Recherche avancée

Sur d’autres sites (7368)

• Using ffmpeg to convert the audio of an RTSP stream to PCM alaw and hosting an RTSP stream as the output

  24 octobre 2020, par Sirisian

  I have an RTSP stream on my network that is H264 for video and aac for audio. I need the audio converted to PCM alaw with the video just passed through.

  


  I tried :

  


  ffmpeg -rtsp_transport udp -i rtsp://10.0.0.10/main -vcodec copy -acodec pcm_alaw -rtsp_flags listen -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:8001/main


  


  The output I get is :

  


  ffmpeg version 4.3.1-2020-10-01-essentials_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2020 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 10.2.0 (Rev3, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-sdl2 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-libass --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-d3d11va --enable-dxva2 --enable-libmfx --enable-libgme --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libtheora --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-librubberband
  libavutil      56. 51.100 / 56. 51.100
  libavcodec     58. 91.100 / 58. 91.100
  libavformat    58. 45.100 / 58. 45.100
  libavdevice    58. 10.100 / 58. 10.100
  libavfilter     7. 85.100 /  7. 85.100
  libswscale      5.  7.100 /  5.  7.100
  libswresample   3.  7.100 /  3.  7.100
  libpostproc    55.  7.100 / 55.  7.100
[rtsp @ 0000025ebdf1db00] Interleaved RTP mode is not supported yet.
Input #0, rtsp, from 'rtsp://10.0.0.10/main':
  Duration: N/A, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
    Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (Main), yuvj420p(pc, bt709, progressive), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 180k tbc
    Stream #0:1: Audio: aac (LC), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (copy)
  Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (aac (native) -> pcm_alaw (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help


  


  It's running, but it's not listening on port 8001. I've tried both UDP and TCP, so I think I am misunderstanding what "-rtsp_flags listen" does for ffmpeg ? My goal is to start an "RTSP server" locally and allow say VLC or any other player to connect and play it. Is this something ffmpeg can do or do I need to send the stream to something else to allow VLC or other media players to connect to it locally ? (The hardware I'm running isn't terribly fast, so I'd like to do this with the least amount of operations possible).

  


  For reference if I run :

  


  ffplay -rtsp_flags listen rtsp://localhost:8001/main


  


  Then run :

  


  ffmpeg -rtsp_transport udp -i rtsp://10.0.0.10/main -vcodec copy -acodec pcm_alaw -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:8001/main


  


  It plays fine in the ffplay application. So it's like the "-rtsp_flags listen" only works with the input portion of ffplay and ffmpeg.

  


• How to properly wrap H264 into FLV with FFMPEG ?

  9 août 2017, par mOfl

  First of all, the "properly" in the title refers to this related question, of which answer does not solve my problem.

  tl ;dr : There is a difference between encoding a video and directly storing it into FLV and doing this in two separate steps. I need to do it separately, how do I get the same result as doing it directly ?

  Nvidia’s hardware encoder NVENC produces raw H.264 data without a container, which is difficult to play in most video players. For an Adobe AIR application, I need to wrap the video into the FLV format, for which I wanted to use FFMPEG :

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c copy -f flv "output.flv"

  This did not work as expected, because the first frame of each video treated this way is simply not shown. Each video is only displayed from the second frame, which is a shame for single-frame videos (using the GPU’s hardware encoder for lightning-fast image compression only).

  For inspection, I now reencode the input video twice : once directly to FLV output

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f flv "A.flv"

  and once to H.264, then shoving it into an FLV afterwards.

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f h264 "reencode.h264"
  
  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "reencode.h264" -c copy -f flv "B.flv"

  The first video plays fine, the second does not. The resulting FLV of the direct approach (A.flv, see below) has a slightly different file structure, especially the NAL unit differs, which I suspect is the reason for the different behavior.

  So, my question is : If I already have a H.264 video and only want it to be copied into an FLV container without being transcoded, but the file and frame headers should be filled in correctly as is done when actually transcoding, how do I tell this to FFMPEG ? Are there commands for this, such as "-c copy butGenerateValidHeader" ?

  Here the relevant portions of the files :

  Direct approach

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f flv "A.flv"

  A.flv

  46 4C 56 01 01 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 12 00 00 // FLV header + metadata
  
  B8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 0A 6F 6E 4D 65 74
  
  61 44 61 74 61 08 00 00 00 08 00 08 64 75 72 61
  
  74 69 6F 6E 00 3F A0 E5 60 41 89 37 4C 00 05 77
  
  69 64 74 68 00 40 93 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 68
  
  65 69 67 68 74 00 40 8E F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0D
  
  76 69 64 65 6F 64 61 74 61 72 61 74 65 00 40 9E
  
  84 80 00 00 00 00 00 09 66 72 61 6D 65 72 61 74
  
  65 00 40 3E 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0C 76 69 64 65
  
  6F 63 6F 64 65 63 69 64 00 40 1C 00 00 00 00 00
  
  00 00 07 65 6E 63 6F 64 65 72 02 00 0D 4C 61 76
  
  66 35 37 2E 37 31 2E 31 30 30 00 08 66 69 6C 65
  
  73 69 7A 65 00 40 F9 5C B0 00 00 00 00 00 00 09
  
  
  
  00 00 00 C3 09 00 00 2B 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 // AVC sequence start
  
  00 00 00 00
  
              01 4D 40 20 FF E1 00 17             // ?
  
