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  • Publier sur MédiaSpip

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    Puis-je poster des contenus à partir d’une tablette Ipad ?
    Oui, si votre Médiaspip installé est à la version 0.2 ou supérieure. Contacter au besoin l’administrateur de votre MédiaSpip pour le savoir

  • Supporting all media types

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    Unlike most software and media-sharing platforms, MediaSPIP aims to manage as many different media types as possible. The following are just a few examples from an ever-expanding list of supported formats : images : png, gif, jpg, bmp and more audio : MP3, Ogg, Wav and more video : AVI, MP4, OGV, mpg, mov, wmv and more text, code and other data : OpenOffice, Microsoft Office (Word, PowerPoint, Excel), web (html, CSS), LaTeX, Google Earth and (...)

  • Librairies et logiciels spécifiques aux médias

    10 décembre 2010, par

    Pour un fonctionnement correct et optimal, plusieurs choses sont à prendre en considération.
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  • Blog series part 1 : How to use Matomo to increase customer acquisitions for your business

    2 septembre 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Marketing

    Are you investing time and money into marketing your business and unsure if it’s paying off ? Web analytics provides the tools and insights to help you know which marketing channels to target and focus on. Without it you might be going in blind and missing opportunities that might’ve been easily found in your metrics.

    Increasing acquisition cheat sheet

    To increase customer acquisition on your website you need to first attract the right visitors to your website. Then capturing their attention and engaging them in your content. Finally you’ll want to convert by driving them through a streamlined funnel/buyer’s journey on your website all backed up by data.

    So, how do you attract audiences to your site with a web analytics tool like Matomo ?

    1. Figure out who your audience is through the Visitor Profiles feature. 
    2. Calculate the Cost of Customer Acquisition (CAC) to plan for growth. To grow and make your business/website sustainable, you’ll need to earn more money from a customer than you spend on acquiring them. How to calculate : Divide marketing spend by the number of customers acquired. 
    3. Figure out which marketing channels e.g., social media, PPC, SEO, content marketing, etc., you should invest more in and which of those you should focus less on.

    How to increase acquisitions with Matomo

    1. Use the Acquisitions feature
    2. Use funnels
    3. Study Visitor Profiles
    4. Focus on SEO efforts
    5. Look at the Multi Attribution feature
    6. Set goals
    7. Set Advanced eCommerce reporting

    1. Use the Acquisitions feature

    Matomo Analytics has a dedicated Acquisition feature to help with some of the heavy-lifting, making it easy for you to formulate targeted acquisition plans.

    Acquisitions feature

    This feature helps you learn who your potential customers are and figure out what marketing channels are converting the best for these visitors.

    • Learn what traffic you get from external websites : Knowing who’s helping you succeed from external websites is a crucial step to be able to focus your attention. Paid sponsorships, guest blog posts or even spending more on advertising on the particular website could result in greater traffic.
    • Social Networks : See which social media channels are connecting with the audiences you want. Take the guesswork out by using only the ones you need. By finding out which social channels your ideal audience prefers, you can generate shareable, convincing and engaging content to drive shares and traffic through to your site.
    • Campaigns : Your marketing team may have spent precious time and resource coming up with campaigns that are designed to succeed, but how can you be so sure ? With Campaigns you can understand what marketing campaigns are working, what aren’t, and shift your marketing efforts accordingly to gain more visitors, more effectively, with less costs. Keep track of every ad and content piece you display across internal and external channels to see which is having the biggest impact on your business objectives. Learn more

    Watch this video to learn about the Acquisitions feature

    2. Use funnels

    Creating conversion funnels gives you the big picture on whether your acquisition plans are paying off and where they may be falling short.

    Funnels feature

    If the ultimate goal of your site is to drive conversions, then each funnel can tell you how effectively you’re driving traffic through to your desired outcome.

    By integrating this with Visitor Profiles, you can view historic visitor profiles of any individual user at any stage of the conversion funnel. You see the full user journey at an individual level, including where they entered the funnel from and where they exited. Learn more

    How to amplify acquisition strategies with Funnels : Use conversion funnels to guide acquisition as you can tell which entry point is bringing the most success and which one needs more attention. Tailor your strategies to zone in on areas that have the most potential. You can identify where your visitors are encountering obstacles from the start, that are stopping them from progressing through their journey on your site.

    3. Study Visitor Profiles

    Visitor Profiles helps you understand visitors on a user-by-user basis, detailing each visitors’ history into a profile which summarises every visit, action and purchase made.

    Visitor Profiles feature

    Better understand :

    • Why your visitors viewed your website.

    • Why your returning visitors continue to view your website.

    • What specifically your visitors are looking for and whether they found it on your website.

    The benefit is being able to see how a combination of acquisition channels play a part in a single buyer’s journey.

    How Visitor Profiles helps with acquisition : By understanding the full behavioural patterns of any individual user coming through from external channels, you’ll see the path that led them to take action, where they may have gotten lost, and how engaged they are with your business over time. This gives you an indication of what kinds of visitors you’re attracting and helps you craft a buyer persona that more accurately reflects the audience most interested in you.

    4. Focus on SEO efforts

    Every acquisition plan needs a focus on maximising your Search Engine Optimization (SEO) efforts. When it comes to getting conclusive search engine referrer metrics, you need to be sure you’re getting ALL the insights to drive your SEO strategy.

    Integrate Google, Bing and Yahoo search consoles directly into your Matomo Analytics. This helps kickstart your acquisition goals as you rank highly for keywords that get the most traffic to your website.

