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• TCP connection refused with FFMPEG

  2 février 2017, par Samul

  OFFICIAL EDIT :

  I thank you so much for your help but I am still encountering problems.

  My ffserver.conf file is like this :

  # Port on which the server is listening. You must select a different
  
  # port from your standard HTTP web server if it is running on the same
  
  # computer.
  
  HTTPPort 8090
  
  
  
  # Address on which the server is bound. Only useful if you have
  
  # several network interfaces.
  
  HTTPBindAddress 0.0.0.0
  
  
  
  # Number of simultaneous HTTP connections that can be handled. It has
  
  # to be defined *before* the MaxClients parameter, since it defines the
  
  # MaxClients maximum limit.
  
  MaxHTTPConnections 2000
  
  
  
  # Number of simultaneous requests that can be handled. Since FFServer
  
  # is very fast, it is more likely that you will want to leave this high
  
  # and use MaxBandwidth, below.
  
  MaxClients 1000
  
  
  
  # This the maximum amount of kbit/sec that you are prepared to
  
  # consume when streaming to clients.
  
  MaxBandwidth 1000
  
  
  
  # Access log file (uses standard Apache log file format)
  
  # '-' is the standard output.
  
  CustomLog -
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # Definition of the live feeds. Each live feed contains one video
  
  # and/or audio sequence coming from an ffmpeg encoder or another
  
  # ffserver. This sequence may be encoded simultaneously with several
  
  # codecs at several resolutions.
  
  
  
  <feed>
  
  
  
  # You must use 'ffmpeg' to send a live feed to ffserver. In this
  
  # example, you can type:
  
  #
  
  # ffmpeg http://localhost:8090/feed1.ffm
  
  
  
  # ffserver can also do time shifting. It means that it can stream any
  
  # previously recorded live stream. The request should contain:
  
  # "http://xxxx?date=[YYYY-MM-DDT][[HH:]MM:]SS[.m...]".You must specify
  
  # a path where the feed is stored on disk. You also specify the
  
  # maximum size of the feed, where zero means unlimited. Default:
  
  # File=/tmp/feed_name.ffm FileMaxSize=5M
  
  File /tmp/feed1.ffm
  
  FileMaxSize 200K
  
  
  
  # You could specify
  
  # ReadOnlyFile /saved/specialvideo.ffm
  
  # This marks the file as readonly and it will not be deleted or updated.
  
  
  
  # Specify launch in order to start ffmpeg automatically.
  
  # First ffmpeg must be defined with an appropriate path if needed,
  
  # after that options can follow, but avoid adding the http:// field
  
  #Launch ffmpeg
  
  
  
  # Only allow connections from localhost to the feed.
  
  #ACL allow 127.0.0.1
  
  #ACL allow 189.34.0.158
  
  </feed>
  
  
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # Now you can define each stream which will be generated from the
  
  # original audio and video stream. Each format has a filename (here
  
  # 'test1.mpg'). FFServer will send this stream when answering a
  
  # request containing this filename.
  
  
  
  <stream>
  
  
  
  # coming from live feed 'feed1'
  
  Feed feed1.ffm
  
  
  
  # Format of the stream : you can choose among:
  
  # mpeg       : MPEG-1 multiplexed video and audio
  
  # mpegvideo  : only MPEG-1 video
  
  # mp2        : MPEG-2 audio (use AudioCodec to select layer 2 and 3 codec)
  
  # ogg        : Ogg format (Vorbis audio codec)
  
  # rm         : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Multiplexed audio and video.
  
  # ra         : RealNetworks-compatible stream. Audio only.
  
  # mpjpeg     : Multipart JPEG (works with Netscape without any plugin)
  
  # jpeg       : Generate a single JPEG image.
  
  # asf        : ASF compatible streaming (Windows Media Player format).
  
  # swf        : Macromedia Flash compatible stream
  
  # avi        : AVI format (MPEG-4 video, MPEG audio sound)
  
  Format mpeg
  
  
  
  # Bitrate for the audio stream. Codecs usually support only a few
  
  # different bitrates.
  
  AudioBitRate 32
  
  
  
  # Number of audio channels: 1 = mono, 2 = stereo
  
  AudioChannels 1
  
  
  
  # Sampling frequency for audio. When using low bitrates, you should
  
  # lower this frequency to 22050 or 11025. The supported frequencies
  
  # depend on the selected audio codec.
  
  AudioSampleRate 44100
  
  
  
