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• Announcing the first free software Blu-ray encoder

  25 avril 2010, par Dark Shikari — blu-ray, x264

  For many years it has been possible to make your own DVDs with free software tools. Over the course of the past decade, DVD creation evolved from the exclusive domain of the media publishing companies to something basically anyone could do on their home computer.

  But Blu-ray has yet to get that treatment. Despite the “format war” between Blu-ray and HD DVD ending over two years ago, free software has lagged behind. “Professional” tools for Blu-ray video encoding can cost as much as $100,000 and are often utter garbage. Here are two actual screenshots from real Blu-rays : I wish I was making this up.

  But today, things change. Today we take the first step towards a free software Blu-ray creation toolkit.

  Thanks to tireless work by Kieran Kunyha, Alex Giladi, Lamont Alston, and the Doom9 crowd, x264 can now produce Blu-ray-compliant video. Extra special thanks to The Criterion Collection for sponsoring the final compliance test to confirm x264′s Blu-ray compliance.

  With x264′s powerful compression, as demonstrated by the incredibly popular BD-Rebuilder Blu-ray backup software, it’s quite possible to author Blu-ray disks on DVD9s (dual-layer DVDs) or even DVD5s (single-layer DVDs) with a reasonable level of quality. With a free software encoder and less need for an expensive Blu-ray burner, we are one step closer to putting HD optical media creation in the hands of the everyday user.

  To celebrate this achievement, we are making available for download a demo Blu-ray encoded with x264, containing entirely free content !

  On this Blu-ray are the Open Movie Project films Big Buck Bunny and Elephant’s Dream, available under a Creative Commons license. Additionally, Microsoft has graciously provided about 6 minutes of lossless HD video and audio (from part of a documentary project) under a very liberal license. This footage rounds out the Blu-ray by adding some difficult live-action content in addition to the relatively compressible CGI footage from the Open Movie Project. Finally, we used this sound sample, available under a Creative Commons license.

  You may notice that the Blu-ray image is only just over 2GB. This is intentional ; we have encoded all the content on the disk at appropriate bitrates to be playable from an ordinary 4.7GB DVD. This should make it far easier to burn a copy of the Blu-ray, since Blu-ray burners and writable media are still relatively rare. Most Blu-ray players will treat a DVD containing Blu-ray data as a normal Blu-ray disc. A few, such as the Playstation 3, will not, but you can still play it as a data disc.

  Finally, note that (in accordance with the Blu-ray spec) the disc image file uses the UDF 2.5 filesystem, which may be incompatible with some older virtual drive and DVD burning applications. You’ll also need to play it on an actual Blu-ray player if you want to get the menus and such working correctly. If you’re looking to play it on a PC, a free trial of Arcsoft TMT is available here.

  What are you waiting for ? Grab a copy today !

  UPDATE : Here is an AVCHD-compliant version of the above, which should work better when burned on a DVD-5 instead of a BD-R. (mirror)
  

  What’s left before we have a fully free software Blu-ray creation toolkit ? Audio is already dealt with ; AC3 audio (aka Dolby Digital), the format used in DVD, is still supported by Blu-ray, and there are many free software AC3 encoders. The primary missing application is a free software Blu-ray authoring tool, to combine the video and audio streams to create a Blu-ray file structure with the menus, chapters, and so forth that we have all come to expect. But the hardest part is dealt with : we can now create compatible video and audio streams.

  In the meantime, x264 can be used to create streams to be authored using Blu-Print, Scenarist, Encore or other commercial authoring tools.

  More detailed documentation on the new Blu-ray support and how to use it can be found in the official commit message. Do keep in mind that you have to export to raw H.264 (not MKV or MP4) or else the buffering information will be slightly incorrect. Finally, also note that the encoding settings given as an example are not a good choice for general-purpose encoding : they are intentionally crippled by Blu-ray restrictions, which will significantly reduce compression for ordinary non-Blu-ray encoding.

  In addition to Blu-ray support, the aforementioned commit comes with a lot of fun extras :

  x264 now has native variable-framerate ratecontrol, which makes sure your encodes get a correct target bitrate and proper limiting of maximum bitrate even if the duration of every frame is different and the “framerate” is completely unknown. This helps a lot when encoding from variable-framerate container formats such as FLV and WMV, along with variable-framerate content such as anime.

  x264 now supports pulldown (telecine) in much the same fashion as it is handled in MPEG-2. The calling application can pass in flags representing how to display a frame, allowing easy transcoding from MPEG-2 sources with pulldown, such as broadcast television. The x264 commandline app contains some examples of these (such as the common 3:2 pulldown pattern).

  x264 now also exports HRD timing information, which is critical for compliant transport stream muxing. There is currently an active project to write a fully DVB-compatible free software TS muxer that will be able to interface with x264 for a seamless free software broadcast system. It will likely also be possible to repurpose this muxer as part of a free software Blu-ray authoring package.

  All of this is now available in the latest x264.

  http://mirror05.x264.nl/Dark/bluray%20fail.png

• More Weird VP8 Encodings

  10 décembre 2010, par Multimedia Mike — VP8

  When I announced that I had transitioned my VP8 encoder’s status from "toy" to "working", Jim L. lamented the loss of humorous posts about oddly encoded images output from my encoder. Not so ! There are still plenty of features that I have yet to implement, each of which carries the possibility of bizarre images.

  For example, I dusted off my work-in-progress intra 4x4 encoding, fixed a few of the more obvious bugs, and told the encoder to encode the first block in 4x4 mode and the rest in the usual, working, debugged 16x16 mode. The results of the first pass surprised me :

  
  
  

  The reason this surprised me was that I intuitively expected one of 2 outcomes :

  • Perfect image right away since everything is correct (very unlikely but not outside the realm of possibility)
  • Total garbage with, at most, the first macroblock looking somewhat legible ; this would be due to having some of the first macroblock correct but completely desynchronizing the bitstream for the purpose of decoding the rest of the coefficients.

  I absolutely did not expect the first macroblock to look messed up but for the rest of the picture to look fine. For fun, I reversed the logic and encoded the first block as 16x16 and the rest with the experimental 4x4 mode :

  
  
  

  If you examine carefully, you will see that the color planes are correct (though faint). There just isn’t much going on in the luma plane. This made sense when I noticed the encoder was encoding a blank (undefined, actually) set of luma coefficients for 4x4 mode macroblocks due to a bug. This helps to rationalize the first image as well— the first macroblock was encoding nonsense for the first macroblock which messed up the macroblocks which immediately surrounded it. Eventually, macroblock decoding got back on track when the prediction modes weren’t relying on the errantly decoded macroblocks.

  After I fixed that bug, I let the 4x4 mode rip through the whole image. That’s when I got what I am terming the "dark and gritty reboot of Big Buck Bunny" :

  
  
  

  Fortunately, this also turned out to be traceable to a pretty obvious code bug.

  One day, this VP8 encoder might do the right thing while implementing all of the algorithm’s features. In the meantime, it’s at least entertaining to watch it make mistakes.

• How do dcraw and stdin work together ?

  25 juillet 2018, par Metin Akkın

  I want to use this :

  dcraw -a -q 3 -6 -v -I < a.nef

  but the picture becomes a dark image. I changed draw.c library but it doesnt work. I want to use stdin and I use this link : https://blog.mclemon.io/dcraw-and-stdin. Please help me.