    As another major SEO benefit, you can see how the most important search keywords to your business increased and decreased in ranking over time. 

    How to amplify acquisitions strategies with search engines and keywords : By staying on top of your competitors across ALL search engines, you may uncover traffic converting highly from one search engine, or find you could be losing traffic and business opportunities to your competitors across others.

    5. Look at the Multi Attribution feature

    Multi Attribution lets you measure the success of every touchpoint in the customer journey.

    Multi Attribution feature

    Accurately measure (and assign value to) channels where visitors first engaged with your business, where they came from after that, as well as the final channel they came from before purchasing your product or service.

    No longer falsely over-estimate any marketing channel and make smarter decisions when determining acquisition spend to accurately calculate the Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). Learn more

    6. Set your Goals

    What are the acquisition goals you want to achieve the most ? The Goals feature lets you measure the most important metrics you need to grow your business.

    Goals feature

    Goals are crucial for building your marketing strategy and acquiring new customers. The more goals you track, the more you can learn about behavioural changes as you implement and modify paths that impact acquisition and conversions over time. You’ll understand which channels are converting the best for your business, which cities/countries are most popular, what devices will attract the most visitors and how engaged your visitors are before converting.

    This way you can see if your campaigns (SEO, PPC, signups, blogs etc.) or optimising efforts (A/B Testing, Funnels) have made an impact with the time and investment you have put in. Learn more

    7. Set Advanced Ecommence reporting

    If your website’s overall purpose is to generate revenue whether it be from an online store, asking for donations or from an online paid membership site ; the Ecommerce feature gives you comprehensive insights into your customers’ purchasing behaviours.

    Ecommerce feature

    When you use Ecommerce analytics, you heavily reduce risk when marketing your products to potential customers because you will understand who to target, what to target them with and where further opportunities exist to have the greatest impact for your business. Learn more

    Key takeaway

    Having the tools to ensure you’re creating a well planned acquisition strategy is key to attracting and capturing the attention of potential visitors/leads, and then driving them through a funnel/buyer’s journey on your website. Because of Matomo’s reputation as a trusted analytics platform, the features above can be used to assist you in making smarter data-driven decisions. You can pursue different acquisition avenues with confidence and create a strategy that’s agile and ready for success, all while respecting user privacy.

    Want to learn how to increase engagement with Matomo ? Look out for part 2 ! We’ll go through how you can boost engagement on your website via web analytics.

  • MOV to ACVHD conversion via Spring Boot and FFmpeg leads to file system error

    31 décembre 2024, par epicUsername

    I am experiencing an issue on a personal project that seeks to convert HEIC to JPG files and MOV files to AVCHD format. The HEIC to JPG conversion works, but the MOV to AVCHD does not, which is where my problems lie.

    


    The intent is to do this with Spring Boot and FFmpeg, using a simple interface done in WindowBuilder.

    


    The relevant bits are the pom file :

    


        <dependencies>&#xA;    &#xA;        &#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>jmagick</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>jmagick</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>6.6.9</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;&#xA;        &#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>net.java.dev.jna</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>jna</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>5.7.0</version> &#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>net.java.dev.jna</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>jna-platform</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>5.7.0</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;        &#xA;        &#xA;&#xA;&#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>org.bytedeco</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>ffmpeg</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>7.1-1.5.11</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>org.bytedeco</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>javacv</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>1.5.11</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>org.bytedeco</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>ffmpeg-platform</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>7.1-1.5.11</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;        &#xA;        <dependency>&#xA;            <groupid>org.bytedeco</groupid>&#xA;            <artifactid>javacpp</artifactid>&#xA;            <version>1.5.11</version>&#xA;        </dependency>&#xA;    </dependencies>&#xA;&#xA;

    &#xA;

    and the main file with the event handling for the application, based on the interface :

    &#xA;

