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• Blog series part 2 : How to increase engagement of your website visitors, and turn them into customers

  8 septembre 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Marketing
  Long gone are the days of simply tracking page views as a measure of engagement. Now it’s about engagement analysis, which is layered and provides insight for effective data-driven decisions.

  Discover how engaged people are with your website by uncovering behavioural patterns that tell you how well your site and content is or isn’t performing. This insight helps you re-evaluate, adapt and optimise your content and strategy. The more engaged they are, the more likely you’ll be able to guide them on a predetermined journey that results in more conversions ; and helps you reach the goals you’ve set for your business. 

  Why is visitor engagement important ?

  It’s vital to measure engagement if you have anything content related that plays a role in your customer’s journey. Some websites may find more value in figuring out how engaging their entire site is, while others may only want to zone in on, say, a blogging section, e-newsletters, social media channels or sign-up pages.

  In the larger scheme of things, engagement can be seen as what’s running your site. Every aspect of the buyer’s journey requires your visitors to be engaged. Whether you’re trying to attract, convert or build a loyal audience base, you need to know your content is optimised to maintain their attention and encourage them along the path to purchase, conversion or loyalty.

  How to increase engagement with Matomo

  You need to know what’s going right or wrong to eventually be able to deliver more riveting content your visitors can’t help but be drawn to. Learn how to apply Matomo’s easy-to-use features to increase engagement :

  1. The Behaviour feature
  2. Heatmaps
  3. A/B Testing
  4. Media Analytics
  5. Transitions
  6. Custom reports
  7. Other metrics to keep an eye on

  1. Look at the Behaviour feature

  It allows you to learn how visitors are responding to your content. This information is gathered by drawing insight from features such as site search, downloads, events and content interactions. Learn more

  

  Matomo’s top five ways to increase engagement with the Behaviour feature :

  Behaviour -> Pages
  Get complete insights on what pages your users engage with, what pages provide little value to your business and see the results of entry and exit pages. If important content is generating low traffic, you need to place it where it can be seen. Spend time where it matters and focus on the content that will engage with your users and see how it eventually converts them into customers.

  Behaviour -> Site search
  Site search tracks how people use your website’s internal search engine. You can see :

  • What search keywords visitors used on your website’s internal search.
  • Which of those keywords resulted in no results (what content your visitors are looking for but cannot find).
  • What pages visitors visited immediately after a search.
  • What search categories visitors use (if your website employs search categories).

  Behaviour -> Downloads
  What are users wanting to take away with them ? They could be downloading .pdfs, .zip files, ebooks, infographics or other free/paid resources. For example, if you were working for an education institution and created valuable information packs for students that you made available online in .pdf format. To see an increase in downloads meant students were finding the .pdfs and realising the need to download them. No downloads could mean the information packs weren’t being found which would be problematic.

  Behaviour -> Events
  Tracking events is a very useful way to measure the interactions your users have with your website content, which are not directly page views or downloads.

  How have Events been used effectively ? A great example comes from one of our customers, Catalyst. They wanted to capture and measure the user interaction of accordions (an area of content that expands or closes depending on how a user interacts with it) to see if people were actually getting all the information available to them on this one page. By creating an Event to record which accordion had been opened, as well as creating events for other user interactions, they were able to figure out which content got the most engagement and which got the least. Being able to see how visitors navigated through their website helped them optimise the site to ensure people were getting the relevant information they were craving.

  Behaviour -> Content interactions
  Content tracking allows you to track interaction within the content of your web page. Go beyond page views, bounce rates and average time spent on page with your content. Instead, you can analyse content interaction rates based on mouse clicking and configuring scrolling or hovering behaviours to see precisely how engaged your users are. If interaction rates are low, perhaps you need to restructure your page layout to grab your user’s attention sooner. Possibly you will get more interaction when you have more images or banner ads to other areas of your business.

  

  Watch this video to learn about the Behaviour feature

  2. Set up Heatmaps

  Effortlessly discover how your visitors truly engage with your most important web pages that impact the success of your business. Heatmaps shows you visually where your visitors try to click, move the mouse and how far down they scroll on each page.

  

  You don’t need to waste time digging for key metrics or worry about putting together tables of data to understand how your visitors are interacting with your website. Heatmaps make it easy and fast to discover where your users are paying their attention, where they have problems, where useless content is and how engaging your content is. Get insights that you cannot get from traditional reports. Learn more

  TRY IT FOR FREE

  3. Carry out A/B testing

  With A/B Testing you reduce risk in your decision-making and can test what your visitors are responding well to. 

