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• FFmpeg and reserved color primaries [closed]

  21 janvier, par Yoz

  I am trying to get thumbnails from a hevc video downloaded from https://github.com/stashapp/stash/issues/4124#issuecomment-1720057183 and it works with most recent ffmpeg 7.1 (installed via homebrew on mac) printing :

  


  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -frames:v 1 out.jpg


  


  ffmpeg version 7.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2024 the FFmpeg developers
  built with Apple clang version 16.0.0 (clang-1600.0.26.4)
  configuration: --prefix=/opt/homebrew/Cellar/ffmpeg/7.1_4 --enable-shared --enable-pthreads --enable-version3 --cc=clang --host-cflags= --host-ldflags='-Wl,-ld_classic' --enable-ffplay --enable-gnutls --enable-gpl --enable-libaom --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libbluray --enable-libdav1d --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-libjxl --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-librav1e --enable-librist --enable-librubberband --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-libfontconfig --enable-libfreetype --enable-frei0r --enable-libass --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libspeex --enable-libsoxr --enable-libzmq --enable-libzimg --disable-libjack --disable-indev=jack --enable-videotoolbox --enable-audiotoolbox --enable-neon
  libavutil      59. 39.100 / 59. 39.100
  libavcodec     61. 19.100 / 61. 19.100
  libavformat    61.  7.100 / 61.  7.100
  libavdevice    61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavfilter    10.  4.100 / 10.  4.100
  libswscale      8.  3.100 /  8.  3.100
  libswresample   5.  3.100 /  5.  3.100
  libpostproc    58.  3.100 / 58.  3.100
[hevc @ 0x134f07530] VPS 0 does not exist
[hevc @ 0x134f07530] SPS 0 does not exist.
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : mp42
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: mp42iso2mp41
    creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
    encoder         : HandBrake 1.5.1 2022011000
  Duration: 00:01:26.05, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 231 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und): Video: hevc (Main) (hvc1 / 0x31637668), yuv420p(tv, bt709/reserved/bt709), 648x648 [SAR 1:1 DAR 1:1], 188 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 90k tbn (default)
      Metadata:
        creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
        handler_name    : VideoHandler
        vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 36 kb/s (default)
      Metadata:
        creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
        handler_name    : Mono
        vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
[hevc @ 0x1358065c0] VPS 0 does not exist
[hevc @ 0x1358065c0] SPS 0 does not exist.
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (hevc (native) -> mjpeg (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
Output #0, image2, to 'out.jpg':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : mp42
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: mp42iso2mp41
    encoder         : Lavf61.7.100
  Stream #0:0(und): Video: mjpeg, yuv420p(pc, bt709/reserved/bt709, progressive), 648x648 [SAR 1:1 DAR 1:1], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbn (default)
      Metadata:
        creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
        handler_name    : VideoHandler
        vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
        encoder         : Lavc61.19.100 mjpeg
      Side data:
        cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/200000 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
[image2 @ 0x134f16080] The specified filename 'out.jpg' does not contain an image sequence pattern or a pattern is invalid.
[image2 @ 0x134f16080] Use a pattern such as %03d for an image sequence or use the -update option (with -frames:v 1 if needed) to write a single image.
[out#0/image2 @ 0x134f10480] video:5KiB audio:0KiB subtitle:0KiB other streams:0KiB global headers:0KiB muxing overhead: unknown
frame=    1 fps=0.0 q=5.1 Lsize=N/A time=00:00:00.03 bitrate=N/A speed=4.07x   


  


  however, when I use custom compiled ffmpeg.wasm it fails with :