    package home.multimeida.mmconverter;&#xA;&#xA;imports...&#xA;&#xA;public class MMConverterInterface extends JFrame {&#xA;&#xA;    public static void main(String[] args) {&#xA;        &#xA;        &#xA;        try {&#xA;            System.setProperty("jna.library.path", "absolute/path/to/gstreamer/bin");&#xA;            // Gst.init("GStreamer Test");&#xA;            System.out.println("GStreamer initialized successfully.");&#xA;        } catch (Exception e) {&#xA;            e.printStackTrace();&#xA;            System.out.println("Failed to initialize GStreamer.");&#xA;        }&#xA;        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {&#xA;            public void run() {&#xA;                try {&#xA;                    MMConverterInterface frame = new MMConverterInterface();&#xA;                    frame.setVisible(true);&#xA;                } catch (Exception e) {&#xA;                    e.printStackTrace();&#xA;                }&#xA;            }&#xA;        });&#xA;    }&#xA;&#xA;    /**&#xA;     * Create the frame.&#xA;     */&#xA;    public MMConverterInterface() {&#xA;        &#xA;        // convert button&#xA;        &#xA;        btnConvert.addActionListener(e -> {&#xA;            &#xA;            try {&#xA;                &#xA;                if (sourceFileLabel.getText().equals("No file chosen...") || destinationFolderLabel.getText().equals("No folder selected...")) {&#xA;                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please select both an input file and a save location.", "Validation Error", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);&#xA;                    return;&#xA;                }&#xA;                 &#xA;                File sourceFile = new File(sourceFileLabel.getText());&#xA;                File destinationFile;&#xA;                 &#xA;                if (rdbtnNewRadioButton.isSelected()) {&#xA;                    &#xA;                    System.out.println("Converting HEIC to JPG...");&#xA;                        &#xA;                    String outputFileName = sourceFile.getName().replaceFirst("[.][^.]&#x2B;$", ".jpg");&#xA;                    &#xA;                    // Call your conversion logic here&#xA;                    &#xA;                    destinationFile = new File(destinationFolderLabel.getText(), outputFileName);&#xA;                    &#xA;                    convertHeicToJpg(sourceFile, destinationFile);&#xA;                    &#xA;                } else if (rdbtnNewRadioButton_1.isSelected()) {&#xA;                    &#xA;                    if (sourceFileLabel.getText().equals("No file chosen...") || destinationFolderLabel.getText().equals("No folder selected...")) {&#xA;                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please select both an input file and a save location.", "Validation Error", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);&#xA;                        return;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    &#xA;                     // Validate source file&#xA;                    if (!sourceFile.exists() || !sourceFile.canRead()) {&#xA;                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Source file does not exist or is not readable.", "File Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);&#xA;                        return;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    &#xA;                    // Validate destination folder&#xA;                    String destinationPath = destinationFolderLabel.getText();&#xA;                    if (destinationPath == null || destinationPath.isEmpty() || !(new File(destinationPath).isDirectory())) {&#xA;                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Invalid destination folder.", "File Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);&#xA;                        return;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    &#xA;                    System.out.println("Converting MOV to AVCHD...");&#xA;                    &#xA;                    String currentDate = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMdd").format(new Date());&#xA;&#xA;                    // Extract the file name without the extension&#xA;                    String baseName = sourceFile.getName().replaceFirst("[.][^.]&#x2B;$", "");&#xA;&#xA;                    // Sanitize the base name (replace invalid characters with &#x27;_&#x27;)&#xA;                    baseName = baseName.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9-_]", "_");&#xA;                    &#xA;                    String sanitizedFileName = baseName &#x2B; "_" &#x2B; currentDate;&#xA;                    sanitizedFileName = sanitizedFileName.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z0-9._-]", "_"); // Allow alphanumeric, &#x27;-&#x27;, &#x27;_&#x27;, and &#x27;.&#x27;&#xA;&#xA;                    destinationFile = new File(destinationPath, sanitizedFileName);&#xA;                    &#xA;                    &#xA;                    /*&#xA;                    // Ensure the destination file is writable&#xA;                    if (!destinationFile.canWrite()) {&#xA;                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Output file is not writable.", "File Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);&#xA;                        return;&#xA;                    }&#xA;                    */&#xA;                   &#xA;&#xA;                    convertMovToAvchd(sourceFile, destinationFile);&#xA;                    &#xA;                } else {&#xA;                    &#xA;                    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please select a conversion type.");&#xA;                    &#xA;                }&#xA;                &#xA;            } catch (Exception ex) {&#xA;                &#xA;                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Error: " &#x2B; ex.getMessage(), "Conversion Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);&#xA;                ex.printStackTrace();&#xA;            }&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;        });&#xA;        &#xA;        // cancel button:&#xA;        &#xA;        btnCancel.addActionListener(e -> {&#xA;            System.out.println("Operation canceled.");&#xA;            System.exit(0); // Close the application&#xA;        });&#xA;&#xA;    }&#xA;    &#xA;    public void convertMovToAvchd(File sourceFile, File destinationFile) {&#xA;        avutil.av_log_set_level(avutil.AV_LOG_DEBUG);&#xA;        &#xA;        &#xA;&#xA;        AVFormatContext inputFormatContext = null;&#xA;        AVFormatContext outputFormatContext = new AVFormatContext(null);&#xA;        AVCodecContext inputCodecContext = null;&#xA;        AVCodecContext outputCodecContext = null;&#xA;&#xA;        try {&#xA;            // Validate input file&#xA;            if (!sourceFile.exists() || !sourceFile.canRead()) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Source file does not exist or is not readable: " &#x2B; sourceFile.getAbsolutePath());&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;            &#xA;            // Validate output file path using the validateFileCreation method&#xA;            if (!validateFileCreation(destinationFile)) {&#xA;                return; // Exit if destination file validation fails&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Validate output file path&#xA;            if (destinationFile.getParentFile() == null || !destinationFile.getParentFile().exists()) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Output directory does not exist: " &#x2B; destinationFile.getParentFile());&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;            if (!destinationFile.getParentFile().canWrite()) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Output directory is not writable: " &#x2B; destinationFile.getParentFile());&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Open input file&#xA;            inputFormatContext = avformat.avformat_alloc_context();&#xA;            if (avformat.avformat_open_input(inputFormatContext, sourceFile.getAbsolutePath(), null, null) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to open input file: " &#x2B; sourceFile.getAbsolutePath());&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Find stream information&#xA;            if (avformat.avformat_find_stream_info(inputFormatContext, (PointerPointer) null) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to retrieve input stream information.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Find video stream&#xA;            int videoStreamIndex = avformat.av_find_best_stream(inputFormatContext, avutil.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO, -1, -1, (AVCodec) null, 0);&#xA;            if (videoStreamIndex &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to find video stream in input file.