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• AWS Lambda subprocess OSError : [Errno 2] No such file or directory

  11 septembre 2016, par Lev

  I’m trying to create a lambda function that makes collection of thumbnails from a video on amazon s3 using ffmpeg. ffmpeg binary is included into fuction package.

  function code :

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  
  
  
  import stat
  
  import shutil
  
  import boto3
  
  import logging
  
  import subprocess as sp
  
  import os
  
  import threading
  
  
  
  thumbnail_prefix = 'thumb_'
  
  thumbnail_ext = '.jpg'
  
  time_delta = 1
  
  video_frames_path = 'media/videos/frames'
  
  
  
  print('Loading function')
  
  logger = logging.getLogger()
  
  logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
  
  
  
  lambda_tmp_dir = '/tmp'  # Lambda fuction can use this directory.
  
  
  
  # ffmpeg is stored with this script.
  
  # When executing ffmpeg, execute permission is requierd.
  
  # But Lambda source directory do not have permission to change it.
  
  # So move ffmpeg binary to `/tmp` and add permission.
  
  ffmpeg_bin = "{0}/ffmpeg.linux64".format(lambda_tmp_dir)
  
  shutil.copyfile('/var/task/ffmpeg.linux64', ffmpeg_bin)
  
  
  
  os.chmod(ffmpeg_bin, 777)
  
  
  
  # tried also:
  
  # os.chmod(ffmpeg_bin, os.stat(ffmpeg_bin).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
  
  
  
  s3 = boto3.client('s3')
  
  
  
  
  
  def get_thumb_filename(num):
  
      return '{prefix}{num:03d}{ext}'.format(prefix=thumbnail_prefix, num=num, ext=thumbnail_ext)
  
  
  
  
  
  def create_thumbnails(video_url):
  
      i = 1
  
      filenames_list = []
  
      filename = None
  
      while i == 1 or os.path.isfile(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), get_thumb_filename(i-1))):
  
          if filename:
  
              filenames_list.append(filename)
  
          time = time_delta * (i - 1)
  
          filename = get_thumb_filename(i)
  
          print(ffmpeg_bin)
  
          if os.path.isfile(ffmpeg_bin):
  
              print('ok')
  
          sp.call(['sudo',
  
                   ffmpeg_bin,
  
                   '-ss',
  
                   str(time),
  
                   '-i',
  
                   video_url,
  
                   '-frames:v',
  
                   '1',
  
                   get_thumb_filename(i)])
  
          i += 1
  
      print(filenames_list)
  
      return filenames_list
  
  
  
  
  
  def s3_upload_file(file_path, key, bucket, acl, content_type):
  
      file = open(file_path, 'r')
  
      s3.put_object(
  
          Bucket=bucket,
  
          ACL=acl,
  
          Body=file,
  
          Key=key,
  
          ContentType=content_type
  
      )
  
      logger.info("file {0} moved to {1}/{2}".format(file_path, bucket, key))
  
  
  
  
  
  def s3_upload_files_in_threads(filenames_list, dir_path, bucket, s3path, acl, content_type):
  
      for filename in filenames_list:
  
          if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(dir_path, filename)):
  
              print(os.path.join(dir_path, filename))
  
          t = threading.Thread(target=s3_upload_file,
  
                               args=(os.path.join(dir_path, filename),
  
                                     '{0}/{1}'.format(s3path, filename),
  
                                     bucket,
  
                                     acl,
  
                                     content_type)).start()
  
  
  
  
  
  def lambda_handler(event, context):
  
      bucket = event['Records'][0]['s3']['bucket']['name']
  
      video_key = event['Records'][0]['s3']['object']['key']
  
      video_name = video_key.split('/')[-1].split('.')[0]
  
      video_url = 'http://{0}/{1}'.format(bucket, video_key)
  
      filenames_list = create_thumbnails(video_url)
  
      s3_upload_files_in_threads(filenames_list,
  
                                 os.getcwd(),
  
                                 bucket,
  
                                 '{0}/{1}'.format(video_frames_path, video_name),
  
                                 'public-read',
  
                                 'image/jpeg')
  
      return

  during the execution I get following logs :

  Loading function
  
  
  
  /tmp/ffmpeg.linux64
  
  
  
  ok
  
  
  
  [Errno 2] No such file or directory: OSError
  
  Traceback (most recent call last):
  
   File "/var/task/lambda_function.py", line 112, in lambda_handler
  
   filenames_list = create_thumbnails(video_url)
  
   File "/var/task/lambda_function.py", line 77, in create_thumbnails
  
   get_thumb_filename(i)])
  
   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 522, in call
  
   return Popen(*popenargs, **kwargs).wait()
  
   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 710, in __init__
  
   errread, errwrite)
  
   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/subprocess.py", line 1335, in _execute_child
  
   raise child_exception
  
  OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory

  When I use the same sp.call() with the same ffmpeg binary on my ec2 instance it works fine.