  # Bitrate for the video stream
  
  VideoBitRate 64
  
  
  
  # Ratecontrol buffer size
  
  VideoBufferSize 40
  
  
  
  # Number of frames per second
  
  VideoFrameRate 3
  
  
  
  # Size of the video frame: WxH (default: 160x128)
  
  # The following abbreviations are defined: sqcif, qcif, cif, 4cif, qqvga,
  
  # qvga, vga, svga, xga, uxga, qxga, sxga, qsxga, hsxga, wvga, wxga, wsxga,
  
  # wuxga, woxga, wqsxga, wquxga, whsxga, whuxga, cga, ega, hd480, hd720,
  
  # hd1080
  
  VideoSize 160x128
  
  
  
  # Transmit only intra frames (useful for low bitrates, but kills frame rate).
  
  #VideoIntraOnly
  
  
  
  # If non-intra only, an intra frame is transmitted every VideoGopSize
  
  # frames. Video synchronization can only begin at an intra frame.
  
  VideoGopSize 12
  
  
  
  # More MPEG-4 parameters
  
  # VideoHighQuality
  
  # Video4MotionVector
  
  
  
  # Choose your codecs:
  
  #AudioCodec mp2
  
  #VideoCodec mpeg1video
  
  
  
  # Suppress audio
  
  #NoAudio
  
  
  
  # Suppress video
  
  #NoVideo
  
  
  
  #VideoQMin 3
  
  #VideoQMax 31
  
  
  
  # Set this to the number of seconds backwards in time to start. Note that
  
  # most players will buffer 5-10 seconds of video, and also you need to allow
  
  # for a keyframe to appear in the data stream.
  
  #Preroll 15
  
  
  
  # ACL:
  
  
  
  # You can allow ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
  
  #ACL ALLOW <first address="address"> <last address="address">
  
  
  
  # You can deny ranges of addresses (or single addresses)
  
  #ACL DENY <first address="address"> <last address="address">
  
  
  
  # You can repeat the ACL allow/deny as often as you like. It is on a per
  
  # stream basis. The first match defines the action. If there are no matches,
  
  # then the default is the inverse of the last ACL statement.
  
  #
  
  # Thus 'ACL allow localhost' only allows access from localhost.
  
  # 'ACL deny 1.0.0.0 1.255.255.255' would deny the whole of network 1 and
  
  # allow everybody else.
  
  
  
  </last></first></last></first></stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # Example streams
  
  
  
  
  
  # Multipart JPEG
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format mpjpeg
  
  #VideoFrameRate 2
  
  #VideoIntraOnly
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #Strict -1
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Single JPEG
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format jpeg
  
  #VideoFrameRate 2
  
  #VideoIntraOnly
  
  ##VideoSize 352x240
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #Strict -1
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Flash
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format swf
  
  #VideoFrameRate 2
  
  #VideoIntraOnly
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # ASF compatible
  
  
  
  <stream>
  
  Feed feed1.ffm
  
  Format asf
  
  VideoFrameRate 15
  
  VideoSize 352x240
  
  VideoBitRate 256
  
  VideoBufferSize 40
  
  VideoGopSize 30
  
  AudioBitRate 64
  
  StartSendOnKey
  
  </stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # MP3 audio
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format mp2
  
  #AudioCodec mp3
  
  #AudioBitRate 64
  
  #AudioChannels 1
  
  #AudioSampleRate 44100
  
  #NoVideo
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Ogg Vorbis audio
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Metadata title "Stream title"
  
  #AudioBitRate 64
  
  #AudioChannels 2
  
  #AudioSampleRate 44100
  
  #NoVideo
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Real with audio only at 32 kbits
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format rm
  
  #AudioBitRate 32
  
  #NoVideo
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Real with audio and video at 64 kbits
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #Format rm
  
  #AudioBitRate 32
  
  #VideoBitRate 128
  
  #VideoFrameRate 25
  
  #VideoGopSize 25
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # A stream coming from a file: you only need to set the input
  
  # filename and optionally a new format. Supported conversions:
  
  #    AVI -> ASF
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/tlive.rm"
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test.asf"
  
  #NoAudio
  
  #Metadata author "Me"
  
  #Metadata copyright "Super MegaCorp"
  
  #Metadata title "Test stream from disk"
  
  #Metadata comment "Test comment"
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # RTSP examples
  