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Initialize input codec context&#xA;            inputCodecContext = avcodec.avcodec_alloc_context3(null);&#xA;            avcodec.avcodec_parameters_to_context(inputCodecContext, inputFormatContext.streams(videoStreamIndex).codecpar());&#xA;&#xA;            AVCodec decoder = avcodec.avcodec_find_decoder(inputCodecContext.codec_id());&#xA;            if (decoder == null || avcodec.avcodec_open2(inputCodecContext, decoder, (PointerPointer) null) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to open video decoder.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Allocate output format context&#xA;            if (avformat.avformat_alloc_output_context2(outputFormatContext, null, "mpegts", destinationFile.getAbsolutePath()) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to allocate output format context.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Initialize output codec&#xA;            AVCodec encoder = avcodec.avcodec_find_encoder_by_name("mpeg2video");&#xA;            if (encoder == null) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to find MPEG2 video encoder.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            outputCodecContext = avcodec.avcodec_alloc_context3(encoder);&#xA;            if (outputCodecContext == null) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to allocate output codec context.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;            &#xA;            if ((outputFormatContext.oformat().flags() &amp; avformat.AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) != 0) {&#xA;                outputCodecContext.flags(outputCodecContext.flags() | avcodec.AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER);&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;            //outputCodecContext.codec_id(avcodec.AV_CODEC_ID_MPEG2VIDEO);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.codec_id(encoder.id());&#xA;            outputCodecContext.codec_type(avutil.AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.width(1920);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.height(1080);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.pix_fmt(avutil.AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.time_base(avutil.av_make_q(1, 25));&#xA;            outputCodecContext.bit_rate(4000000);&#xA;            outputCodecContext.gop_size(12);&#xA;&#xA;            if ((outputFormatContext.oformat().flags() &amp; avformat.AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) != 0) {&#xA;                outputCodecContext.flags(outputCodecContext.flags() | avcodec.AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER);&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            &#xA;            &#xA;            if (avcodec.avcodec_open2(outputCodecContext, encoder, (PointerPointer) null) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to open video encoder.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Create output stream&#xA;            AVStream videoStream = avformat.avformat_new_stream(outputFormatContext, encoder);&#xA;            if (videoStream == null) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to create video stream.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            avcodec.avcodec_parameters_from_context(videoStream.codecpar(), outputCodecContext);&#xA;            &#xA;            System.out.println("Destination file path before trying to open the file is: " &#x2B; destinationFile);&#xA;&#xA;            if ((outputFormatContext.oformat().flags() &amp; avformat.AVFMT_NOFILE) == 0) {&#xA;                // Ensure the output path has the correct extension&#xA;                String outputPath = destinationFile.getAbsolutePath().replace("\\", "/") &#x2B; ".avchd";&#xA;                System.out.println("Normalized output path: " &#x2B; outputPath);&#xA;&#xA;                // Try opening the output file&#xA;                int ret = avformat.avio_open(outputFormatContext.pb(), outputPath, avformat.AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);&#xA;                if (ret &lt; 0) {&#xA;                    BytePointer errorBuffer = new BytePointer(avutil.AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE);&#xA;                    avutil.av_strerror(ret, errorBuffer, errorBuffer.capacity());&#xA;                    System.out.println("Failed to open output file: " &#x2B; errorBuffer.getString());&#xA;                    return;&#xA;                }&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;            // Write header&#xA;            if (avformat.avformat_write_header(outputFormatContext, (PointerPointer) null) &lt; 0) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Failed to write header to output file.");&#xA;                return;&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;            // Packet processing loop&#xA;            AVPacket packet = new AVPacket();&#xA;            while (avformat.av_read_frame(inputFormatContext, packet) >= 0) {&#xA;                if (packet.stream_index() == videoStreamIndex) {&#xA;                    if (avcodec.avcodec_send_packet(inputCodecContext, packet) >= 0) {&#xA;                        AVFrame frame = avutil.av_frame_alloc();&#xA;                        while (avcodec.avcodec_receive_frame(inputCodecContext, frame) >= 0) {&#xA;                            if (avcodec.avcodec_send_frame(outputCodecContext, frame) >= 0) {&#xA;                                AVPacket encodedPacket = new AVPacket();&#xA;                                while (avcodec.avcodec_receive_packet(outputCodecContext, encodedPacket) >= 0) {&#xA;                                    encodedPacket.stream_index(videoStream.index());&#xA;                                    avformat.av_interleaved_write_frame(outputFormatContext, encodedPacket);&#xA;                                    avcodec.av_packet_unref(encodedPacket);&#xA;                                }&#xA;                            }&#xA;                            avutil.av_frame_unref(frame);&#xA;                        }&#xA;                        avutil.av_frame_free(frame);&#xA;                    }&#xA;                }&#xA;                avcodec.av_packet_unref(packet);&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;            // Write trailer&#xA;            avformat.av_write_trailer(outputFormatContext);&#xA;            System.out.println("Conversion completed successfully.");&#xA;            &#xA;            if (avcodec.avcodec_send_frame(outputCodecContext, null) >= 0) {&#xA;                AVPacket encodedPacket = new AVPacket();&#xA;                while (avcodec.avcodec_receive_packet(outputCodecContext, encodedPacket) >= 0) {&#xA;                    encodedPacket.stream_index(videoStream.index());&#xA;                    avformat.av_interleaved_write_frame(outputFormatContext, encodedPacket);&#xA;                    avcodec.av_packet_unref(encodedPacket);&#xA;                }&#xA;            }&#xA;&#xA;        } catch (Exception e) {&#xA;            e.printStackTrace();&#xA;        } finally {&#xA;            // Cleanup&#xA;            avcodec.avcodec_free_context(inputCodecContext);&#xA;            avcodec.avcodec_free_context(outputCodecContext);&#xA;            avformat.avformat_close_input(inputFormatContext);&#xA;&#xA;            if (outputFormatContext != null &amp;&amp; outputFormatContext.pb() != null) {&#xA;                avformat.avio_closep(outputFormatContext.pb());&#xA;            }&#xA;            avformat.avformat_free_context(outputFormatContext);&#xA;        }&#xA;    }&#xA;    &#xA;    private boolean validateFileCreation(File destinationFile) {&#xA;        // Check if the parent directory exists and is writable&#xA;        File parentDir = destinationFile.getParentFile();&#xA;        if (parentDir == null || !parentDir.exists()) {&#xA;            System.out.println("Parent directory does not exist: " &#x2B; parentDir);&#xA;            return false;&#xA;        }&#xA;        if (!parentDir.canWrite()) {&#xA;            System.out.println("Cannot write to parent directory: " &#x2B; parentDir);&#xA;            return false;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        // Check if the file exists and is writable&#xA;        if (destinationFile.exists()) {&#xA;            if (!destinationFile.canWrite()) {&#xA;                System.out.println("Destination file is not writable: " &#x2B; destinationFile);&#xA;                return false;&#xA;            }&#xA;        } else {&#xA;            // If the file doesn&#x27;t exist, try to create it to verify writability&#xA;            try {&#xA;                if (!destinationFile.createNewFile()) {&#xA;                    System.out.println("Unable to create destination file: " &#x2B; destinationFile);&#xA;                    return false;&#xA;                }&#xA;                // Delete the file after successful creation to avoid residual files&#xA;                destinationFile.delete();&#xA;            } catch (IOException e) {&#xA;                System.out.println("File creation failed: " &#x2B; e.getMessage());&#xA;                return false;&#xA;            }&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        return true;&#xA;    }&#xA;    &#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;