  

  Ever had discussions with colleagues about where to place content on a landing page ? Or discussed what the call-to-action should be and assumed you were making the best decisions ? The truth is, you never know what really works the best (and what doesn’t) unless you test it. Learn more

  How to increase engagement with A/B Testing : Test, test and test. This is a surefire way to learn what content is leading your visitors on a path to conversion and what isn’t.

  4. Media Analytics

  Tells you how visitors are engaging with your video or audio content, and whether they’re leading to your desired conversions. Track :

  • How many plays your media gets and which parts they viewed
  • Finish rates
  • How your media was consumed over time
  • How media was consumed on specific days
  • Which locations your users were viewing your content from
  • Learn more

  

  How to increase engagement with Media Analytics : These metrics give a picture of how audiences are behaving when it comes to your content. By showing insights such as, how popular your media content is, how engaging it is and which days content will be most viewed, you can tailor content strategies to produce content people will actually find interesting and watch/listen.

  Matomo example : When we went through the feature video metrics on our own site to see how our videos were performing, we noticed our Acquisition video had a 95% completion rate. Even though it was longer than most videos, the stats showed us it had, by far, the most engagement. By using Media Analytics to get insights on the best and worst performing videos, we gathered useful info to help us better allocate resources effectively so that in the future, we’re producing more videos that will be watched.

  5. Investigate transitions

  See which page visitors are entering the site from and where they exit to. Transitions shows engagement on each page and whether the content is leading them to the pages you want them to be directed to.

  

  This gives you a greater understanding of user pathways. You may be assuming visitors are finding your content from one particular pathway, but figure out users are actually coming through other channels you never thought of. Through Transitions, you may discover and capitalise on new opportunities from external sites.

  How to increase engagement with Transitions : Identify clearly where users may be getting distracted to click away and where other pages are creating opportunity to click-through to conversion. 

  6. Create Custom Reports

  You can choose from over 200 dimensions and metrics to get the insights you need as well as various visualisation options. This makes understanding the data incredibly easy and you can get the insights you need instantly for faster results without the need for a developer. Learn more

  

  How to increase engagement with Custom Reports : Set custom reports to see when content is being viewed and figure out how engaged users are by looking at different hours of the day or which days of the week they’re visiting your website. For example, you could be wondering what hour of the day performed best for converting your customers. Understanding these metrics helps you figure out the best time to schedule your blog posts, pay-per-click advertising, edms or social media posts knowing that your visitors are more likely to convert at different times.

  TRY IT FOR FREE

  7. Other metrics to key an eye on …

  A good indication of a great experience and of engagement is whether your readers, viewers or listeners want to do it again and again.

  “Best” metrics are hard to determine so you’ll need to ask yourself what you want to do or what you want your site to do. How do you want your users to behave or what kind of buyer’s journey do you want them to have ?

  Want to know where to start ? Look at …

  • Bounce rate – a high bounce rate isn’t great as people aren’t finding what they’re looking for and are leaving without taking action. (This offers great opportunities as you can test to see why people are bouncing off your site and figure out what you need to change.)
  • Time on site – a long time on site is usually a good indication that people are spending time reading, navigating and being engaged with your website. 
  • Frequency of visit – how often do people come back to interact with the content on your website ? The higher the % of your visitors that come back time and time again will show how engaged they are with your content.
  • Session length/average session duration – how much time users spend on site each session
  • Pages per session – is great to show engagement because it shows visitors are happy going through your website and learn more about your business.

  Key takeaway

  Whichever stage of the buyer’s journey your visitors are in, you need to ensure your content is optimised for engagement so that visitors can easily spend time on your website.

  “Every single visit by every single visitor is no longer judged as a success or a failure at the end of 29 min (max) session in your analytics tool. Every visit is not a ‘last-visit’, rather it becomes a continuous experience leading to a win-win outcome.” – Avinash Kaushik

  As you can tell, one size does not fit all when it comes to analysing and measuring engagement, but with a toolkit of features, you can make sure you have everything you need to experiment and figure out the metrics that matter to the success of your business and website.

  Concurrently, these gentle nudges for visitors to consume more and more content encourages them along their path to purchase, conversion or loyalty. They get a more engaging website experience over time and you get happy visitors/customers who end up coming back for more.

  TRY IT FOR FREE

  Want to learn how to increase conversions with Matomo ? Look out for the final in this series : part 3 ! We’ll go through how you can boost conversions and meet your business goals with web analytics. 