  #
  
  # You can access this stream with the RTSP URL:
  
  #   rtsp://localhost:5454/test1-rtsp.mpg
  
  #
  
  # A non-standard RTSP redirector is also created. Its URL is:
  
  #   http://localhost:8090/test1-rtsp.rtsp
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Format rtp
  
  #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Transcode an incoming live feed to another live feed,
  
  # using libx264 and video presets
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Format rtp
  
  #Feed feed1.ffm
  
  #VideoCodec libx264
  
  #VideoFrameRate 24
  
  #VideoBitRate 100
  
  #VideoSize 480x272
  
  #AVPresetVideo default
  
  #AVPresetVideo baseline
  
  #AVOptionVideo flags +global_header
  
  #
  
  #AudioCodec libfaac
  
  #AudioBitRate 32
  
  #AudioChannels 2
  
  #AudioSampleRate 22050
  
  #AVOptionAudio flags +global_header
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # SDP/multicast examples
  
  #
  
  # If you want to send your stream in multicast, you must set the
  
  # multicast address with MulticastAddress. The port and the TTL can
  
  # also be set.
  
  #
  
  # An SDP file is automatically generated by ffserver by adding the
  
  # 'sdp' extension to the stream name (here
  
  # http://localhost:8090/test1-sdp.sdp). You should usually give this
  
  # file to your player to play the stream.
  
  #
  
  # The 'NoLoop' option can be used to avoid looping when the stream is
  
  # terminated.
  
  
  
  #<stream>
  
  #Format rtp
  
  #File "/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/test1.mpg"
  
  #MulticastAddress 224.124.0.1
  
  #MulticastPort 5000
  
  #MulticastTTL 16
  
  #NoLoop
  
  #</stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  ##################################################################
  
  # Special streams
  
  
  
  # Server status
  
  
  
  <stream>
  
  Format status
  
  
  
  # Only allow local people to get the status
  
  ACL allow localhost
  
  ACL allow 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
  
  
  
  #FaviconURL http://pond1.gladstonefamily.net:8080/favicon.ico
  
  </stream>
  
  
  
  
  
  # Redirect index.html to the appropriate site
  
  
  
  <redirect>
  
  URL http://www.ffmpeg.org/
  
  </redirect>

  I started my server and executed :

  ffserver -d -f /usr/share/doc/ffmpeg-2.6.8/ffserver.conf

  No error message and everything looks fine.

  After that I execute this (in your answer, I think you forgot the port number) :

  ffmpeg -i "rtsp://200.180.90.95:554/onvif1" -r 25 -s 640x480 -c:v libx264 -flags +global_header -f flv "http://45.79.207.38:8090/feed1.ffm"

  Then I get this log :

    libavutil      54. 20.100 / 54. 20.100
  
    libavcodec     56. 26.100 / 56. 26.100
  
    libavformat    56. 25.101 / 56. 25.101
  
    libavdevice    56.  4.100 / 56.  4.100
  
    libavfilter     5. 11.102 /  5. 11.102
  
    libavresample   2.  1.  0 /  2.  1.  0
  
    libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
  
    libswresample   1.  1.100 /  1.  1.100
  
    libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
  [pcm_alaw @ 0x1a24360] RTP: missed 2 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
  Invalid UE golomb code
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] cbp too large (3199971767) at 76 33
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 76 33
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 933 DC, 933 AC, 933 MV errors in P frame
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] cbp too large (62) at 50 24
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 50 24
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 1679 DC, 1679 AC, 1679 MV errors in P frame
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 2 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 1965 DC, 1965 AC, 1965 MV errors in P frame
  
  [pcm_alaw @ 0x1a24360] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
      Last message repeated 1 times
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 3 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] mb_type 49 in P slice too large at 74 25
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 74 25
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 1575 DC, 1575 AC, 1575 MV errors in P frame
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 2 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] P sub_mb_type 29 out of range at 30 26
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 30 26
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 1539 DC, 1539 AC, 1539 MV errors in P frame
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] out of range intra chroma pred mode at 72 29
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 72 29
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 1257 DC, 1257 AC, 1257 MV errors in P frame
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] RTP: missed 3 packets
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] negative number of zero coeffs at 48 5
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] error while decoding MB 48 5
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] Cannot use next picture in error concealment
  