    &#xA;

    A few caveats :

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    1. I did explore FFmpeg and GStreamer for this project. GStreamer was inconclusive, with available version for it that were too old for use with my current state of STS4.27 and Java 17, even if this version of Java is under long-term support...

      &#xA;

    2. &#xA;

    3. I've used AI to tell me about the options and suggest ways to build this thing, since multimedia handling is very far away from my skillset. I don't have a good conceptual grasp of video formats and how they transfrom from one to another.

      &#xA;

    4. &#xA;

    &#xA;

    The issue, as I have identified it, occurs at these lines :

    &#xA;

     // Ensure the destination file is writable&#xA;                    if (!destinationFile.canWrite()) {&#xA;                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Output file is not writable.", "File Error", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);&#xA;                        return;&#xA;                    }&#xA;

    &#xA;

    ^^ And this, while temporarily commented out for testing, it meant to compensate for an issue that occurs here in the conversion function :

    &#xA;

     if ((outputFormatContext.oformat().flags() &amp; avformat.AVFMT_NOFILE) == 0) {&#xA;                // Ensure the output path has the correct extension&#xA;                String outputPath = destinationFile.getAbsolutePath().replace("\\", "/") &#x2B; ".avchd";&#xA;                System.out.println("Normalized output path: " &#x2B; outputPath);&#xA;&#xA;                // Try opening the output file&#xA;                int ret = avformat.avio_open(outputFormatContext.pb(), outputPath, avformat.AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);&#xA;                if (ret &lt; 0) {&#xA;                    BytePointer errorBuffer = new BytePointer(avutil.AV_ERROR_MAX_STRING_SIZE);&#xA;                    avutil.av_strerror(ret, errorBuffer, errorBuffer.capacity());&#xA;                    System.out.println("Failed to open output file: " &#x2B; errorBuffer.getString());&#xA;                    return;&#xA;                }&#xA;            }&#xA;

    &#xA;

    The idea here is that the avio_open() function requires the use of the a valid file path that it can open to be able to write it.

    &#xA;

    Padadoxically, the file conversion seems to work, but the project crashes with a fatal error in the console :

    &#xA;

