyPane = new Pane();&#xA;        dummyPane.setStyle("-fx-background-color: black");&#xA;        final Scene scene = new Scene(dummyPane, this.streamResolutionX, this.streamResolutionY);&#xA;        primaryStage.setScene(scene);&#xA;        primaryStage.show();&#xA;        primaryStage.setMinWidth(480);&#xA;        primaryStage.setMinHeight(360);&#xA;&#xA;        this.initializeFFmpeg(result -> {&#xA;            if (!result) {&#xA;                Logger.error("FFmpeg could not be initialized correctly, terminating program");&#xA;                System.exit(1);&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;            this.performTestFramesFeeding();&#xA;        });&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    private void initializeFFmpeg(final Consumer<boolean> finishHandler) {&#xA;        FFmpegLogCallback.setLevel(AV_LOG_DEBUG); // Increase log level until the first frame is decoded&#xA;        //FFmpegLogCallback.setLevel(AV_LOG_QUIET);&#xA;        this.decoder = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_H264); // usually decoder name is h264 and without hardware support it&#x27;s yuv420p otherwise nv12&#xA;&#xA;        if (this.decoder == null) {&#xA;            Logger.error("Unable to find decoder for format {}", "h264");&#xA;            finishHandler.accept(false);&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;        Logger.info("Current decoder name: {}, {}", this.decoder.name().getString(), this.decoder.long_name().getString());&#xA;&#xA;        if (true) {&#xA;            for (; ; ) {&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx = avcodec_alloc_context3(this.decoder);&#xA;                if (this.m_VideoDecoderCtx == null) {&#xA;                    Logger.error("Unable to find decoder for format AV_CODEC_ID_H264");&#xA;                    if (this.hardwareContext != null) {&#xA;                        this.hardwareContext.free();&#xA;                        this.hardwareContext = null;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    continue;&#xA;                }&#xA;&#xA;                if (App.USE_HW_ACCEL) {&#xA;                    this.hardwareContext = this.createHardwareContext();&#xA;                    if (this.hardwareContext != null) {&#xA;                        Logger.info("Set hwaccel support");&#xA;                        this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.hw_device_ctx(this.hardwareContext.hwContext()); // comment to disable hwaccel&#xA;                    }&#xA;                } else {&#xA;                    Logger.info("Hwaccel manually disabled");&#xA;                }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;                // Always request low delay decoding&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags() | AV_CODEC_FLAG_LOW_DELAY);&#xA;&#xA;                // Allow display of corrupt frames and frames missing references&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags() | AV_CODEC_FLAG_OUTPUT_CORRUPT);&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags2(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.flags2() | AV_CODEC_FLAG2_SHOW_ALL);&#xA;&#xA;                if (App.USE_AV_EF_EXPLODE) {&#xA;                    // Report decoding errors to allow us to request a key frame&#xA;                    this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.err_recognition(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.err_recognition() | AV_EF_EXPLODE);&#xA;                }&#xA;&#xA;                // Enable slice multi-threading for software decoding&#xA;                if (this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.hw_device_ctx() == null) { // if not hw accelerated&#xA;                    this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.thread_type(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.thread_type() | FF_THREAD_SLICE);&#xA;                    this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.thread_count(2/*AppUtil.getCpuCount()*/);&#xA;                } else {&#xA;                    // No threading for HW decode&#xA;                    this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.thread_count(1);&#xA;                }&#xA;&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.width(this.streamResolutionX);&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.height(this.streamResolutionY);&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.pix_fmt(this.getDefaultPixelFormat());&#xA;&#xA;                this.formatCallback = new AVCodecContext.Get_format_AVCodecContext_IntPointer() {&#xA;                    @Override&#xA;                    public int call(final AVCodecContext context, final IntPointer pixelFormats) {&#xA;                        final boolean hwDecodingSupported = context.hw_device_ctx() != null &amp;&amp; App.this.hardwareContext != null;&#xA;                        final int preferredPixelFormat = hwDecodingSupported ?