  [h264 @ 0x1a23580] concealing 3201 DC, 3201 AC, 3201 MV errors in P frame
  
  [pcm_alaw @ 0x1a24360] RTP: missed 1 packets
  
  [rtsp @ 0x1a20ee0] decoding for stream 0 failed
  
  Guessed Channel Layout for  Input Stream #0.1 : mono
  
  Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://200.180.90.95:554/onvif1':
  
    Metadata:
  
      title           : H.264 Video, RtspServer_0.0.0.2
  
    Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Baseline), yuv420p, 1280x720, 90k tbr, 90k tbn, 180k tbc
  
      Stream #0:1: Audio: pcm_alaw, 8000 Hz, 1 channels, s16, 64 kb/s
  
  [libx264 @ 0x1b728a0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX AVX2 FMA3 LZCNT BMI2
  
  [libx264 @ 0x1b728a0] profile High, level 3.0
  
  [libx264 @ 0x1b728a0] 264 - core 142 r2495 6a301b6 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2014 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=1 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
  
  [flv @ 0x1a66300] FLV does not support sample rate 8000, choose from (44100, 22050, 11025)
  
  [flv @ 0x1a66300] Audio codec mp3 not compatible with flv
  
  Output #0, flv, to 'http://45.79.207.38:8090/feed1.ffm':
  
    Metadata:
  
      title           : H.264 Video, RtspServer_0.0.0.2
  
      encoder         : Lavf56.25.101
  
      Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) ([7][0][0][0] / 0x0007), yuv420p, 640x480, q=-1--1, 25 fps, 1k tbn, 25 tbc
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc56.26.100 libx264
  
      Stream #0:1: Audio: mp3 (libmp3lame) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), 8000 Hz, mono, s16p
  
      Metadata:
  
        encoder         : Lavc56.26.100 libmp3lame
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  
    Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (pcm_alaw (native) -> mp3 (libmp3lame))
  
  Could not write header for output file #0 (incorrect codec parameters ?): Function not implemented

  I am doing this in a clean install of CENTOS, no customization. Could you please helpe me ?

• Small Time DevOps

  1er janvier 2021, par Multimedia Mike — General

  When you are a certain type of nerd who has been on the internet for long enough, you might run the risk of accumulating a lot of projects and websites. Website-wise, I have this multimedia.cx domain on which I host a bunch of ancient static multimedia documents as well as this PHP/MySQL-based blog. Further, there are 3 other PHP/MySQL-based blogs hosted on subdomains. Also, there is the wiki, another PHP/MySQL web app. A few other custom PHP- and Python-based apps are running around on the server as well.

  While things largely run on auto-pilot, I need to concern myself every now and then with their ongoing upkeep.

  If you ask N different people about the meaning of the term ‘DevOps’, you will surely get N different definitions. However, whenever I have to perform VM maintenance, I like to think I am at least dipping my toes into the DevOps domain. At the very least, the job seems to be concerned with making infrastructure setup and upgrades reliable and repeatable.

  Even if it’s not fully automated, at the very least, I have generated a lot of lists for how to make things work (I’m a big fan of Trello’s Kanban boards for this), so it gets easier every time (ideally, anyway).

  Infrastructure History

  For a solid decade, from 2004 to 2014, everything was hosted on shared, cPanel-based web hosting. In mid-2014, I moved from the shared hosting over to my own VPSs, hosted on DigitalOcean. I must have used Ubuntu 14.04 at the time, as I look down down the list of Ubuntu LTS releases. It was with much trepidation that I undertook this task (knowing that anything that might go wrong with the stack, from the OS up to the apps, would all be firmly my fault), but it turned out not to be that bad. The earliest lesson you learn for such a small-time setup is to have a frontend VPS (web server) and a backend VPS (database server). That way, a surge in HTTP requests has no chance of crashing the database server due to depleted memory.

  At the end of 2016, I decided to refresh the VMs. I brought them up to Ubuntu 16.04 at the time.

  Earlier this year, I decided it would be a good idea to refresh the VMs again since it had been more than 3 years. The VMs were getting long in the tooth. Plus, I had seen an article speculating that Azure, another notable cloud hosting environment, might be getting full. It made me feel like I should grab some resources while I still could (resource-hoarding was in this year).

  I decided to use 18.04 for these refreshed VMs, even though 20.04 was available. I think I was a little nervous about 20.04 because I heard weird things about something called snap packages being the new standard for distributing software for the platform and I wasn’t ready to take that plunge.

