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• Encode video for ipod classic

  13 janvier 2023, par mulllhausen

  I just finished installing ffmpeg on debian wheezy using these instructions - http://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/UbuntuCompilationGuide. Now I want to encode a video to play on my iPod classic. The video has the following info :

  



  $ mediainfo in.mp4 
General
Complete name                            : in.mp4
Format                                   : MPEG-4
Format profile                           : Base Media / Version 2
Codec ID                                 : mp42
File size                                : 1.21 GiB
Duration                                 : 55mn 10s
Overall bit rate mode                    : Variable
Overall bit rate                         : 3 130 Kbps
Encoded date                             : UTC 2010-08-25 23:38:59
Tagged date                              : UTC 2010-08-25 23:38:59

Video
ID                                       : 1
Format                                   : AVC
Format/Info                              : Advanced Video Codec
Format profile                           : High@L3.2
Format settings, CABAC                   : Yes
Format settings, ReFrames                : 2 frames
Codec ID                                 : avc1
Codec ID/Info                            : Advanced Video Coding
Duration                                 : 55mn 10s
Bit rate mode                            : Variable
Bit rate                                 : 3 000 Kbps
Maximum bit rate                         : 5 000 Kbps
Width                                    : 1 280 pixels
Height                                   : 720 pixels
Display aspect ratio                     : 16:9
Frame rate mode                          : Constant
Frame rate                               : 29.970 fps
Standard                                 : NTSC
Color space                              : YUV
Chroma subsampling                       : 4:2:0
Bit depth                                : 8 bits
Scan type                                : Progressive
Bits/(Pixel*Frame)                       : 0.109
Stream size                              : 1.16 GiB (96%)
Language                                 : English
Encoded date                             : UTC 2010-07-21 13:28:49
Tagged date                              : UTC 2010-07-21 13:28:49
Color primaries                          : BT.709-5, BT.1361, IEC 61966-2-4, SMPTE RP177
Transfer characteristics                 : BT.709-5, BT.1361
Matrix coefficients                      : BT.709-5, BT.1361, IEC 61966-2-4 709, SMPTE RP177

Audio
ID                                       : 2
Format                                   : AAC
Format/Info                              : Advanced Audio Codec
Format profile                           : LC
Codec ID                                 : 40
Duration                                 : 55mn 10s
Bit rate mode                            : Variable
Bit rate                                 : 125 Kbps
Maximum bit rate                         : 270 Kbps
Channel(s)                               : 2 channels
Channel positions                        : Front: L R
Sampling rate                            : 44.1 KHz
Compression mode                         : Lossy
Stream size                              : 49.4 MiB (4%)
Language                                 : English
Encoded date                             : UTC 2010-07-21 13:28:49
Tagged date                              : UTC 2010-07-21 13:28:49
mdhd_Duration                            : 3310353


  



  I have already tried just copying the video to the IPod with banshee but the video just shows a black screen. Which is the best format to play the video on the Ipod ? What ffmpeg parameters should I use ? I would like to maximize resolution while minimizing file size.

  


• Transcode WEBM to RTMP

  7 avril 2024, par Justin White

  Summary

  


  My goal is to take a webcam stream from the browser and feed it into a program called Restreamer that takes in an RTMP stream.

  


  I've deduced that the browser Recording API produces Blobs that can be saved as WEBM.

  


  In order to stream the WEBM content to Restreamer I am attempting to use FFmpeg. I've read that forcing FLV format is required but otherwise all of the arguments are Greek to me. I've been unable to find a comparable topic where someone has tried to go from WEBM to RTMP. I have found examples of going the other direction, but reversing the FFmpeg command proved unfruitful.