&#xA;                                App.this.hardwareContext.hwConfig().pix_fmt() :&#xA;                                context.pix_fmt();&#xA;                        int i = 0;&#xA;                        while (true) {&#xA;                            final int currentSupportedFormat = pixelFormats.get(i&#x2B;&#x2B;);&#xA;                            System.out.println("Supported pixel formats " &#x2B; currentSupportedFormat);&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == preferredPixelFormat) {&#xA;                                Logger.info("[FFmpeg]: pixel format in format callback is {}", currentSupportedFormat);&#xA;                                return currentSupportedFormat;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {&#xA;                                break;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                        }&#xA;&#xA;                        i = 0;&#xA;                        while (true) { // try again and search for yuv&#xA;                            final int currentSupportedFormat = pixelFormats.get(i&#x2B;&#x2B;);&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {&#xA;                                Logger.info("[FFmpeg]: Not found in first match so use {}", AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P);&#xA;                                return currentSupportedFormat;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {&#xA;                                break;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                        }&#xA;&#xA;                        i = 0;&#xA;                        while (true) { // try again and search for nv12&#xA;                            final int currentSupportedFormat = pixelFormats.get(i&#x2B;&#x2B;);&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == AV_PIX_FMT_NV12) {&#xA;                                Logger.info("[FFmpeg]: Not found in second match so use {}", AV_PIX_FMT_NV12);&#xA;                                return currentSupportedFormat;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                            if (currentSupportedFormat == AV_PIX_FMT_NONE) {&#xA;                                break;&#xA;                            }&#xA;                        }&#xA;&#xA;                        Logger.info("[FFmpeg]: pixel format in format callback is using fallback {}", AV_PIX_FMT_NONE);&#xA;                        return AV_PIX_FMT_NONE;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                };&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.get_format(this.formatCallback);&#xA;&#xA;                final AVDictionary options = new AVDictionary(null);&#xA;                final int result = avcodec_open2(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx, this.decoder, options);&#xA;                if (result &lt; 0) {&#xA;                    Logger.error("avcodec_open2 was not successful");&#xA;                    finishHandler.accept(false);&#xA;                    return;&#xA;                }&#xA;                av_dict_free(options);&#xA;                break;&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        if (this.decoder == null || this.m_VideoDecoderCtx == null) {&#xA;            finishHandler.accept(false);&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;        finishHandler.accept(true);&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    private AVHWContextInfo createHardwareContext() {&#xA;        AVHWContextInfo result = null;&#xA;        for (int i = 0; ; i&#x2B;&#x2B;) {&#xA;            final AVCodecHWConfig config = avcodec_get_hw_config(this.decoder, i);&#xA;            if (config == null) {&#xA;                break;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            if ((config.methods() &amp; AV_CODEC_HW_CONFIG_METHOD_HW_DEVICE_CTX) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                continue;&#xA;            }&#xA;            final int device_type = config.device_type();&#xA;            if (device_type != App.HW_DEVICE_TYPE) {&#xA;                continue;&#xA;            }&#xA;            final AVBufferRef hw_context = av_hwdevice_ctx_alloc(device_type);&#xA;            if (hw_context == null || av_hwdevice_ctx_create(hw_context, device_type, (String) null, null, 0) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                Logger.error("HW accel not supported for type {}", device_type);&#xA;                av_free(config);&#xA;                av_free(hw_context);&#xA;            } else {&#xA;                Logger.info("HW accel created for type {}", device_type);&#xA;                result = new AVHWContextInfo(config, hw_context);&#xA;            }&#xA;            break;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        return result;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    @Override&#xA;    public void stop() {&#xA;        this.releaseNativeResources();&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    /************************/&#xA;    /*** video processing ***/&#xA;    /************************/&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;    private void performTestFramesFeeding() {&#xA;        final AVPacket pkt = av_packet_alloc();&#xA;        if (pkt == null) {&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;        try (final BytePointer bp = new BytePointer(65_535 * 4)) {&#xA;            