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• Can ffmpeg write metadata encoder when transcoding alac/flac to aac audio file ?

  11 juin 2022, par David I

  I have a collection of alac and flac files from Bandcamp and an ffmpeg instance compiled with libfdk_aac https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/CompilationGuide/Centos#libfdk_aac and am trying to convert these to lossy audio aac files for non-critical listening.

  


  With ffmpeg -i Liholesie\ -\ Shamanic\ Twilight\ -\ 09\ Gray\ Wings.m4a -c:a libfdk_aac -vbr 4 -c:v copy 09_Gray_wings_vbr4.m4a an expected aac .m4a audio file is produced, album art included, works well. There's one slight detail missing :

  


  During the ffmpeg conversion process ffmpeg says :

  


  Output #0, ipod, to '09_Gray_wings_vbr4.m4a':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : M4A 
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: M4A isomiso2
    title           : Gray Wings
    artist          : Liholesie
    album_artist    : Liholesie
    album           : Shamanic Twilight
    comment         : Visit https://liholesie.bandcamp.com
    date            : 2021
    track           : 9
    encoder         : Lavf59.24.100
  Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj444p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 700x700 [SAR 72:72 DAR 1:1], q=2-31, 90k tbr, 90k tbn (attached pic)
  Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, s16 (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
      encoder         : Lavc59.33.100 libfdk_aac 
..




  


  and the file produced looks like that when ffprobed except that the Metadata : encoder field is missing :

  


  Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '09_Gray_wings_vbr4.m4a':
  Metadata:
    major_brand     : M4A 
    minor_version   : 512
    compatible_brands: M4A isomiso2
    title           : Gray Wings
    artist          : Liholesie
    album_artist    : Liholesie
    album           : Shamanic Twilight
    date            : 2021
    encoder         : Lavf59.24.100
    comment         : Visit https://liholesie.bandcamp.com
    track           : 9
  Duration: 00:06:57.78, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 155 kb/s
  Stream #0:0[0x2](und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 152 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      handler_name    : SoundHandler
      vendor_id       : [0][0][0][0]
  Stream #0:1[0x0]: Video: mjpeg (Baseline), yuvj444p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 700x700 [SAR 72:72 DAR 1:1], 90k tbr, 90k tbn (attached pic)


  


  Is there a way to write the encoder field in the Metadata section when transcoding (or is "encoder" not supported for aac m4a ? That would be weird since ffmpeg says what it says when specifying output during transcoding) .

  


  Any hints on how to write a self-defined text to said tag during transcoding are also welcome.

  


• 4 Ways to Embed User Privacy & Data Security in Your Business

  15 juillet 2022, par Erin — Privacy

  Customer analytics undeniably plays a vital role for businesses. Product improvements, interface personalisation, content improvements, and creative advertising thrive on data. 

  Yet, there’s a fine line between being a customer-centred company and a privacy-violating one. 

  Due to ubiquitous online tracking, 62% of Americans now believe that it’s impossible to go about their daily lives without companies collecting data about them. Still, despite the importance of privacy in business for consumers, companies are reluctant to act. Privacy initiatives often stay on the back burner due to perceived complexity. That’s true to some extent.

  Privacy in business does assume complex technical changes to your data management. But to be a privacy-centred organisation, you also need to re-think your processes, practices, and culture. 

  Here are four ways to start your journey to better user privacy and data security. 

  1. Revise Your Data Collection Process to Gain Consumer Trust 

  The public is wary of sharing data with businesses because they are suspicious of its subsequent usage. 

  However, not all data collection is bad or wrong. In many cases, you need specific data for service delivery, compliance, or good-natured personalisation. 

  That’s exactly what consumers expect. Almost half of US consumers say they’d trust a company that limits the amount of personal information requested and only asks for data relevant to its products/services. 

  By limiting data collection and offering transparent data usage terms, you can : 

  • Reassure reluctant users to try your product or service — hence, boost conversions and sales. 
  • Retain existing audiences by gaining their trust, which leads to loyalty and higher customer lifetime value (CLV). 

  To gain consumers’ trust, implement proper consent and opt-out mechanisms. Then create educational materials about how you are collecting and using their data.

  2. Perform Data Mapping to Determine Where Sensitive Data Rests 

  Businesses are already pressed with an expanded cyber-security radar, courtesy of remote work, digital payment processing, IoT device adoption, etc. Yet, 41% of the executives don’t think their security initiatives have kept up with the digital transformations.

  Loopholes in security eventually result in a data breach. The average cost of a data breach looms at $4.24 million globally. The sum includes regulatory fines and containment costs, plus indirect losses in the form of reduced brand equity and market share. 

  Lax data protection in business also undermines consumer trust : 87% of consumers wouldn’t transact with a company if they had qualms with its security practices. 

  To improve your security posture, analyse where you are storing sensitive consumer data, who has access to it (internally and externally), and how you are protecting it. Then work with cybersecurity specialists on implementing stronger consumer security mechanisms (e.g. auto-log offs, secure password policy, etc) and extra internal security policies (if needed). 

  At the same time, start practising data minimisation. Ensure that all collected data is : 

  • Adequate – sufficient to meet your stated objectives 
  • Relevant – is rationally linked to the objectives 
  • Limited – no unnecessary data is collected or stored
  • Timely – data is periodically reviewed and removed when unnecessary 

  

  These principles prevent data hoarding. Also, they help improve your security posture and regulatory compliance by reducing the volume of information you need to safeguard.