    Selected file: E:\TestConveresions\sample_960x540.mov&#xA;Save location: E:\TestConveresions&#xA;Converting MOV to AVCHD...&#xA;Destination file path before trying to open the file is: E:\TestConveresions\sample_960x540_20241231&#xA;Normalized output path: E:/TestConveresions/sample_960x540_20241231.avchd&#xA;#&#xA;# A fatal error has been detected by the Java Runtime Environment:&#xA;#&#xA;#  EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005) at pc=0x00007ffcffb0868b, pid=11020, tid=14436&#xA;#&#xA;# JRE version: OpenJDK Runtime Environment Temurin-21.0.5&#x2B;11 (21.0.5&#x2B;11) (build 21.0.5&#x2B;11-LTS)&#xA;# Java VM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Temurin-21.0.5&#x2B;11 (21.0.5&#x2B;11-LTS, mixed mode, emulated-client, sharing, tiered, compressed oops, compressed class ptrs, g1 gc, windows-amd64)&#xA;# Problematic frame:&#xA;# C  0x00007ffcffb0868b&#xA;#&#xA;# No core dump will be written. Minidumps are not enabled by default on client versions of Windows&#xA;#&#xA;# An error report file with more information is saved as:&#xA;# E:\STS4 Workspace\MMConverter\hs_err_pid11020.log&#xA;[80.882s][warning][os] Loading hsdis library failed&#xA;#&#xA;# If you would like to submit a bug report, please visit:&#xA;#   https://github.com/adoptium/adoptium-support/issues&#xA;# The crash happened outside the Java Virtual Machine in native code.&#xA;# See problematic frame for where to report the bug.&#xA;#&#xA;[AVFormatContext @ 000002528adcea40] Opening &#x27;E:\TestConveresions\sample_960x540.mov&#x27; for reading&#xA;[file @ 000002528ae51c40] Setting default whitelist &#x27;file,crypto,data&#x27;&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Format mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 probed with size=2048 and score=100&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] ISO: File Type Major Brand: qt  &#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Unknown dref type 0x206c7275 size 12&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Processing st: 0, edit list 0 - media time: 2002, duration: 400410&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Offset DTS by 2002 to make first pts zero.&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Setting codecpar->delay to 2 for stream st: 0&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] Before avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 1320742 bytes read:38225 seeks:1 nb_streams:1&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] Decoding VUI&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] Decoding VUI&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 6(SEI), nal_ref_idc: 0&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 5(IDR), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] Format yuv420p chosen by get_format().&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] Reinit context to 960x544, pix_fmt: yuv420p&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] no picture &#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] All info found&#xA;[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 000002528adcea40] After avformat_find_stream_info() pos: 51943 bytes read:90132 seeks:2 frames:1&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 7(SPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] Decoding VUI&#xA;[h264 @ 000002528ae62780] nal_unit_type: 8(PPS), nal_ref_idc: 3&#xA;[mpeg2video @ 000002528ae8e700] intra_quant_bias = 96 inter_quant_bias = 0&#xA;&#xA;

    &#xA;

    If I refer to the error log, I get this. It is partial, as I'm not sure SO will take all of it (quite long), but still might have enough to be relevant :

    &#xA;

    Host: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8550U CPU @ 1.80GHz, 8 cores, 31G,  Windows 11 , 64 bit Build 26100 (10.0.26100.2454)&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;---------------  T H R E A D  ---------------&#xA;&#xA;Current thread (0x00000252d030b340):  JavaThread "AWT-EventQueue-0"        [_thread_in_native, id=14436, stack(0x000000a4e2b00000,0x000000a4e2c00000) (1024K)]&#xA;&#xA;Stack: [0x000000a4e2b00000,0x000000a4e2c00000],  sp=0x000000a4e2bfdf30,  free space=1015k&#xA;Native frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code, C=native code)&#xA;C  0x00007ffcffb0868b&#xA;&#xA;Java frames: (J=compiled Java code, j=interpreted, Vv=VM code)&#xA;j  org.bytedeco.ffmpeg.global.avformat.avio_open(Lorg/bytedeco/ffmpeg/avformat/AVIOContext;Ljava/lang/String;I)I&#x2B;0&#xA;j  home.multimeida.mmconverter.MMConverterInterface.convertMovToAvchd(Ljava/io/File;Ljava/io/File;)V&#x2B;1120&#xA;j  home.multimeida.mmconverter.MMConverterInterface.lambda$2(Ljavax/swing/JRadioButton;Ljavax/swing/JRadioButton;Ljava/awt/event/ActionEvent;)V&#x2B;347&#xA;j  home.multimeida.mmconverter.MMConverterInterface$$Lambda&#x2B;0x000002528c0c7778.actionPerformed(Ljava/awt/event/ActionEvent;)V&#x2B;13&#xA;j  javax.swing.AbstractButton.fireActionPerformed(Ljava/awt/event/ActionEvent;)V&#x2B;84 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  javax.swing.AbstractButton$Handler.actionPerformed(Ljava/awt/event/ActionEvent;)V&#x2B;5 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.fireActionPerformed(Ljava/awt/event/ActionEvent;)V&#x2B;34 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  javax.swing.DefaultButtonModel.setPressed(Z)V&#x2B;117 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  javax.swing.plaf.basic.BasicButtonListener.mouseReleased(Ljava/awt/event/MouseEvent;)V&#x2B;35 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  java.awt.Component.processMouseEvent(Ljava/awt/event/MouseEvent;)V&#x2B;64 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  javax.swing.JComponent.processMouseEvent(Ljava/awt/event/MouseEvent;)V&#x2B;23 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;J 2581 c1 java.awt.Component.processEvent(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (220 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa62719c [0x00000252fa627020&#x2B;0x000000000000017c]&#xA;J 2580 c1 java.awt.Container.processEvent(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (22 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa627d9c [0x00000252fa627cc0&#x2B;0x00000000000000dc]&#xA;J 2406 c1 java.awt.Component.dispatchEventImpl(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (785 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa670f14 [0x00000252fa670040&#x2B;0x0000000000000ed4]&#xA;J 2325 c1 java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (129 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa64e93c [0x00000252fa64e8a0&#x2B;0x000000000000009c]&#xA;J 2608 c1 java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.retargetMouseEvent(Ljava/awt/Component;ILjava/awt/event/MouseEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (372 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa61c364 [0x00000252fa61b9e0&#x2B;0x0000000000000984]&#xA;J 2578 c1 java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.processMouseEvent(Ljava/awt/event/MouseEvent;)Z java.desktop@21.0.5 (268 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa628a54 [0x00000252fa6284c0&#x2B;0x0000000000000594]&#xA;J 2474 c1 java.awt.LightweightDispatcher.dispatchEvent(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)Z java.desktop@21.0.5 (73 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa699bbc [0x00000252fa699a60&#x2B;0x000000000000015c]&#xA;J 2325 c1 java.awt.Container.dispatchEventImpl(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (129 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa64e914 [0x00000252fa64e8a0&#x2B;0x0000000000000074]&#xA;J 2473 c1 java.awt.Window.dispatchEventImpl(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (23 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa699654 [0x00000252fa6994e0&#x2B;0x0000000000000174]&#xA;J 1838 c1 java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;Ljava/lang/Object;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (139 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa3bec64 [0x00000252fa3beb20&#x2B;0x0000000000000144]&#xA;J 1837 c1 java.awt.EventQueue$4.run()Ljava/lang/Void; java.desktop@21.0.5 (60 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa3c0504 [0x00000252fa3c0460&#x2B;0x00000000000000a4]&#xA;J 1836 c1 java.awt.EventQueue$4.run()Ljava/lang/Object; java.desktop@21.0.5 (5 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa3c0a04 [0x00000252fa3c09c0&#x2B;0x0000000000000044]&#xA;J 1778 c1 java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(Ljava/security/PrivilegedAction;Ljava/security/AccessControlContext;Ljava/security/AccessControlContext;)Ljava/lang/Object; java.base@21.0.5 (22 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa4601d4 [0x00000252fa45ffa0&#x2B;0x0000000000000234]&#xA;J 1832 c1 java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(Ljava/awt/AWTEvent;)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (80 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa44f14c [0x00000252fa44eae0&#x2B;0x000000000000066c]&#xA;J 1846 c1 java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(I)V java.desktop@21.0.5 (106 bytes) @ 0x00000252fa3ba544 [0x00000252fa3ba2e0&#x2B;0x0000000000000264]&#xA;j  java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(ILjava/awt/Conditional;Ljava/awt/EventFilter;)V&#x2B;35 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(ILjava/awt/Conditional;Ljava/awt/Component;)V&#x2B;11 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(ILjava/awt/Conditional;)V&#x2B;4 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(Ljava/awt/Conditional;)V&#x2B;3 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;j  java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run()V&#x2B;9 java.desktop@21.0.5&#xA;v  ~StubRoutines::call_stub 0x00000252fa08100d&#xA;&#xA;siginfo: EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION (0xc0000005), writing address 0x0000000000000000&#xA;&#xA;