final byte[] frameData = AVTestFrames.h264KeyTestFrame;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;            bp.position(0);&#xA;&#xA;            bp.put(frameData);&#xA;            bp.limit(frameData.length);&#xA;&#xA;            pkt.data(bp);&#xA;            pkt.capacity(bp.capacity());&#xA;            pkt.size(frameData.length);&#xA;            pkt.position(0);&#xA;            pkt.limit(frameData.length);&#xA;            final AVFrame avFrame = av_frame_alloc();&#xA;&#xA;            final int err = avcodec_send_packet(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx, pkt); // this will fail with D3D11VA and DXVA2&#xA;            if (err &lt; 0) {&#xA;                final BytePointer buffer = new BytePointer(512);&#xA;                av_strerror(err, buffer, buffer.capacity());&#xA;                final String string = buffer.getString();&#xA;                System.out.println("Error on decoding test frame " &#x2B; err &#x2B; " message " &#x2B; string);&#xA;                av_frame_free(avFrame);&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            final int result = avcodec_receive_frame(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx, avFrame);&#xA;            final AVFrame decodedFrame;&#xA;            if (result == 0) {&#xA;                if (this.m_VideoDecoderCtx.hw_device_ctx() == null) {&#xA;                    decodedFrame = avFrame;&#xA;                    av_frame_unref(decodedFrame);&#xA;                    System.out.println("SUCESS with SW decoding");&#xA;                } else {&#xA;                    final AVFrame hwAvFrame = av_frame_alloc();&#xA;                    if (av_hwframe_transfer_data(hwAvFrame, avFrame, 0) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                        System.out.println("Failed to transfer frame from hardware");&#xA;                        av_frame_unref(hwAvFrame);&#xA;                        decodedFrame = avFrame;&#xA;                    } else {&#xA;                        av_frame_unref(avFrame);&#xA;                        decodedFrame = hwAvFrame;&#xA;                        System.out.println("SUCESS with HW decoding");&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    av_frame_unref(decodedFrame);&#xA;                }&#xA;            } else {&#xA;                final BytePointer buffer = new BytePointer(512);&#xA;                av_strerror(result, buffer, buffer.capacity());&#xA;                final String string = buffer.getString();&#xA;                System.out.println("error " &#x2B; result &#x2B; " message " &#x2B; string);&#xA;                av_frame_free(avFrame);&#xA;            }&#xA;        } finally {&#xA;            if (pkt.stream_index() != -1) {&#xA;                av_packet_unref(pkt);&#xA;            }&#xA;            pkt.releaseReference();&#xA;        }&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    final Object releaseLock = new Object();&#xA;    private volatile boolean released = false;&#xA;&#xA;    private void releaseNativeResources() {&#xA;        if (this.released) {&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;        this.released = true;&#xA;        synchronized (this.releaseLock) {&#xA;            // Close the video codec&#xA;            if (this.m_VideoDecoderCtx != null) {&#xA;                avcodec_free_context(this.m_VideoDecoderCtx);&#xA;                this.m_VideoDecoderCtx = null;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // close the format callback&#xA;            if (this.formatCallback != null) {&#xA;                this.formatCallback.close();&#xA;                this.formatCallback = null;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // close hw context&#xA;            if (this.hardwareContext != null) {&#xA;                this.hardwareContext.free();&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    private int getDefaultPixelFormat() {&#xA;        return AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P; // Always return yuv420p here&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    public static final class HexUtil {&#xA;        private static final char[] hexArray = "0123456789ABCDEF".toCharArray();&#xA;&#xA;        private HexUtil() {&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public static String hexlify(final byte[] bytes) {&#xA;            final char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];&#xA;&#xA;            for (int j = 0; j &lt; bytes.length; &#x2B;&#x2B;j) {&#xA;                final int v = bytes[j] &amp; 255;&#xA;                hexChars[j * 2] = HexUtil.hexArray[v >>> 4];&#xA;                hexChars[j * 2 &#x2B; 1] = HexUtil.hexArray[v &amp; 15];&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            return new String(hexChars);&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public static byte[] unhexlify(final String argbuf) {&#xA;            final int arglen = argbuf.length();&#xA;            if (arglen % 2 != 0) {&#xA;                throw new RuntimeException("Odd-length string");&#xA;            } else {&#xA;                final byte[] retbuf = new byte[arglen / 2];&#xA;&#xA;                for (int i = 0; i &lt; arglen; i &#x2B;= 2) {&#xA;                    final int top = Character.digit(argbuf.charAt(i), 16);&#xA;                    final int bot = Character.digit(argbuf.charAt(i &#x2B; 1), 16);&#xA;                    if (top == -1 || bot == -1) {&#xA;                        throw new RuntimeException("Non-hexadecimal digit found");&#xA;                    }&#xA;&#xA;                    retbuf[i / 2] = (byte) ((top &lt;&lt; 4) &#x2B; bot);&#xA;                }&#xA;&#xA;                return retbuf;&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    public static final class AVHWContextInfo {&#xA;        private final AVCodecHWConfig hwConfig;&#xA;        private final AVBufferRef hwContext;&#xA;&#xA;        private volatile boolean freed = false;&#xA;&#xA;        public AVHWContextInfo(final AVCodecHWConfig hwConfig, final AVBufferRef hwContext) {&#xA;            this.hwConfig = hwConfig;&#xA;            this.hwContext = hwContext;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public AVCodecHWConfig hwConfig() {&#xA;            return this.hwConfig;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public AVBufferRef hwContext() {&#xA;            return this.hwContext;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public void free() {&#xA;            if (this.freed) {&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;            this.freed = true;&#xA;            av_free(this.hwConfig);&#xA;            av_free(this.hwContext);&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;        @Override&#xA;        public boolean equals(Object o) {&#xA;            if (this == o) return true;&#xA;            if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;&#xA;            AVHWContextInfo that = (AVHWContextInfo) o;&#xA;            return freed == that.freed &amp;&amp; Objects.equals(hwConfig, that.hwConfig) &amp;&amp; Objects.equals(hwContext, that.hwContext);&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        @Override&#xA;        public int hashCode() {&#xA;            return Objects.hash(hwConfig, hwContext, freed);&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        @Override&#xA;        public String toString() {&#xA;            return "AVHWContextInfo[" &#x2B;&#xA;                    "hwConfig=" &#x2B; this.hwConfig &#x2B; ", " &#x2B;&#xA;                    "hwContext=" &#x2B; this.hwContext &#x2B; &#x27;]&#x27;;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    public static final class AVTestFrames {&#xA;&#xA;        private AVTestFrames() {&#xA;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        static {&#xA;            InputStream inputStream = null;&#xA;            try {&#xA;                inputStream = AVTestFrames.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("h264_test_key_frame.txt");&#xA;                final byte[] h264TestFrameBuffer = inputStream == null ? new byte[0] : inputStream.readAllBytes();&#xA;                final String h264TestFrame = new String(h264TestFrameBuffer, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);&#xA;                AVTestFrames.h264KeyTestFrame = HexUtil.unhexlify(h264TestFrame);&#xA;            } catch (final IOException e) {&#xA;                Logger.error(e, "Could not parse test frame");&#xA;            } finally {&#xA;                if (inputStream != null) {&#xA;                    try {&#xA;                        inputStream.close();&#xA;                        inputStream = null;&#xA;                    } catch (final IOException e) {&#xA;                        Logger.error(e, "Could not close test frame input stream");&#xA;                    }&#xA;                }&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        public static byte[] h264KeyTestFrame;&#xA;    }&#xA;}&#xA;</boolean>

    &#xA;

    The build gradle of the project looks like this

    &#xA;

    plugins {&#xA;    id &#x27;application&#x27;&#xA;    id &#x27;org.openjfx.javafxplugin&#x27; version &#x27;0.0.13&#x27;&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;group &#x27;com.test.example&#x27;&#xA;version &#x27;1.0.0&#x27;&#xA;&#xA;repositories {&#xA;    mavenCentral()&#xA;    mavenLocal()&#xA;    maven { url &#x27;https://jitpack.io&#x27; }&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;dependencies {&#xA;    implementation group: &#x27;org.bytedeco&#x27;, name: &#x27;javacv-platform&#x27;, version: &#x27;1.5.8&#x27;&#xA;    implementation group: &#x27;com.github.oshi&#x27;, name: &#x27;oshi-core&#x27;, version: &#x27;3.4.3&#x27;&#xA;    implementation &#x27;org.tinylog:tinylog-api:2.1.0&#x27;&#xA;    implementation &#x27;org.tinylog:tinylog-impl:2.1.0&#x27;&#xA;    implementation &#x27;org.jcodec:jcodec:0.2.5&#x27;&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;test {&#xA;    useJUnitPlatform()&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;javafx {&#xA;    version = &#x27;17.0.6&#x27;&#xA;    modules = [&#x27;javafx.graphics&#x27;, &#x27;javafx.controls&#x27;, &#x27;javafx.fxml&#x27;, &#x27;javafx.base&#x27;]&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;mainClassName = &#x27;com.test.example.App&#x27;&#xA;

    &#xA;