• Saying Goodbye To Old Machines

  1er décembre 2014, par Multimedia Mike — General, powerpc, via

  I recently sent a few old machines off for recycling. Both had relevance to the early days of the FATE testing effort. As is my custom, I photographed them (poorly, of course).

  First, there’s the PowerPC-based Mac Mini I procured thanks to a Craigslist ad in late 2006. I had plans to develop automated FFmpeg building and testing and was already looking ahead toward testing multiple CPU architectures. Again, this was 2006 and PowerPC wasn’t completely on the outs yet– although Apple’s MacTel transition was in full swing, the entire new generation of video game consoles was based on PowerPC.

  
  

  

  Click for larger image

  
  

  I remember trying to find a Mac Mini PPC on Craigslist. Many were to be found, but all asked more than the price of even a new Mac Mini Intel, always because the seller was leaving all of last year’s applications and perhaps including a monitor, neither of which I needed. Fortunately, I found this bare Mac Mini. Also fortunate was the fact that it was far easier to install Linux on it than the first PowerPC machine I owned.

  After FATE operation transitioned away from me, I still kept the machine in service as an edge server and automated backup machine. That is, until the hard drive failed on reboot one day. Thus, when it was finally time to recycle the computer, I felt it necessary to disassemble the machine and remove the hard drive for possible salvage and then for destruction.
  

  If you’ve ever attempted to upgrade or otherwise service this style of Mac Mini, you will no doubt recognize the pictured paint scraper tool as standard kit. I have had that tool since I first endeavored to upgrade the RAM to 1 GB from the standard 1/2 GB. Performing such activities on a Mac Mini is tedious, but only if you care about putting it back together afterwards.

  The next machine is a bit older. I put it together nearly a decade ago, early in 2005. This machine’s original duty was “download agent”– this would be more specifically called a BitTorrent machine in modern tech parlance. Back then, I placed it on someone else’s woefully underutilized home broadband connection (with their permission, of course) when I was too cheap to upgrade from dialup.

  
  

  

  Click for larger image

  
  

  This is a small form factor system from VIA that was clearly designed with home theater PC (HTPC) use cases in mind. It has a VIA C3 x86-compatible CPU (according to my notes, Centaur VIA Samuel 2 stepping 03, flags : fpu de tsc msr cx8 mtrr pge mmx 3dnow) and 128 MB of RAM (initially ; I upgraded it to 512 MB some years later, just for the sake of doing it). And then there was the 120 GB PATA HD for all that downloaded goodness.

  
  

  

  Click for larger image

  
  

  I have specific memories of a time when my main computer at home wasn’t working correctly for one reason or another. Instead, I logged into this machine remotely via SSH to make several optimizations and fixes on FFmpeg’s VP3/Theora video decoder, all from the terminal, without being able to see the decoded images with my own eyes (which is why I insist that even blind people could work on video codecs).

  By the time I got my own broadband, I had become inspired to attempt the automated build and test system for FFmpeg. This was the machine I used for prototyping early brainstorms of FATE. By the time I put a basic build/test system into place in early 2008, I had much faster computers that could build and test the project– obvious limitation of this machine is that it could take at least 1/2 hour to build the entire codebase, and that was the project from 8 years ago.

  So the machine got stuffed in a closet somewhere along the line. The next time I pulled it out was in 2010 when I wanted to toy with Dreamcast programming once more (the machine appears in one of the photos in this post). This was the only machine I still owned which still had an RS-232 serial port (I didn’t know much about USB serial converters yet), plus it still had a bunch of pre-compiled DC homebrew binaries (I was having trouble getting the toolchain to work right).

  The next time I dusted off this machine was late last year when I was trying some experiments with the Microsoft Xbox’s IDE drive (a photo in that post also shows the machine ; this thing shows up a lot on this blog). The VIA machine was the only machine I still owned which had 40-pin IDE connectors which was crucial to my experiment.

  At this point, I was trying to make the machine more useful which meant replacing the ancient Gentoo Linux distribution as well as simply interacting with it via a keyboard and mouse. I have a long Evernote entry documenting a comedy of errors revolving around this little box. The interaction troubles were due to the fact that I didn’t have any PS/2 keyboards left and I couldn’t make a USB keyboard work with it. Diego was able to explain that I needed to flip a bit in the BIOS to address this which worked. As for upgrading the OS, I tried numerous Linux distributions large and small, mostly focusing on the small. None worked. I eventually learned that, while I was trying to use i686 distributions, this machine did not actually qualify as an i686 CPU ; installations usually booted but failed because the default kernel required the cmov instruction. I was advised to try i386 distros instead. My notes don’t indicate whether I had any luck on this front before I gave up and moved on.