• Can't compile C library with C++ code using g++

  13 novembre 2019, par shayst

  I’m trying to create a C++ program that embeds FFMPEG functionality.
  To do that I took one FFMPEG example and recompiled it as is using g++ (only adding extern "C" where needed).
  Compilation is successful, but linking fails for undefined symbols.

  cc -I/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu -Wall -g -fPIC  -c -o bin/decode_video.o decode_video.cpp
  
  
  
  cc -Wl,--export-dynamic,--no-undefined -L /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ -shared -lavdevice -lavutil -lavcodec  bin/decode_video.o -o decode_video.so
  
  
  
  bin/decode_video.o: In function `decode(AVCodecContext*, AVFrame*, AVPacket*, char const*)':
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:60: undefined reference to `avcodec_send_packet'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:67: undefined reference to `avcodec_receive_frame'
  
  bin/decode_video.o: In function `main':
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:108: undefined reference to `av_packet_alloc'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:116: undefined reference to `avcodec_find_decoder'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:122: undefined reference to `av_parser_init'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:128: undefined reference to `avcodec_alloc_context3'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:139: undefined reference to `avcodec_open2'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:150: undefined reference to `av_frame_alloc'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:165: undefined reference to `av_parser_parse2'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:184: undefined reference to `av_parser_close'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:185: undefined reference to `avcodec_free_context'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:186: undefined reference to `av_frame_free'
  
  /home/admin1/ffmpeg_examples/decode_video.cpp:187: undefined reference to `av_packet_free'

  checking nm I see that there’s no name mangling in action so extern C seems to work well :

  nm bin/decode_video.o 
  
  
  
                   U avcodec_alloc_context3
  
                   U avcodec_find_decoder
  
                   U avcodec_free_context
  
                   U avcodec_open2
  
                   U avcodec_receive_frame
  
                   U avcodec_send_packet
  
                   U av_frame_alloc
  
                   U av_frame_free
  
                   U av_packet_alloc
  
                   U av_packet_free
  
                   U av_parser_close
  
                   U av_parser_init
  
                   U av_parser_parse2
  
                   U exit
  
                   U fclose
  
                   U feof
  
                   U fflush
  
                   U fopen
  
                   U fprintf
  
                   U fread
  
                   U fwrite
  
                   U _GLOBAL_OFFSET_TABLE_
  
  000000000000026f T main
  
                   U memset
  
                   U printf
  
                   U snprintf
  
                   U __stack_chk_fail
  
                   U stderr
  
                   U stdout
  
  00000000000000a3 t _ZL6decodeP14AVCodecContextP7AVFrameP8AVPacketPKc
  
  0000000000000000 t _ZL8pgm_savePhiiiPc

  checking the library, for one of the ’missing’ symbols, I can see it is implemented

  nm /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libavcodec.a | grep avcodec_send_packet
  
  
  
  00000000000033e0 T avcodec_send_packet
  
                   U avcodec_send_packet

  When compiling in C it works perfectly (without extern C of course) which makes me wonder what am I missing ?

  Below find FFMPEG example code for reference (decode_video.cpp) :

  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  
  
  extern "C"
  
  {
  
  #include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>
  
  }
  
  
  
  #define INBUF_SIZE 4096
  
  
  
  static void pgm_save(unsigned char *buf, int wrap, int xsize, int ysize,
  
                       char *filename)
  
  {
  
      FILE *f;
  
      int i;
  
  
  
      f = fopen(filename,"w");
  
      fprintf(f, "P5\n%d %d\n%d\n", xsize, ysize, 255);
  
      for (i = 0; i &lt; ysize; i++)
  
          fwrite(buf + i * wrap, 1, xsize, f);
  
      fclose(f);
  
  }
  
  
  
  static void decode(AVCodecContext *dec_ctx, AVFrame *frame, AVPacket *pkt,
  
                     const char *filename)
  
  {
  
      char buf[1024];
  
      int ret;
  
  
  
      ret = avcodec_send_packet(dec_ctx, pkt);
  
      if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Error sending a packet for decoding\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      while (ret >= 0) {
  
          ret = avcodec_receive_frame(dec_ctx, frame);
  
          if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN) || ret == AVERROR_EOF)
  
              return;
  
          else if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
              fprintf(stderr, "Error during decoding\n");
  
              exit(1);
  
          }
  
  
  
          printf("saving frame %3d\n", dec_ctx->frame_number);
  
          fflush(stdout);
  
  
  
          /* the picture is allocated by the decoder. no need to
  
             free it */
  
          snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s-%d", filename, dec_ctx->frame_number);
  
          pgm_save(frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0],
  
                   frame->width, frame->height, buf);
  
      }
  
  }
  
  
  
  int main(int argc, char **argv)
  