    &#xA;

    If anyone has a perspective on this, it'd be appreciated.

    &#xA;

    The catch 22 in this project is that pre-creating the file is not a good idea, since avio_open has a purpose in-built method for that (I tried). Error checking everything about Java's File class in terms of setting pathways and creating and deleting files is not problematic. Likewise, permissions are all fine (Full Control in source and target folders) ; I've tested default C drive folders, which have restritions, to a separate volume and removable media, to no effect. Likewise, FFmpeg requires a forward slash, "/" in file paths, whereas Java does the backslash, generally. That's been handled with the replace method in the above conditioning, also to no effect.

    &#xA;

    The basic contradiction in the project seems to be that the error tries open a file that does not exist, with a valid source and destination file, and if I try to create a placeholder file wiht an acvhd extension at the event handling for the Convert button, it still errors out ; meanwhile, FFmpeg allegedly handles the file creation at its core, but requires a valid path to be passed ; I've tried with and without a filename, with and without an extension. I'm not able to resovle it.

    &#xA;

    The excessive error handling conditions are in an effort to isolate the problem, which I think I've done.

    &#xA;

    There also seems to be a compatibility between mpegts and acvhd, which is why I also had that format specified in the conversion function, without result.

    &#xA;

    I also have the idea to be able to do this without having to install any libraries locally or having to set path variables, which is an aspect that both GStreamer and FFmpeg have.

    &#xA;

    Nearest suggestion I've found is this : integrate ffmpeg with spring boot

    &#xA;

    AI remains hopeless for resolving this issue.

    &#xA;

  • Accessibility Testing : Why It Matters and How to Get Started

    7 mai 2024, par Erin

    Nearly 96% of website homepages had failures with meeting web accessibility criteria in 2024. Aside from not complying with web accessibility laws and regulations, companies are failing a growing number of users with accessibility needs.

    With disabilities, chronic illnesses and ageing populations all rising, brands need to take accessibility more seriously. 

    In this article, we explain why accessibility testing is so important and how you can get started today.

    What is accessibility testing ?

    Accessibility testing optimises digital experiences to make them accessible for users with a range of disabilities and impairments. This includes users with vision impairments, hearing loss, neurodivergence, motor disabilities and cognitive conditions.

    The goal is to create inclusive experiences for everyone by implementing UX principles that address the usability needs of diverse audiences.

    To help developers create accessible experiences, the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) created the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The international WCAG standards define the Four Principles of Accessibility :

    • Perceivable : Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they perceive.
    • Operable : User interface components and navigation must be operable.
    • Understandable : Information and the operation of user interfaces must be understandable.
    • Robust : Content must be robust enough to be interpreted reliably by various user agents, including assistive technologies.
    WCAG Four Principles of Accessibility

    The current version of WCAG (2.2) contains 86 success criteria with three grades representing conformance levels :

    • Level A is the minimum conformance rating, indicating that web content is accessible to most users.
    • Level AA is the recommended conformance level to make content accessible to almost everyone, including users with severe disabilities.
    • Level AAA is the highest conformance rating, making content accessible to everyone, regardless of disability.
    WCAG accessibility conformance levels

    Why is accessibility testing important ?