  3. Do an Inventory of Your Business Tools

  Data leaks and consumer privacy breaches often occur through third parties. Because Google Analytics was deemed in breach of European GDPR in France, Austria and Italy, businesses using it are vulnerable to lawsuits (which are already happening). 

  Investigate your corporate toolkit to determine “weak links” – tools with controversial privacy policies, murky data collection practices, and poor security. 

  Treat it as a journey and pick your battles. By relying on Big Tech products for years, you might have overlooked better alternatives. 

  For example :

  • Matomo is a privacy-centred Google Analytics alternative. Our web analytics is compliant with GDPR, CCPA, and other global privacy laws. Unlike Google Analytics, we don’t exploit any data you collect and provide full transparency into how and where it’s stored. Or if you want a simple analytics solution, Fathom is another great privacy-friendly option.

  

  • For online data storage, you can choose Proton Drive or Nextcloud (open-source). Or host your corporate data with a local cloud hosting provider to avoid cross-border data transfers.

  

  Aim to progressively replace Google products with more privacy-centred alternatives. 

  4. Cultivate a Privacy-Centred Corporate Culture 

  To make privacy a competitive advantage, you need every team member (at every level) to respect its importance. 

  This is a continuous process of inspiring and educating your people. Find “privacy ambassadors” who are willing to lead the conversations, educate others, and provide resources for leading the change. 

  On an operational level, incorporate privacy principles around data minimisation, bounded collection, and usage into your Code of Conduct, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and other policies. 

  Creating a privacy-centric culture takes effort, but it pays off well. Cisco estimates that for each dollar spent on privacy, an average organisation gets $2.70 in associated benefits. Almost half (47%) of organisations gain 2X returns on their privacy initiatives.

  Moving Forward with a Data Privacy Programme 

  Privacy has become a strong differentiator for brands. Consumers crave transparency and ethical data usage. Regulators mandate limited data collection and proper security mechanisms.

  But sweeping changes are hard to implement. So start small and go one step at a time. Understand which first-party data your company collects and how it is stored.

  Then look into the tools and technologies you are using for data collection. Do these provide sufficient privacy controls ? How are they using data collected on your behalf ? Finally, move to wider transformations, pertaining to data management, cybersecurity, and cultural practices. 

  Be consistent with your effort — and eventually, all the pieces will fall into place. 

• Discord.js v14 : AudioPlayer isn't working

  6 septembre 2023, par colonelPanic

  I'm new to javascript in general, and I'm making a Discord bot that can join a voice channel and play some audio. When I run the slash command that I set up, I get no errors and a reply that suggests that everything is running correctly, but no audio is playing. I've looked at the documentation for the audio player and some examples of how to do this on youtube, but I can't find any hints as to why there's no audio.

  


  The command that I'm using to handle the audio player is shown below :

  


  // These are the contents of the 'play.js' file where I'm defining and exporting the slash command 

const { SlashCommandBuilder } = require('discord.js');
const { createAudioPlayer, 
        NoSubscriberBehavior, 
        AudioPlayerStatus,
        getVoiceConnection,
        createAudioResource,
        joinVoiceChannel
      } = require('@discordjs/voice');

module.exports = {
    data: new SlashCommandBuilder()
        .setName('play')
        .setDescription('Plays a song/sound in the voice channel you are in.')
        .addStringOption((option) => 
            option
            .setName('sound')
            .setDescription('The sound/song to play.')
            .setRequired(true)
            .addChoices(
                {name: 'spiderman-pizza', value: 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czTksCF6X8Y'},
                {name: 'royaltyfree-1',   value: 'C:/resources/sounds/royaltyfree-1.mp3'}
            )
        ),
    async execute(interaction) {
        // Create the audio player
        const audioPlayer = createAudioPlayer({
            behaviors: {
                noSubscriber: NoSubscriberBehavior.Pause,
            },
        });
        // Get the existing voice connection
        var connection = getVoiceConnection(interaction.guild.id);
        // If there is no existing connection, create one
        if (!connection) {
            connection = joinVoiceChannel({
                channelId: interaction.member.voice.channel.id,
                guildId: interaction.guild.id,
                adapterCreator: interaction.guild.voiceAdapterCreator
            });
        }
        // Get the chosen audio resource and play it in the voice channel
        const resource = createAudioResource(interaction.options.getString('sound'));
        audioPlayer.play(resource);
        connection.subscribe(audioPlayer);

        interaction.reply({content: `Playing ${interaction.options.getString('sound')}`, ephemeral: true});
    }
}


  


  I don't get any errors when I execute this command with either of the available choices, but the audio player doesn't play anything. On the Discord server, I've given the bot all permissions except for Administrator, and the intents that I've specified in the code can be seen below :

  


  const { 
    Client, 
    Collection, 
    Events, 
    GatewayIntentBits,
 } = require('discord.js');

// Create a new client instance
const client = new Client({ 
    intents: [
            GatewayIntentBits.Guilds,
            GatewayIntentBits.MessageContent,
            GatewayIntentBits.GuildMessages,
            GatewayIntentBits.GuildMembers,
            GatewayIntentBits.GuildVoiceStates
            ] 
        }
    );


  


  I know that the '/play' command is registered and that the bot can join the user's voice channel when '/play' is executed. I've installed 'libsodium-wrappers' (encryption package), 'ffmpeg-static', and '@discordjs/voice' using npm so I don't think there should be any dependency issues. Does anyone have an idea of why the audio isn't playing ?