  {
  
      const char *filename, *outfilename;
  
      const AVCodec *codec;
  
      AVCodecParserContext *parser;
  
      AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
  
      FILE *f;
  
      AVFrame *frame;
  
      uint8_t inbuf[INBUF_SIZE + AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
  
      uint8_t *data;
  
      size_t   data_size;
  
      int ret;
  
      AVPacket *pkt;
  
  
  
      if (argc &lt;= 2) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <input file="file" /> <output file="file">\n"
  
                  "And check your input file is encoded by mpeg1video please.\n", argv[0]);
  
          exit(0);
  
      }
  
      filename    = argv[1];
  
      outfilename = argv[2];
  
  
  
      pkt = av_packet_alloc();
  
      if (!pkt)
  
          exit(1);
  
  
  
      /* set end of buffer to 0 (this ensures that no overreading happens for damaged MPEG streams) */
  
      memset(inbuf + INBUF_SIZE, 0, AV_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE);
  
  
  
      /* find the MPEG-1 video decoder */
  
      codec = avcodec_find_decoder(AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG1VIDEO);
  
      if (!codec) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Codec not found\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      parser = av_parser_init(codec->id);
  
      if (!parser) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "parser not found\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      c = avcodec_alloc_context3(codec);
  
      if (!c) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video codec context\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* For some codecs, such as msmpeg4 and mpeg4, width and height
  
         MUST be initialized there because this information is not
  
         available in the bitstream. */
  
  
  
      /* open it */
  
      if (avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL) &lt; 0) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not open codec\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      f = fopen(filename, "rb");
  
      if (!f) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not open %s\n", filename);
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      frame = av_frame_alloc();
  
      if (!frame) {
  
          fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      while (!feof(f)) {
  
          /* read raw data from the input file */
  
          data_size = fread(inbuf, 1, INBUF_SIZE, f);
  
          if (!data_size)
  
              break;
  
  
  
          /* use the parser to split the data into frames */
  
          data = inbuf;
  
          while (data_size > 0) {
  
              ret = av_parser_parse2(parser, c, &amp;pkt->data, &amp;pkt->size,
  
                                     data, data_size, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, AV_NOPTS_VALUE, 0);
  
              if (ret &lt; 0) {
  
                  fprintf(stderr, "Error while parsing\n");
  
                  exit(1);
  
              }
  
              data      += ret;
  
              data_size -= ret;
  
  
  
              if (pkt->size)
  
                  decode(c, frame, pkt, outfilename);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* flush the decoder */
  
      decode(c, frame, NULL, outfilename);
  
  
  
      fclose(f);
  
  
  
      av_parser_close(parser);
  
      avcodec_free_context(&amp;c);
  
      av_frame_free(&amp;frame);
  
      av_packet_free(&amp;pkt);
  
  
  
      return 0;
  
  }
  
  </output>

• How to convert H264 RTP stream from PCAP to a playable video file

  7 novembre 2017, par yoosha

  I have captured stream of H264 in PCAP files and trying to create media files from the data. The container is not important (avi,mp4,mkv,…).
  When I’m using videosnarf or rtpbreak (combined with python code that adds 00 00 00 01 before each packet) and then ffmpeg, the result is OK only if the input frame rate is constant (or near constant). However, when the input is vfr, the result plays too fast (and on same rare cases too slow).
  For example :

  videosnarf -i captured.pcap –c
  ffmpeg -i H264-media-1.264 output.avi

  After doing some investigation of the issue I believe now that since the videosnarf (and rtpbreak) are removing the RTP header from the packets, the timestamp is lost and ffmpeg is referring to the input data as cbr.

  1. I would like to know if there is a way to pass (on a separate file ?)
     the timestamps vector or any other information to ffmpeg so the
     result will be created correctly ?
  2. Is there any other way I can take the data out of the PCAP file and play it or convert it and then play it ?
  3. Since all work is done in Python, any suggestion of libraries/modules that can help with the work (even if requires some codding) is welcome as well.