  I just made the connection that this VIA machine has two 40-pin IDE connectors which means that the thing was technically capable of supporting up to 4 IDE devices. Obviously, the computer couldn’t really accommodate that in terms of space or power. When I wanted to try installing a new OS, I needed take off the top and connect a rather bulky IDE CD-ROM drive. This computer’s casing was supposed to be able to support a slimline optical drive (perhaps like the type found in laptops), but I could never quite visualize how that was supposed to work, space-wise. When I disassembled the PowerPC Mac Mini, I realized I might be able to repurpose that machines optical drive for this computer. Obviously, I thought better of trying since both machines are off to the recycle pile.

  I would still like to work on the Xbox project a bit more, but I procured a different, unused, much more powerful yet still old computer that has a motherboard with 1 PATA connector in addition to 6 SATA connectors. If I ever get around to toying with Linux kernel development, this should be a much more appropriate platform to use.

  I thought about turning this machine into an old Windows XP (and lower, down to Windows 3.1) gaming platform ; the capabilities of the machine would probably be perfect for a huge portion of my Windows game collection. But I think the lack of an optical drive renders this idea intractable. External USB drives are likely out of the question since there is very little chance that this motherboard featured USB 2.0 (the specs don’t mention 2.0, so the USB ports are probably 1.1).

  So it is with fond memories that I send off both machines, sans hard drives, to the recycle pile. I’m still deciding on an appropriate course of action for failed hard drives, though.

• ffmpeg same bit rate in hls file across resolutions

  4 août 2019, par Saurabh

  We are using following command to generate dash and hls file for a given video :

  ffmpeg -y -nostdin -loglevel error -i input.mp4 \
  
          -map 0:v:0  -map 0:v:0 -map 0:v:0  -map 0:v:0  -map 0:v:0  -map 0:v:0 -map 0:a\?:0  \
  
          -maxrate:v:0 350k -bufsize:v:0 700k  -c:v:0 libx264 -filter:v:0 "scale=320:-2"  \
  
          -maxrate:v:1 1000k -bufsize:v:0 2000k -c:v:1 libx264 -filter:v:1 "scale=640:-2"  \
  
          -maxrate:v:2 3000k -bufsize:v:0 6000k -c:v:2 libx264 -filter:v:2 "scale=1280:-2" \
  
          -maxrate:v:3 245k -bufsize:v:3 600k -c:v:3 libvpx-vp9 -filter:v:3 "scale=320:-2"  \
  
          -maxrate:v:4 700k  -bufsize:v:3 1400k -c:v:4 libvpx-vp9 -filter:v:4 "scale=640:-2"  \
  
          -maxrate:v:5 2100k -bufsize:v:3 4200k -c:v:5 libvpx-vp9 -filter:v:5 "scale=1280:-2"  \
  
          -use_timeline 1 -use_template 1 -adaptation_sets "id=0,streams=v  id=1,streams=a" \
  
          -threads 8 -seg_duration 5 -hls_playlist true -f dash output/output.mpd

  This works and generates hls files also as expected, one sample m3u8 file below :

  #EXTM3U
  
  #EXT-X-VERSION:7
  
  #EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=AUDIO,GROUP-ID="group_A1",NAME="audio_6",DEFAULT=YES,URI="media_6.m3u8"
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=129663,RESOLUTION=320x168,CODECS="avc1.64000c,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_0.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=129663,RESOLUTION=640x336,CODECS="avc1.64001e,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_1.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=129663,RESOLUTION=1280x670,CODECS="avc1.64001f,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_2.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=330756,RESOLUTION=320x168,CODECS="vp09.00.11.08,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_3.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=329663,RESOLUTION=640x336,CODECS="vp09.00.21.08,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_4.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=329663,RESOLUTION=1280x670,CODECS="vp09.00.31.08,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_5.m3u8

  Now as you notice, the Bandwidth is same for resolution of 320x168, 640x336 and 1280x670, which might have happened because of nature of video.

  But the issue with this is in iOS’s AVPlayer it always picks the minimum resolution one and never picks the better resolution stream even if it is available because of same bitrate.

  So the question I want to ask is : is there some option available to ensure - I always have some difference in the bitrates of different resolutions or more specific, bit rate always increase(may be just by few bytes) for increasing resolutions.

  ---

  EDIT

  Earlier I was using -b:v option per output instead of -maxrate:v, I was getting following output for same video :

  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=479663,RESOLUTION=320x168,CODECS="avc1.64000c,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_0.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1129663,RESOLUTION=640x336,CODECS="avc1.64001e,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_1.m3u8
  
  
  
  #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=3129663,RESOLUTION=1280x670,CODECS="avc1.64001f,mp4a.40.2",AUDIO="group_A1"
  
  media_2.m3u8

  If you see, Bandwidth has increased considerably, for the same video and same video quality, also all the file sizes also increased 4x. as par my understanding with maxrate option, ffmpeg optimises the output and provides only required bandwidth, while with b:v option it forcefully increases the bandwidth to given values without any benefit in terms of quality. So essentially you get same quality video at much higher bandwidth.

  Which is why I want to use maxrate option but with increasing bandwidth. If I manually change the bandwidth to increasing order in the output with maxrate option, adaptive bit rate starts to work in iOS’s AVPlayer.