  


  Saving to FLV works fine. Using the following command, I am able to transcode a WEBM file to FLV and play it on VLC :
  
ffmpeg -i ~/big-buck-bunny_trailer.webm -f flv out.flv

  


  However, if instead of outputting to a file I pass it to RTMP I get the following output :
  
ffmpeg -i ~/Downloads/big-buck-bunny_trailer.webm -f flv "rtmp://example.com/live"
  

  


  ffmpeg version 5.0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 12 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --docdir=/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -fexceptions -g -grecord-gcc-switches -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -fstack-protector-strong -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --extra-ldflags='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -Wl,--build-id=sha1 ' --extra-cflags=' -I/usr/include/rav1e' --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3 --enable-bzlib --enable-chromaprint --disable-crystalhd --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gcrypt --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcdio --enable-libdrm --enable-libjack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libilbc --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-nvenc --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librav1e --enable-librtmp --enable-librubberband --enable-libsmbclient --enable-version3 --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-version3 --enable-vapoursynth --enable-libvpx --enable-vulkan --enable-libglslang --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-avfilter --enable-libmodplug --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-lto --enable-libmfx --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      57. 17.100 / 57. 17.100
  libavcodec     59. 18.100 / 59. 18.100
  libavformat    59. 16.100 / 59. 16.100
  libavdevice    59.  4.100 / 59.  4.100
  libavfilter     8. 24.100 /  8. 24.100
  libswscale      6.  4.100 /  6.  4.100
  libswresample   4.  3.100 /  4.  3.100
  libpostproc    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
Input #0, matroska,webm, from '/home/kyjus25/big-buck-bunny_trailer.webm':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : http://sourceforge.net/projects/yamka
    creation_time   : 2010-05-20T08:21:12.000000Z
  Duration: 00:00:32.48, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 533 kb/s
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: vp8, yuv420p(progressive), 640x360, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1k tbn (default)
  Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: vorbis, 44100 Hz, mono, fltp (default)
HandShake: client signature does not match!
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (vp8 (native) -> flv1 (flv))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (vorbis (native) -> mp3 (libmp3lame))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://example.com/live':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf59.16.100
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: flv1 ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p(tv, bt470bg/unknown/unknown, progressive), 640x360 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 25 fps, 1k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc59.18.100 flv
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/200000 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
  Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: mp3 ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), 44100 Hz, mono, fltp (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc59.18.100 libmp3lame
WriteN, RTMP send error 32 (136 bytes)7kB time=00:00:00.39 bitrate= 136.7kbits/s speed=71.2x    
WriteN, RTMP send error 32 (35 bytes)
WriteN, RTMP send error 9 (42 bytes)
av_interleaved_write_frame(): Operation not permitted
    Last message repeated 1 times
[flv @ 0x55d0dd0af700] Failed to update header with correct duration.
[flv @ 0x55d0dd0af700] Failed to update header with correct filesize.
Error writing trailer of rtmp://example.com/live: Operation not permitted
frame=   53 fps=0.0 q=4.3 Lsize=     146kB time=00:00:02.45 bitrate= 486.8kbits/s speed=42.8x    
video:128kB audio:19kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: unknown
Error closing file rtmp://example.com/live: Operation not permitted
Conversion failed!


  


  There are several interesting rabbit holes to follow here, but after following all of them I've come up with nothing.

  


  • HandShake: client signature does not match! :
  
More of a warning than an error, I assumed because I was going from "WEBM -> FLV" instead of the more traditional "MP4 -> FLV".

  


  • av_interleaved_write_frame(): Operation not permitted :
  
I found several issues on this. One of them calling it a storage issue, the other calling it a file permissions issue. I have plenty of disk space and have tried setting the input file to 777 permissions. However, the examples I've found on it being a file permissions issue all deal with outputting to a file rather than to an an RTMP IP.

  


  • Failed to update header with correct duration :
  
Advice I found was to add -flvflags no_duration_filesize to the command, which does suppress both "Failed to update..." errors, but does not fix the over-arching issue.

  


  What I've Tried

  


  • Multi-format transcoding

  


  MP4 to RTMP does work correctly :
  
ffmpeg -i ~/Downloads/big-buck-bunny_trailer.mp4 -f flv "rtmp://example.com/live"
  
Theoretically, I could stream the WEBM to a file, transcode that to an MP4 file, and then transcode that to FLV/RTMP. Sounds awful.

  


  • Pay for a service (Wowza, Flashphoner, api.video, etc)

  


  Unfortunately precisely what I am trying to avoid.

  


  • WebRTC to RTMP ?

  


  WebRTC seems to be a peer-to-peer connection and doesn't play nicely with a server/client scenario.