  


  ffmpeg version N-118050-ga518b5540d Copyright (c) 2000-2024 the FFmpeg developers
  built with emcc (Emscripten gcc/clang-like replacement + linker emulating GNU ld) 3.1.73 (ac676d5e437525d15df5fd46bc2c208ec6d376a3)
  configuration: --target-os=none --arch=x86_32 --enable-cross-compile --enable-version3 --enable-zlib --enable-libaom --disable-encoder=libaom_av1 --enable-libopenh264 --enable-libkvazaar --enable-libvpx --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libvorbis --enable-libopus --enable-libwebp --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-librubberband --disable-x86asm --disable-inline-asm --disable-stripping --disable-programs --disable-doc --disable-debug --disable-runtime-cpudetect --disable-autodetect --extra-cflags='-O3 -flto -I/ffmpeg-wasm/build/include -pthread -msimd128' --extra-cxxflags='-O3 -flto -I/ffmpeg-wasm/build/include -pthread -msimd128' --extra-ldflags='-O3 -flto -I/ffmpeg-wasm/build/include -pthread -msimd128 -L/ffmpeg-wasm/build/lib' --pkg-config-flags=--static --nm=emnm --ar=emar --ranlib=emranlib --cc=emcc --cxx=em++ --objcc=emcc --dep-cc=emcc --enable-gpl --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265
  libavutil      59. 49.100 / 59. 49.100
  libavcodec     61. 26.100 / 61. 26.100
  libavformat    61.  9.100 / 61.  9.100
  libavdevice    61.  4.100 / 61.  4.100
  libavfilter    10.  6.101 / 10.  6.101
  libswscale      8. 12.100 /  8. 12.100
  libswresample   5.  4.100 /  5.  4.100
  libpostproc    58.  4.100 / 58.  4.100
[hevc @ 0x38d0000] VPS 0 does not exist
[hevc @ 0x38d0000] SPS 0 does not exist.
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'input.mp4':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : mp42
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: mp42iso2mp41
    creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
    encoder         : HandBrake 1.5.1 2022011000
  Duration: 00:01:26.05, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 231 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x1](und): Video: hevc (Main) (hvc1 / 0x31637668), yuv420p(tv, bt709/reserved/bt709), 648x648 [SAR 1:1 DAR 1:1], 188 kb/s, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 90k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
      handler_name    : VideoHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp, 36 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      creation_time   : 2023-09-14T19:46:05.000000Z
      handler_name    : Mono
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
[hevc @ 0x38d0300] VPS 0 does not exist
[hevc @ 0x38d0300] SPS 0 does not exist.
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (hevc (native) -> mjpeg (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0x8ca0000] Unsupported input (Not supported): fmt:yuv420p csp:bt709 prim:reserved trc:bt709 -> fmt:yuv420p csp:bt709 prim:reserved trc:bt709
[vf#0:0 @ 0x3830900] Error while filtering: Not supported
[vf#0:0 @ 0x3830900] Task finished with error code: -138 (Not supported)
[vost#0:0/mjpeg @ 0x385ae40] [enc:mjpeg @ 0x3878b80] Could not open encoder before EOF
[vf#0:0 @ 0x3830900] Terminating thread with return code -138 (Not supported)
[vost#0:0/mjpeg @ 0x385ae40] Task finished with error code: -28 (Invalid argument)
[vost#0:0/mjpeg @ 0x385ae40] Terminating thread with return code -28 (Invalid argument)
[out#0/image2 @ 0x3851580] Nothing was written into output file, because at least one of its streams received no packets.
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=       0KiB time=N/A bitrate=N/A speed=N/A    
Conversion failed!
Process finished with exit code -138.


  


  I figured out the issue is color primaries prim:reserved, and the command can be updated to a working one by re-writing input primaries as following :

  


  ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf "colorspace=all=bt709:iprimaries=bt709" -frames:v 1 out.jpg


  


  However, I would like to compile ffmpeg.wasm so that it handles reserved primaries just like the one from homebrew.

  


  Any idea what the compiled ffmpeg.wasm is missing ?

  


• libavformat : add RCWT closed caption muxex

  14 janvier 2024, par Marth64

  libavformat : add RCWT closed caption muxex
  Signed-off-by : Marth64 <marth64@proxyid.net>
  Raw Captions With Time (RCWT) is a format native to ccextractor, a commonly
  
  used open source tool for processing 608/708 closed caption (CC) sources.
  