                                      67 4D 40 20 // Sequence parameter set
  
  95 A0 13 81 F7 EB 01 10 00 00 3E 80 00 0E A6 08
  
  F1 C3 2A
  
           01 00 04                               // ?
  
                    68 EE 3C 80                   // Picture parameter set
  
                                00 00 00 36 09 01 // AVC NALU
  
  94 9A 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 01 00 00 00
  
                                            00 01 // ?
  
  94 91
  
        65                                        // IDR frame
  
          [B8 04 1D FF ...]
  
  00 01 94 A5 09 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    // ?
  
                                               17 // AVC sequence end
  
  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 10

  Encoding first

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f h264 "reencode.h264"

  reencode.h264

  00 00 00 01 67 4D 40 20 95 A0 13 81 F7 EB 01 10 // Sequence parameter set
  
  00 00 3E 80 00 0E A6 08 F1 C3 2A
  
                                   00 00 00 01 68 // Picture parameter set
  
  EE 3C 80
  
           00 00 00 01 65                         // IDR frame
  
                         [B8 04 1D FF ...]        // Frame data

  Squeeze into container

  ffmpeg -f h264 -i "reencode.h264" -c copy -f flv "B.flv"

  B.flv

  46 4C 56 01 01 00 00 00 09 00 00 00 00 12 00 00 // FLV header + metadata
  
  A4 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 0A 6F 6E 4D 65 74
  
  61 44 61 74 61 08 00 00 00 07 00 08 64 75 72 61
  
  74 69 6F 6E 00 3F A4 7A E1 47 AE 14 7B 00 05 77
  
  69 64 74 68 00 40 93 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 06 68
  
  65 69 67 68 74 00 40 8E F0 00 00 00 00 00 00 0D
  
  76 69 64 65 6F 64 61 74 61 72 61 74 65 00 00 00
  
  00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0C 76 69 64 65 6F 63 6F 64
  
  65 63 69 64 00 40 1C 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 07 65
  
  6E 63 6F 64 65 72 02 00 0D 4C 61 76 66 35 37 2E
  
  37 31 2E 31 30 30 00 08 66 69 6C 65 73 69 7A 65
  
  00 40 F9 5B 40 00 00 00 00 00 00 09
  
                                      00 00 00 AF // AVC sequence start
  
  09 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 00 00 00 00
  
  
  
  00 00 00 10 09 01 94 BD 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 17 // AVC NALU
  
  01 00 00
  
           00 00 00 00 01 67 4D 40 20 95 A0 13 81 // Sequence parameter set
  
  F7 EB 01 10 00 00 3E 80 00 0E A6 08 F1 C3 2A
  
                                               00 // Picture parameter set
  
  00 00 01 68 EE 3C 80
  
                       00 00 00 01 65             // IDR frame
  
                                     [B8 04 1D FF // Frame data
  
  ...]
  
  00 01 94 C8 09 00 00 05 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    // ?
  
                                               17 // AVC sequence end
  
  02 00 00 00 00 00 00 10

  Update 08.08.2017 : Added input and output files for examination

  • input.h264
  • ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c copy "copy.flv"
  • ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f flv "A.flv"
  • ffmpeg -f h264 -i "input.h264" -c:v h264_nvenc -f h264 "reencode.h264"
  • ffmpeg -f h264 -i "reencode.h264" -c copy -f flv "B.flv"
  • ffmpeg -f h264 -i "reencode.h264" -c copy -bsf:v extract_extradata -f flv "extradata.flv"

• The Ultimate Guide to HeatMap Software

  20 septembre 2021, par Ben Erskine — Analytics Tips, Plugins, Heatmaps

  One of the most effective ways to improve the user experience on your website is to use heatmap software. As well as in-depth insight on how to improve your website and funnels, user behaviour analytics complement traditional web metrics with insights from your customers’ point of view. 

  Heatmap software shows actual user behaviour. That means that you have a visual representation of why a customer might not be converting instead of guessing. 

  By tracking clicks, mouse movement, and page scrolling as well as analysing above the fold content engagement and overall session recordings, heatmap software helps improve user experience and therefore customer retention and conversions.  

  

  What is heatmap software ?

  Heatmap software is a data visualisation tool that uses colour to show what actions a user is taking on a website. 

  If there is a design element on a page that many users engage with, it will show as red/hot. For elements that are less engaging, it will show on the analysis as blue/cold. 