  Note : All work is done offline, no limitations on the output. It can be cbr/vbr, any playable container and transcoding. The only "limitation" I have : it should all run on linux…

  Thanks
  Y

  Some additional information :
  Since the nothing provides the FFMPEG with the timestamp data, i decided to try a different approach : skip videosnarf and use Python code to pipe the packets directly to ffmpeg (using the "-f -i -" options) but then it refuses to accept it unless I provide an SDP file...
  How do I provide the SDP file ? is it an additional input file ? ("-i config.sdp")

  The following code is an unsuccessful try doing the above :

  import time  
  
  import sys  
  
  import shutil  
  
  import subprocess  
  
  import os  
  
  import dpkt  
  
  
  
  if len(sys.argv) < 2:  
  
      print "argument required!"  
  
      print "txpcap <pcap file="file">"  
  
      sys.exit(2)  
  
  pcap_full_path = sys.argv[1]  
  
  
  
  ffmp_cmd = ['ffmpeg','-loglevel','debug','-y','-i','109c.sdp','-f','rtp','-i','-','-na','-vcodec','copy','p.mp4']  
  
  
  
  ffmpeg_proc = subprocess.Popen(ffmp_cmd,stdout = subprocess.PIPE,stdin = subprocess.PIPE)  
  
  
  
  with open(pcap_full_path, "rb") as pcap_file:  
  
      pcapReader = dpkt.pcap.Reader(pcap_file)  
  
      for ts, data in pcapReader:  
  
          if len(data) &lt; 49:  
  
              continue  
  
          ffmpeg_proc.stdin.write(data[42:])
  
  
  
  sout, err = ffmpeg_proc.communicate()  
  
  print "stdout ---------------------------------------"  
  
  print sout  
  
  print "stderr ---------------------------------------"  
  
  print err  
  
  </pcap>

  In general this will pipe the packets from the PCAP file to the following command :

  ffmpeg -loglevel debug -y -i 109c.sdp -f rtp -i - -na -vcodec copy p.mp4

  SDP file : [RTP includes dynamic payload type # 109, H264]

  v=0
  o=- 0 0 IN IP4 ::1
  s=No Name
  c=IN IP4 ::1
  t=0 0
  a=tool:libavformat 53.32.100
  m=video 0 RTP/AVP 109
  a=rtpmap:109 H264/90000
  a=fmtp:109
  packetization-mode=1 ;profile-level-id=64000c ;sprop-parameter-sets=Z2QADKwkpAeCP6wEQAAAAwBAAAAFI8UKkg==,aMvMsiw= ;
  b=AS:200

  Results :

  ffmpeg version 0.10.2 Copyright (c) 2000-2012 the FFmpeg developers
  built on Mar 20 2012 04:34:50 with gcc 4.4.6 20110731 (Red Hat
  4.4.6-3) configuration : —prefix=/usr —libdir=/usr/lib64 —shlibdir=/usr/lib64 —mandir=/usr/share/man —enable-shared —enable-runtime-cpudetect —enable-gpl —enable-version3 —enable-postproc —enable-avfilter —enable-pthreads —enable-x11grab —enable-vdpau —disable-avisynth —enable-frei0r —enable-libopencv —enable-libdc1394 —enable-libdirac —enable-libgsm —enable-libmp3lame —enable-libnut —enable-libopencore-amrnb —enable-libopencore-amrwb —enable-libopenjpeg —enable-librtmp —enable-libschroedinger —enable-libspeex —enable-libtheora —enable-libvorbis —enable-libvpx —enable-libx264 —enable-libxavs —enable-libxvid —extra-cflags=’-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector —param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -fPIC’ —disable-stripping libavutil 51. 35.100 / 51. 35.100 libavcodec 53. 61.100 / 53. 61.100 libavformat 53. 32.100
  / 53. 32.100 libavdevice 53. 4.100 / 53. 4.100
  libavfilter 2. 61.100 / 2. 61.100 libswscale 2. 1.100
  / 2. 1.100 libswresample 0. 6.100 / 0. 6.100
  libpostproc 52. 0.100 / 52. 0.100 [sdp @ 0x15c0c00] Format sdp
  probed with size=2048 and score=50 [sdp @ 0x15c0c00] video codec set
  to : h264 [NULL @ 0x15c7240] RTP Packetization Mode : 1 [NULL @
  0x15c7240] RTP Profile IDC : 64 Profile IOP : 0 Level : c [NULL @
  0x15c7240] Extradata set to 0x15c78e0 (size : 36) !error,_recognition
  separate : 1 ; 1 [h264 @ 0x15c7240] error,_recognition combined : 1 ;
  10001 [sdp @ 0x15c0c00] decoding for stream 0 failed [sdp @
  0x15c0c00] Could not find codec parameters (Video : h264) [sdp @
  0x15c0c00] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate
  109c.sdp : could not find codec parameters Traceback (most recent
  call last) : File "./ffpipe.py", line 26, in
  ffmpeg_proc.stdin.write(data[42 :]) IOError : [Errno 32] Broken pipe

  (forgive the mass above, the editor keep on complaining about code that is not indented OK ??)

  I’m working on this issue for days... any help/suggestion/hint will be appreciated.