  It can be used to archive the original, raw CC bitstream and to produce
  
  a source file file for later CC processing or conversion. As a result,
  
  it also allows for interopability with ccextractor for processing CC data
  
  extracted via ffmpeg. The format is simple to parse and can be used
  
  to retain all lines and variants of CC.
  A free specification of RCWT can be found here :
  
  https://github.com/CCExtractor/ccextractor/blob/master/docs/BINARY_FILE_FORMAT.TXT
  
  This muxer implements the specification as of 01/05/2024, which has
  
  been stable and unchanged for 10 years as of this writing.
  This muxer will have some nuances from the way that ccextractor muxes RCWT.
  
  No compatibility issues when processing the output with ccextractor
  
  have been observed as a result of this so far, but mileage may vary
  
  and outputs will not be a bit-exact match.
  Specifically, the differences are :
  
  (1)  This muxer will identify as "FF" as the writing program identifier, so
  
  as to be honest about the output's origin.
  (2)  ffmpeg's MPEG-1/2, H264, HEVC, etc. decoders extract closed captioning
  
  data differently than ccextractor from embedded SEI/user data.
  
  For example, DVD captioning bytes will be translated to ATSC A53 format.
  
  This allows ffmpeg to handle 608/708 in a consistant way downstream.
  
  This is a lossless conversion and the meaningful data is retained.
  (3)  This muxer will not alter the extracted data except to remove invalid
  
  packets in between valid CC blocks. On the other hand, ccextractor
  
  will by default remove mid-stream padding, and add padding at the end
  
  of the stream (in order to convey the end time of the source video).
  

  • [DH] Changelog
  • [DH] doc/muxers.texi
  • [DH] libavformat/Makefile
  • [DH] libavformat/allformats.c
  • [DH] libavformat/rcwtenc.c
  • [DH] tests/fate/subtitles.mak

• 9 Form Optimisation Tips to Convert More Visitors

  15 février 2024, par Erin

  Forms might seem boring — that is, until you realise how powerful they are.

  No forms mean no leads.

  No leads mean no sales.

  No sales means you’ll run out of business.

  So, what do you do ?

  Optimise forms to land more leads.

  They’re a critical part of the sales funnel.

  Forms have many different purposes and can be used to :

  • Contact a company
  • Sign up for a newsletter
  • Request a demo
  • Start a free trial
  • And more

  If you want to get more leads (and ultimately more sales), then you need to optimise your forms.

  This guide will show you exactly how to do that (so you can start getting more conversions today). 

  What is form optimisation ?

  Before we dive into form optimisation, let’s back up a bit.

  Form conversion is our primary focus.

  Your form conversion rate is the percentage of visitors who submit a form divided by the total number of visitors who started the form times one hundred.

  For example, if 5,000 people started filling out your form this month and 350 submitted the form, the conversion rate would be : 

  350 / 5,000 x 100 = 7%

  So, what’s form optimisation ?

  

  It’s simply improving your forms to increase conversion rates.

  For most people, form conversion is all about increasing leads.

  Before you begin optimising your forms, it’s important you understand what’s good (and what’s not good) when it comes to form conversions.

  The average form conversion rate across all industries is 2.9%.

  This means you should expect about 3 out of every 100 visitors who start your form to submit it.

  If your form conversion is lower — or hovering around this number — then it’s important to start optimising now.

  With Matomo, you can track your form conversions with Matomo Form Analytics. Gain powerful insights into how your visitors interact with your forms with our intuitive dashboard.

  Why it’s important to optimise your forms

  Most people hear the word “forms” and think it’s boring.

  But forms are the doorway to leads.

  If you want to generate more sales, then you need to generate great forms.

  Here are five reasons you need to optimise your forms today :

  

  1. Improve conversions

  Form optimisation is really just conversion optimisation.

  But, instead of optimising and improving your site to directly improve sales conversions, you’re increasing lead conversions.

  Every smart website owner uses forms to draw people in further.

  The reality is that most of your website visitors will never return to your site.

  This means you need to do everything you can to grab their contact information so you can continue marketing to them day in and day out.

  Otherwise, you’ll lose them forever.

  When you know how to optimise your forms, you’ll be able to get a higher percentage of form viewers to fill it out.

  Higher conversions mean you get more leads, more customers, and ultimately more revenue.