   

  Heatmap software like Matomo helps businesses to improve user experience and increase conversions by tracking elements such as :

  • Flow through sales funnels 
  • Individual session recordings for user experience 
  • A/B page comparisons 
  • Form analytics for sign ups and conversions 
  • Media interaction such as instruction or sales videos
  • Clicks on important links and information 

  Using data visualisation software like a heatmap provides more in-depth data when combined with standard website metrics. 

  What is heatmap software used for ?

  Heatmap software tracks website user behaviour to improve website performance and increase conversions. 

  Heatmaps can show you a detailed analysis of : 

  • Where visitors are clicking (or not clicking) 
  • Where visitors are hovering with their mouse
  • How far users are scrolling or stopping 
  • Where the focus is above the fold 
  • What roadblocks or frictions customers are facing in the sales funnel

  Analysing activity on your website and across channels from your customers point of view is critical in developing a customer-centric business model. 

  This is because heatmaps not only show you what customers are doing but why they are doing it. 

  Heatmap software is ideal for businesses updating and redesigning websites. It also helps to answer important growth questions such as “how can we improve our user experience ?” and “why is our sales funnel not converting better ?”. 

  The benefits of using data visualisation like heatmaps for your website

  Heatmaps are critical for improving websites because they drastically improve customer experience. 

  Customer experience is one of the most important factors in modern business success. A Walker study found that customer experience is one of the biggest differentiators between brands, overtaking other factors such as price. 

  Where straightforward website metrics show customers left a page without action, data visualisation and session recordings show what happens in between them arriving and leaving. This gives web developers and marketers invaluable insights to improve website design and ultimately increase conversions. 

  How heatmap software improves your website and conversions

  There are a few key ways that heatmap software boosts website performance and conversions. All of them focus on both creating a seamless buyer journey and using data to improve results over time. 

  How heatmap software improves conversions ; 

  • By improving UX and usability– 70% of online businesses fail due to bad usability. Heatmaps identify user frustrations and optimise accordingly 
  • By improving content structure – Heatmaps take the guesswork out of design layout and content structure by showing real visitor experiences on your website 
  • By comparing A/B landing pages – Using heatmaps on alternate landing pages can show you why conversions are working or not working based on user activity on the page
  • By optimising across devices – See how your visitors are interacting with your content to learn how well optimised your website is for various devices and remove roadblocks 

  Heatmap analytics you need to improve website user experience

  Click heatmap

  Click heatmaps are useful for two key reasons.

  Firstly, it shows where website users are clicking. 

  Heatmaps that show clicks give you a visual representation of whether copy and CTA links are clear from the customers’ point of view. It can also show whether a customer is clicking on a design feature that doesn’t link anywhere. 

  Secondly, it shows where website users are not clicking. This is just as important when developing funnels and improving user experiences.

  For example, you may have a CTA button for a free trial or purchase. A click heatmap analysis would show if this isn’t clicked on mobile devices and informs developers that it needs to be more mobile-friendly.

  

  Mouse move or hover heatmap

  Like a click heatmap, a mouse hover heatmap shows how you can improve the overall user experience.

  For example, hover heatmaps identify where your visitors engage on a particular webpage. Ideally, of course, you want them to engage with CTAs. Analysing their mouse movements or where they are hovering for more information gives you an indication of any page elements that are distracting them or not working.

  

  Scroll heatmap

  A scroll heatmap uses colours to visualise how far down in a page your visitors scroll. For most web pages, the top will have the most impressions and will naturally get less views (i.e. get “colder” on the heatmap) further down the page. 

  This lets you find out if there is important content positioned too far down the page or if the page is designed to encourage users to keep scrolling.

  No matter how good your product or service is, it won’t convert if potential customers aren’t engaged and scrolling far enough to see it.

  

  Above the fold analysis 

  Above the fold is the content that a visitor sees without scrolling. 

  In a heatmap, the “Average Above the Fold” line will show you how much content your visitors see on average when they open your page. It also shows whether the page design is engaging, whether it encourages visitors to keep scrolling, and whether important information is too far down the page and therefore being missed. 

  Above the fold analysis is arguably the most important as this is the section that the highest number of traffic will see. Using this information ensures that the right content for conversion is seen by the highest number of visitors. 

  

  Session recording

  Session Recording lets you record a real visitor session, so you can see clicks, mouse movements, scrolls, window resizes, page changes, and form interactions all in one. 

  They allow you to understand the experience from the point of view of your visitor and then optimise your website to maximise your success.

  Heatmap software like Matomo takes this one step further and allows you to gather session recordings for individual segments. By analysing sessions based on segments, you can further personalise and optimise based on customer history and patterns.

  

  Final thoughts on heatmap software 

  Heatmap software improves your user experience by easily spotting critical issues that you can then address. 

  As well as that, heatmap analytics like clicks, mouse movement, scroll, above the fold analysis and session recordings increase your marketing ROI by making the most of your existing traffic. 

  It’s a win-win ! 

  Now that you know what heatmap software is, the benefits of using heatmaps on your website and how it can improve your user experience, check out this user guide on heatmap analytics.