  Which brings me to this month’s VM refresh in which I opted to take the 20.04 plunge.

  Oh MediaWiki

  I’ve been the maintainer and caretaker of the MultimediaWiki for 15 years now (wow ! Where does the time go ?). It doesn’t see a lot of updating these days, but I know it still serves as a resource for lots of obscure technical multimedia information. I still get requests for new accounts because someone has uncovered some niche technical data and wants to make sure it gets properly documented.

  MediaWiki is quite an amazing bit of software and it undergoes constant development and improvement. According to the version history, I probably started the MultimediaWiki with the 1.5 series. As of this writing, 1.35 is the latest and therefore greatest lineage.

  This pace of development can make it a bit of a chore to keep up to date. This was particularly true in the old days of the shared hosting when you didn’t have direct shell access and so it’s something you put off for a long time.

  Honestly, to be fair, the upgrade process is pretty straightforward :

  1. Unpack a set of new files on top of the existing tree
  2. Run a PHP script to perform any database table upgrades

  Pretty straightforward, assuming that there are no hiccups along the way, right ? And the vast majority of the time, that’s the case. Until it’s not. I had an upgrade go south about a year and a half ago (I wasn’t the only MW installation to have the problem at the time, I learned). While I do have proper backups, it still threw me for a loop and I worked for about an hour to restore the previous version of the site. That experience understandably left me a bit gun-shy about upgrading the wiki.

  But upgrades must happen, especially when security notices come out. Eventually, I created a Trello template with a solid, 18-step checklist for upgrading MW as soon as a new version shows up. It’s still a chore, just not so nerve-wracking when the steps are all enumerated like that.

  As I compose the post, I think I recall my impetus for wanting to refresh from the 16.04 VM. 16.04 used PHP 7.0. I wanted to upgrade to the latest MW, but if I tried to do so, it warned me that it needed PHP 7.4. So I initialized the new 18.04 VM as described above… only to realize that PHP 7.2 is the default on 18.04. You need to go all the way to 20.04 for 7.4 standard. I’m sure it’s possible to install later versions of PHP on 16.04 or 18.04, but I appreciate going with the defaults provided by the distro.

  I figured I would just stay with MediaWiki 1.34 series and eschew 1.35 series (requiring PHP 7.4) for the time being… until I started getting emails that 1.34 would go end-of-life soon. Oh, and there are some critical security updates, but those are only for 1.35 (and also 1.31 series which is still stubbornly being maintained for some reason).

  So here I am with a fresh Ubuntu 20.04 VM running PHP 7.4 and MediaWiki 1.35 series.

  How Much Process ?

  Anyone who decides to host on VPSs vs, say, shared hosting is (or ought to be) versed on the matter that all your data is your own problem and that glitches sometimes happen and that your VM might just suddenly disappear. (Indeed, I’ve read rants about VMs disappearing and taking entire un-backed-up websites with them, and also watched as the ranters get no sympathy– “yeah, it’s a VM ; the data is your responsibility”) So I like to make sure I have enough notes so that I could bring up a new VM quickly if I ever needed to.

  But the process is a lot of manual steps. Sometimes I wonder if I need to use some automation software like Ansible in order to bring a new VM to life. Why do that if I only update the VM once every 1-3 years ? Well, perhaps I should update more frequently in order to ensure the process is solid ?

  Seems like a lot of effort for a few websites which really don’t see much traffic in the grand scheme of things. But it still might be an interesting exercise and might be good preparation for some other websites I have in mind.

  Besides, if I really wanted to go off the deep end, I would wrap everything up in containers and deploy using D-O’s managed Kubernetes solution.

  The post Small Time DevOps first appeared on Breaking Eggs And Making Omelettes.

• Unknown input format : 'rawvideo' when trying to save animation

  8 juin 2022, par John Klint

  So, I get a strange error trying to save animations created with matplotlib.FuncAnimation using FFMpegWriter.