  


  • WebRTC to other ingest formats

  


  Restreamer also supports incoming streams of HLS, DASH, RTP, RTSP, RTMP, and SRT. However, these all seem to be examples of network sources that would be exposed via an IP URL. I am not sure that FFmpeg can do that.

  


  • Utilizing ffmpeg-wasm instead of CLI

  


  Available here, I thought that maybe by using a browser implementation I may get different results. But no. Not even an error to the console.

  


  • Streaming from OBS

  


  For the record, yes, I have tried streaming from OBS instead of going through FFmpeg and the Restreamer platform itself does work for normal use. I use it often.

  


  Post Script

  


  I've not been able to find any relevant solutions online. I am shocked that streaming from a browser webcam has not been solved 1000 times prior. This is related to a question made 7 years ago but it was not resolved and Flash is no longer an option.

  


  Recommendations

  


  • Adding -c:v libx264 -flags:v +global_header -c:a aac -ac 2 :
  

  


  ffmpeg version 5.0.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2022 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 12 (GCC)
  configuration: --prefix=/usr --bindir=/usr/bin --datadir=/usr/share/ffmpeg --docdir=/usr/share/doc/ffmpeg --incdir=/usr/include/ffmpeg --libdir=/usr/lib64 --mandir=/usr/share/man --arch=x86_64 --optflags='-O2 -flto=auto -ffat-lto-objects -fexceptions -g -grecord-gcc-switches -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -fstack-protector-strong -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection' --extra-ldflags='-Wl,-z,relro -Wl,--as-needed -Wl,-z,now -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-annobin-cc1 -Wl,--build-id=sha1 ' --extra-cflags=' -I/usr/include/rav1e' --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-version3 --enable-bzlib --enable-chromaprint --disable-crystalhd --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gcrypt --enable-gnutls --enable-ladspa --enable-libaom --enable-libdav1d --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcdio --enable-libdrm --enable-libjack --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libgsm --enable-libilbc --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libmysofa --enable-nvenc --enable-openal --enable-opencl --enable-opengl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopus --enable-libpulse --enable-librsvg --enable-librav1e --enable-librtmp --enable-librubberband --enable-libsmbclient --enable-version3 --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libtesseract --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvorbis --enable-libv4l2 --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-version3 --enable-vapoursynth --enable-libvpx --enable-vulkan --enable-libglslang --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-libzmq --enable-libzvbi --enable-lv2 --enable-avfilter --enable-libmodplug --enable-postproc --enable-pthreads --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --disable-debug --disable-stripping --shlibdir=/usr/lib64 --enable-lto --enable-libmfx --enable-runtime-cpudetect
  libavutil      57. 17.100 / 57. 17.100
  libavcodec     59. 18.100 / 59. 18.100
  libavformat    59. 16.100 / 59. 16.100
  libavdevice    59.  4.100 / 59.  4.100
  libavfilter     8. 24.100 /  8. 24.100
  libswscale      6.  4.100 /  6.  4.100
  libswresample   4.  3.100 /  4.  3.100
  libpostproc    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
Input #0, matroska,webm, from '/home/kyjus25/big-buck-bunny_trailer.webm':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : http://sourceforge.net/projects/yamka
    creation_time   : 2010-05-20T08:21:12.000000Z
  Duration: 00:00:32.48, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 533 kb/s
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: vp8, yuv420p(progressive), 640x360, SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 1k tbn (default)
  Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: vorbis, 44100 Hz, mono, fltp (default)
HandShake: client signature does not match!
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (vp8 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (vorbis (native) -> aac (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] profile High, level 3.0, 4:2:0, 8-bit
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] 264 - core 163 r3060 5db6aa6 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2021 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=11 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, flv, to 'rtmp://example.com/live':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf59.16.100
  Stream #0:0(eng): Video: h264 ([7][0][0][0] / 0x0007), yuv420p(tv, bt470bg/unknown/unknown, progressive), 640x360 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 25 fps, 1k tbn (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc59.18.100 libx264
    Side data:
      cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: N/A
  Stream #0:1(eng): Audio: aac (LC) ([10][0][0][0] / 0x000A), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s (default)
    Metadata:
      encoder         : Lavc59.18.100 aac
Larger timestamp than 24-bit: 0xffffff77kB time=00:00:30.18 bitrate= 460.0kbits/s speed=19.7x    
[flv @ 0x56156425e440] Failed to update header with correct duration.
[flv @ 0x56156425e440] Failed to update header with correct filesize.
frame=  812 fps=475 q=-1.0 Lsize=    1901kB time=00:00:32.52 bitrate= 479.0kbits/s speed=  19x    
video:1354kB audio:508kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 2.123872%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] frame I:21    Avg QP:15.05  size:  8839
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] frame P:293   Avg QP:20.78  size:  3087
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] frame B:498   Avg QP:22.20  size:   593
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] consecutive B-frames: 14.7%  7.6%  9.2% 68.5%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] mb I  I16..4: 42.6% 41.9% 15.5%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] mb P  I16..4:  4.0%  8.0%  0.9%  P16..4: 22.7%  8.0%  4.0%  0.0%  0.0%    skip:52.4%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] mb B  I16..4:  1.4%  1.5%  0.2%  B16..8: 12.0%  1.0%  0.2%  direct: 3.3%  skip:80.5%  L0:44.1% L1:47.1% BI: 8.8%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] 8x8 transform intra:53.6% inter:57.0%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 35.1% 37.7% 11.2% inter: 7.8% 9.5% 2.4%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] i16 v,h,dc,p: 56% 21% 14%  9%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 32% 26% 21%  3%  3%  4%  4%  3%  4%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 27% 21% 18%  4%  7%  7%  6%  5%  4%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 62% 21% 15%  2%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] Weighted P-Frames: Y:20.8% UV:19.5%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] ref P L0: 70.3% 17.7%  9.0%  2.9%  0.0%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] ref B L0: 89.3%  8.9%  1.9%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] ref B L1: 96.4%  3.6%
[libx264 @ 0x561564271fc0] kb/s:341.30
[aac @ 0x561564223140] Qavg: 952.636