  2. Capture more leads

  When you can increase your form conversion rate from 1% to 2%, it may seem insignificant.

  What’s a measly percentage point in conversions ?

  It’s a lot.

  When you’re dealing with traffic in the tens or hundreds of thousands each month, an increase in conversion rate by a whole percentile is massive.

  Let’s say you take your conversion rate from 2% to 3% on your form, and you have 70,000 visitors view the form each month.

  Well, if 1,400 people used to sign up to your email list each month at a 2% conversion rate, then at a 3% conversion rate, you’d get 2,100 new email signups every month.

  That’s a major difference.

  When you can improve your signup forms, you improve your lead generation (which is conversion rate optimisation). And the more leads you have, the more sales you’ll make in the long run.

  3. Get the most out of your traffic

  If your forms don’t perform well, then you’re wasting your time (and your traffic).

  By analysing your form data, you can quickly see what’s working and what’s not so you can optimise and improve the user experience (and your forms).

  For most people, this means getting more form viewers to fill out the form with their email and name.

  If 50,000 people visit your site each month, but only 1% of them fill out your form, you’re only getting 500 email signups per month.

  Rather than paying money to generate more traffic, why not just work on improving your website by implementing a better form ?

  If you can increase your form conversion rate to 2%, you will immediately go from 500 new subscribers per month to 1,000 per month.

  4. Spend less on acquisition

  If you’re able to get more form signups without having to generate more traffic, you just solved a pricey problem : acquisition costs.

  If you can now get 1,000 of your 50,000 visitors to sign up to your email list through a better form, then you doubled your signups.

  But that’s not all. You just cut your acquisition costs in half.

  If you spend $2,000 per month on acquisition but you’re able to get twice as many leads, then your acquisition costs are at 50% of what they used to be.

  This means you can pay the same amount but get twice as many leads.

  Or, you can pour even more money into acquisition since it’s now twice as effective so you can fuel growth even more.

  5. Grow revenue

  Forms generate revenue. It may not be direct (although, in some cases, it is). 

  But, forms will lead to sales.

  By placing optimised forms throughout your website at the right places, you will be able to capture a percentage of your visitors as leads, which means you’ll eventually make more sales.

  13 tips to optimise your forms for more conversions

  Now that you know what forms can do and why they’re important to grow your business, it’s time to dive into the best practices.

  Follow these 13 tips to ensure you’re getting the most out of your forms :

  

  1. Set form goals

  Your forms are hopeless without a goal.

  Before you set up a form on your website, ask yourself, “What am I trying to accomplish with this form ?”

  It could be :

  • Encouraging customers to reach out through a contact form
  • To get visitors to leave feedback on your product/service
  • Convert visitors into leads by giving you their email

  No matter what your goal is, make sure you’re clear on it ; otherwise, you won’t be as targeted and specific with your forms.

  Matomo Goals helps you set specific objectives for your marketing campaigns so you’re able to easily track conversions. Whether you’re looking to capture feedback or generate leads, you can leverage Matomo to see what’s working and what’s not in seconds.

  2. Remove or improve fields with high average time spent and high drop-off rates

  Delving into your Form Analytics provides invaluable insights into individual field performance. A crucial metric to focus on is the Average Time Spent. 

  If a field stands out with a significantly higher average time spent and experiences a high drop-off rate compared to others in the form, it’s a clear indicator that it’s causing frustration or confusion for your visitors.

  To address this, consider improving the field by converting it into a dropdown menu for easier completion or providing helpful text prompts. Alternatively, if the field isn’t essential, you might opt to remove it altogether.

  When you cut down on time spent and drop-offs, you’ll see your conversion rates go up.

  

  Here’s a standout example from Matomo’s Form Analytics feature : the “Overview of your needs” field is taking on average 1 minute and 37 seconds to complete. 

  To streamline this, we might want to consider a simple fix like converting it into a dropdown menu. This change would offer visitors a clearer and quicker way to select from options.

  

  Likewise, we observe that the “Overview of your needs” field experiences the highest drop-off rate, totaling 1,732 drop-offs. 