  


  /home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/bin/python /home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/main.py&#xA;MovieWriter stderr:&#xA;Unknown input format: &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;&#xA;&#xA;Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 234, in saving&#xA;    yield self&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1093, in save&#xA;    writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 351, in grab_frame&#xA;    self.fig.savefig(self._proc.stdin, format=self.frame_format,&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/figure.py", line 3046, in savefig&#xA;    self.canvas.print_figure(fname, **kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 2319, in print_figure&#xA;    result = print_method(&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backend_bases.py", line 1648, in wrapper&#xA;    return func(*args, **kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/_api/deprecation.py", line 415, in wrapper&#xA;    return func(*inner_args, **inner_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_agg.py", line 486, in print_raw&#xA;    fh.write(renderer.buffer_rgba())&#xA;BrokenPipeError: [Errno 32] Broken pipe&#xA;&#xA;During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:&#xA;&#xA;Traceback (most recent call last):&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/main.py", line 24, in <module>&#xA;    anim.save(&#x27;basic_animation.mp4&#x27;, writer=FFwriter)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 1093, in save&#xA;    writer.grab_frame(**savefig_kwargs)&#xA;  File "/usr/lib/python3.9/contextlib.py", line 137, in __exit__&#xA;    self.gen.throw(typ, value, traceback)&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 236, in saving&#xA;    self.finish()&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 342, in finish&#xA;    self._cleanup()  # Inline _cleanup() once cleanup() is removed.&#xA;  File "/home/j/PycharmProjects/venvtest/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/matplotlib/animation.py", line 373, in _cleanup&#xA;    raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(&#xA;subprocess.CalledProcessError: Command &#x27;[&#x27;/usr/bin/ffmpeg&#x27;, &#x27;-f&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;rawvideo&#x27;, &#x27;-s&#x27;, &#x27;640x480&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;rgba&#x27;, &#x27;-r&#x27;, &#x27;5&#x27;, &#x27;-loglevel&#x27;, &#x27;error&#x27;, &#x27;-i&#x27;, &#x27;pipe:&#x27;, &#x27;-vcodec&#x27;, &#x27;h264&#x27;, &#x27;-pix_fmt&#x27;, &#x27;yuv420p&#x27;, &#x27;-y&#x27;, &#x27;basic_animation.mp4&#x27;]&#x27; returned non-zero exit status 1.&#xA;&#xA;Process finished with exit code 1&#xA;</module>

  


  I am confident it has nothing to do with the animation data, the error occurs even when I create a simple test animation :

  


  import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import animation
# plt.rcParams['animation.ffmpeg_path'] = '/usr/bin/ffmpeg'

fig = plt.figure()
ax = plt.axes(xlim=(0, 2), ylim=(-2, 2))
line, = ax.plot([], [], lw=2)


def init():
    line.set_data([], [])
    return line,


def animate(i):
    x = np.linspace(0, 2, 1000)
    y = np.sin(2 * np.pi * (x - 0.01 * i))
    line.set_data(x, y)
    return line,


anim = animation.FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init,
                           frames=200, interval=20, blit=True)

FFwriter = animation.FFMpegWriter()
anim.save('basic_animation.mp4', writer=FFwriter)


  


  I am currently using PyCharm in LinuxMint and I have a fairly new version of FFMpeg (4.2.4) installed. Given that FFMpeg complains about 'rawvideo' which as far as I understand it is just a bunch of images in series, it seems unlikely this has anything to do with codecs. If I run ffmpeg -formats, sure enough rawvideo is in the list.

  


  I have tried manually setting plt.rcParams, like in the commented line in the code above, with no success. I have also tried setting up both anaconda and venv environments, but I get the same error.
Annoyingly, I did not have this problem a few months ago when I was using Ubuntu. I have also verified that it works on my friends Ubuntu desktop, using the same simple venv as I set up for myself.

  


  Any ideas ?

  


  EDIT : I use the fish shell, if that is relevant...

  


  Well this is peculiar. If I start a terminal from within PyCharm and check supported formats, I get the following :

  