  


  Seems to complete successfully, but does so rather quickly. Log outputs a new Larger timestamp than 24-bit: 0xffffff77kB

  


• avutil/timecode : fix av_timecode_get_smpte_from_framenum with 50/60 fps

  20 juillet 2020, par Marton Balint

  avutil/timecode : fix av_timecode_get_smpte_from_framenum with 50/60 fps
  SMPTE 12M timecode can only count frames up to 39, because the tens-of-frames
  
  value is stored in 2 bit. In order to resolve this 50/60 fps SMPTE timecode is
  
  using the field bit (which is the same bit as the phase correction bit) to
  
  signal the least significant bit of a 50/60 fps timecode. See SMPTE ST
  
  12-1:2014 section 12.1.
  Therefore we slightly change the format of the return value of
  
  av_timecode_get_smpte_from_framenum and AV_FRAME_DATA_S12M_TIMECODE and start
  
  using the previously unused Phase Correction bit as Field bit. (As the SMPTE
  
  standard suggests)
  We add 50/60 fps support to av_timecode_get_smpte_from_framenum by calling the
  
  recently added av_timecode_get_smpte function in it which already handles this
  
  properly.
  This change affects the decklink indev and the DV and MXF muxers. MXF has no
  
  fate test for 50/60fps content, DV does, therefore the changes.
  MediaInfo (a recent version) confirms that half-frame timecode must be inserted
  
  to DV. MXFInspect confirms valid timecode insertion to the System Item of MXF
  
  files. For MXF, also see EBU R122.
  Note that for DV the field flag is not used because in the HDV specs (SMPTE
  
  370M) it is still defined as biphase mark polarity correction flag. So it
  
  should not matter that the DV muxer overrides the field bit.
  Signed-off-by : Marton Balint <cus@passwd.hu>
  

  • [DH] libavutil/timecode.c
  • [DH] libavutil/timecode.h
  • [DH] tests/ref/vsynth/vsynth1-dv-hd
  • [DH] tests/ref/vsynth/vsynth2-dv-hd
  • [DH] tests/ref/vsynth/vsynth3-dv-hd
  • [DH] tests/ref/vsynth/vsynth_lena-dv-hd