  With Form Analytics, it becomes clear what is needed to optimise forms and increase conversions.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  3. Start with the CTA

  When crafting and optimising your forms, you need to start with the end in mind. That’s why you need to start with your business goals.

  What are you trying to do with this form ? If you want to capture more emails, then make sure that’s very clear with the call to action (CTA).

  Start building your form by beginning with the CTA.

  For example : “Sign Up Now.”

  Once you have the action you want your potential customers to take, place it on the form. Then, you can work towards crafting the rest of the form.

  4. Put it above the fold

  If your visitors can’t find your form, they won’t fill it out. It’s plain and simple.

  You need to make sure your form is visible above the fold. This is the part of the screen that’s visible to your visitors once they land on your site (without needing to scroll down).

  Always remember to test this out on both desktop and mobile to ensure anyone (using laptops or a mobile device) will see your form upon landing on your site or page.

  Don’t forget about your mobile users. More people view mobile forms than desktop forms. 

  5. Put a CTA in the headline

  Your form needs to be clear.

  You have 1-3 seconds to communicate with your site visitors what your form is all about.

  For example, if you’re trying to get email signups with a lead magnet, then tell them the benefit quickly and concisely with a CTA in the headline, like this one :

  “Subscribe to Save 10% On Your Next Order”

  This is a great example of a headline-CTA combo that tells the visitor what to do and what they get out of it.

  Matomo’s behaviour analytics features like Session Recordings let you see where visitors are clicking and spending time. For example, if people are reading the headline, but not scrolling down to read the form, it’s probably a sign you need to test a different headline.

  6. Ensure you have the right fields

  Your form fields matter.

  What information are you trying to capture from your audience ?

  One beginner mistake people make is requiring too much information and including many fields in a form.

  You want to get as much data on your audience as possible, right ? Wrong.

  If you ask for too much information, people won’t fill it out, and it will harm the user experience. You need to make it super easy.

  If you want more emails to grow your list, then stick with someone’s email (and possibly their name as well). One line for a name. One line for an email address. Keep it simple.

  If you’re after SMS as well, don’t include it on the form. Instead, create a two-step form that pops up an SMS form after someone fills out the email form.

  Multi-step forms enable you to capture those emails easily (and still get a percentage to fill out the second form) without making it seem like too much work for your audience.

  Another path is to include optional fields (that users don’t have to fill out to click submit).

  Just keep in mind that shorter forms perform better than longer ones.

  If you make them too long, it feels like work for the user and will lead to lower completion rates.

  7. Always capture email address

  If you’re unsure of what information to capture (i.e. name, number, email, occupation, age, etc.), always stick to email.

  Email is used by over 4 billion people every single day, and it’s not going away anytime soon.

  When determining which fields to include, start with email.

  

  8. Test different buttons and copy

  You need to track your form performance if you want to get the best conversions.

  One of the best form elements to start testing is your button copy.

  In most cases, form completion buttons will have the word “submit” on them.

  But you don’t have to stick with this word.

  You can (and should) experiment with different submit button copy.

  Here are a few examples of replacement words for your action button :

  • Complete
  • Sign Up
  • Join now
  • Get started

  Remember to experiment with your action button. Try a different copy. Just keep it short.

  You can also try A/B testing your form by experimenting with different colours, copy, and more.

  

  In the example above from Matomo’s A/B testing feature, we found that changing the wording of our call to action made a big difference. The new “Apply Now” button performed much better, with a 3.6% conversion rate compared to just 1.7% for the original one.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  9. Test static vs. popup

  There are various types of online forms.

  The most common is the static form that just sits in one place and is always there.

  Another popular form type is the popup.

  This is where a form will appear based on a certain trigger like :

  • A certain amount of time on page
  • A certain distance scrolling down the page
  • If someone is a new or returning visitor

  Depending on the form software you use, you may be able to add conditional logic.

  Start tracking your form conversions

  Form optimisation is all about conversion rate optimisation.

  If you want to increase your conversions and generate more revenue, then you need to test out different forms and know how to optimise them.

  With Matomo, you can easily track, manage, and A/B test your forms so you can improve your conversions. 

  Try Matomo free for 21 days. No credit card required.

  Try Matomo for Free

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