  (venv) ffmpeg -formats
ffmpeg version 4.3.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2021 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 11.3.0 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu --disable-debug --disable-doc --disable-static --enable-optimizations --enable-shared --disable-everything --enable-ffplay --enable-ffprobe --enable-gnutls --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libfdk-aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-openal --enable-opengl --enable-sdl2 --enable-vulkan --enable-zlib --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libxcb --enable-vdpau --enable-vaapi --enable-encoder='ac3,alac,flac,libfdk_aac,g723_1,mp2,libmp3lame,libopus,libspeex,pcm_alaw,pcm_mulaw,pcm_f32le,pcm_s16be,pcm_s24be,pcm_s16le,pcm_s24le,pcm_s32le,pcm_u8,tta,libvorbis,wavpack,' --enable-encoder='ass,ffv1,libaom_av1,libvpx_vp8,libvpx_vp9,mjpeg_vaapi,rawvideo,theora,vp8_vaapi,libopenh264' --enable-decoder='adpcm_g722,alac,flac,g723_1,g729,libfdk_aac,libopus,libspeex,mp2,mp3,m4a,pcm_alaw,pcm_mulaw,pcm_f16le,pcm_f24le,pcm_f32be,pcm_f32le,pcm_f64be,pcm_f64le,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16be_planar,pcm_s24be,pcm_s16le,pcm_s16le_planar,pcm_s24le,pcm_s24le_planar,pcm_s32le,pcm_s32le_planar,pcm_s64be,pcm_s64le,pcm_s8,pcm_s8_planar,pcm_u8,pcm_u24be,pcm_u24le,pcm_u32be,pcm_u32le,tta,vorbis,wavpack,' --enable-decoder='ass,ffv1,mjpeg,mjpegb,libaom_av1,libdav1d,libvpx_vp8,libvpx_vp9,rawvideo,theora,vp8,vp9,libopenh264' --enable-encoder='bmp,gif,jpegls,png,tiff,webp,' --enable-decoder='bmp,gif,jpegls,png,tiff,webp,' --enable-hwaccel='vp8_vaapi,mjpeg_vaapi,' --enable-parser='aac,ac3,flac,mjpeg,mpegaudio,mpeg4video,opus,vp3,vp8,vp9,vorbis,' --enable-muxer='ac3,ass,flac,g722,gif,matroska,mp3,mpegvideo,rtp,ogg,opus,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16le,wav,webm,' --enable-demuxer='aac,ac3,ass,flac,g722,gif,image_jpeg_pipe,image_png_pipe,image_webp_pipe,matroska,mjpeg,mov,mp3,mpegvideo,ogg,pcm_mulaw,pcm_alaw,pcm_s16be,pcm_s16le,rtp,wav,' --enable-filter='crop,scale,overlay,amix,amerge,aresample,format,aformat,fps,transpose,pad,' --enable-protocol='crypto,file,pipe,rtp,srtp,rtsp,tcp,udp,unix,' --arch=x86_64 --enable-libopenh264
  libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
  libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
  libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
  libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
  libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
  libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
  libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
File formats:
 D. = Demuxing supported
 .E = Muxing supported
 --
 D  aac             raw ADTS AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
 DE ac3             raw AC-3
 D  alaw            PCM A-law
 D  asf             ASF (Advanced / Active Streaming Format)
 DE ass             SSA (SubStation Alpha) subtitle
 DE flac            raw FLAC
 DE g722            raw G.722
 DE gif             CompuServe Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)
 D  jpeg_pipe       piped jpeg sequence
  E matroska        Matroska
 D  matroska,webm   Matroska / WebM
 D  mjpeg           raw MJPEG video
 D  mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 QuickTime / MOV
 DE mp3             MP3 (MPEG audio layer 3)
 D  mpegts          MPEG-TS (MPEG-2 Transport Stream)
 D  mpegvideo       raw MPEG video
 D  mulaw           PCM mu-law
 DE ogg             Ogg
  E opus            Ogg Opus
 D  png_pipe        piped png sequence
 D  rm              RealMedia
 DE rtp             RTP output
 DE s16be           PCM signed 16-bit big-endian
 DE s16le           PCM signed 16-bit little-endian
 D  sdp             SDP
 DE wav             WAV / WAVE (Waveform Audio)
  E webm            WebM
 D  webp_pipe       piped webp sequence



  


  As is evident, there is no support for 'rawvideo' in the list above ! Very strange indeed, I do not know which ffmpeg this list belongs to, perhaps it is a version integrated into matplotlib's animation class ?

  


  Anyway, if I uncomment the line setting the ffmpeg_path I am back at the old error. I did get it to work however, by changing the path from '/usr/bin/ffmpeg' to '/home/j/.conda/envs/venvtest/bin/ffmpeg'. Then I get the file to run, create the animation and save it. This works for my real files as well, which do not even run that particular conda-environment. They do not recognize or find the ffmpeg I have in /usr/bin though. I have no clue why but at least I have a workaround now.

  


  Final edit :
It is solved. It was flatpak's fault. Lesson is, don't use flatpak (or snap for that matter) to install Pycharm.