    With record numbers of lawsuits over online accessibility cases, it’s clear that companies underestimate the importance of accessibility testing. Here are seven key reasons you should pay more attention to it :

    1. Create inclusive experiences : Above all, accessibility testing creates inclusive experiences for all users.
    2. Adhere to accessibility regulations : Accessibility laws in most major markets — including the EU web accessibility policy — make it illegal for companies to discriminate against users with disabilities.
    3. Social responsibility : Companies have an ethical responsibility to cater to all users and consumers. 57% say they’re more loyal to brands that commit to addressing social inequities.
    4. Accessibility needs are growing : 16% of the world’s population (1 in 6) experience significant disability and the number will continue to grow as ageing populations rise.
    5. Improve experiences for everyone : Accessibility improves experiences for all users — for example, 80% of UK viewers aged 18-25 (2021) watch content with subtitles enabled.
    6. Maximise marketing reach : Platforms like Google prioritise accessibility yearly, making accessible content and experiences more visible.
    7. Accessibility is profitable : Inclusive companies earn 1.6x more revenue, 2.6x more net income and 2x more profit, according to Accenture (PDF).
    Accenture Accessibility is Profitable

    Who needs inclusive UX ?

    Accessibility testing starts with understanding the usability needs of audiences with disabilities and impairments. Here’s a quick summary of the most common impairments and some of the needs they have in common :

    • Visual impairments : Users may rely on screen readers, magnification software, braille displays, etc. or require certain levels of contrast, text sizes and colour combinations to aid visibility.
    • Hearing impairments : Users may rely on closed captions and subtitles for video content, transcripts for multimedia content and visual alerts/notifications for updates.
    • Motor or mobility impairments : Users might rely on adaptive keyboards, voice recognition and other assistive devices.
    • Cognitive and neurological impairments : Users may rely on technologies like text-to-speech software or require simplified user interfaces, contrast designs, etc., to aid comprehension.
    • Speech impairments : Users may rely on speech recognition and dictation software for any interaction that requires them to speak (e.g., automated customer service machines).

    While accessibility tools can alleviate certain accessibility challenges, inclusive design can remove much of the burden from users. This can involve using plenty of contrast, careful font selection, increasing whitespace and plenty of other design choices.

    Refer to the latest version of the WCAG for further guidance.

    How to run accessibility testing

    Now that we’ve emphasised the importance of accessibility, let’s explain how you can implement your own accessibility testing strategy.

    Create your accessibility testing plan

    Careful planning is crucial for making accessibility testing affordable and profitable. This starts with identifying the assets you need to test and optimise. This may include :

    • Website or web app
    • Mobile app
    • Videos
    • Podcasts and audio
    • PDFs
    • Marketing emails

    Map out all the assets your target audience interacts with and bring them into your accessibility testing plan. Optimising your website for screen readers is great, but you don’t want to forget your marketing emails and exclude vision-impaired users.

    Once you’ve got a complete list of assets, identify the elements and interactions with each one that require accessibility testing. For example, on your website, you should optimise navigation, user interfaces, layouts, web forms, etc.

    You also need to consider the impact of device types. For example, how touchscreens change the experience for motor impairments.

    Now that you know the scope of your testing strategy, it’s time to define your accessibility standards. Use external frameworks like WCAG guidelines and relevant legal requirements to create an internal set of standards.

    Once your accessibility standards are complete, train your staff at every level. This includes designers, developers, and content creators — everyone who works on assets is included in your accessibility testing strategy.

    Implement your accessibility standards throughout the design and development phases. Aim to create the most inclusive experiences possible before the accessibility testing stage.

    Implement accessibility practices at every level

    Treating accessibility as an afterthought is the biggest mistake you can make. Aside from neglecting the importance of accessibility, it’s simply not affordable to create assets and then optimise them for accessibility.

    Instead, you need to implement accessibility standards in every design and development stage. This way, you create inclusive assets from the beginning, and accessibility testing flags minor fixes rather than overhauls.

    By extension, you can take lessons from accessibility tests and update your accessibility standards to improve the quality of future assets.

    Set clear specifications in your accessibility standards for everyone to follow. For example, content publishers should be responsible for adding alt-text to all images. Make designers responsible for following contrast guidelines when optimising elements like CTA buttons.

    A comparison of CTA buttons

    Next, managers can review assets and check for accessibility standards before anything is signed off. This way, you achieve higher test accessibility scores, and most fixes should be minor.

    This is the key to making accessibility testing manageable and profitable.

    Automate accessibility testing

    Automation is the other big factor in making accessibility efficient. With the right tools, you can run tests periodically without any manual workload, collecting data and flagging potential issues at almost no cost.

    For example, you can run automated accessibility tests on your website every month to check for common issues. This might flag up pages without alt-text for images, colour issues on a new batch of landing pages or a sudden drop in mobile loading times.

    Every automated test you can run reduces the manual workload of optimising accessibility. This frees up more time for the manual tests that require the attention of accessibility experts. 

    • Free up time for accessibility tasks that require manual testing
    • Identify issues with new content, assets, code, etc. faster
    • Run automated accessibility testing on new CRO changes

    Schedule manual accessibility reviews

    While it’s important to automate as much accessibility testing as possible, most accessibility standards require some form of manual testing. If we use the WCAG standards as a guideline, more than 70% of success require manual review and verification, including :

    • Testing websites with a screen reader
    • Navigating apps by only using a keyword
    • Quality assessing closed captions and subtitles
    • Testing web forms for people using speech input
    • Checking conversion actions for users with mobility issues (CTAs, forms, payments, etc.)

    Yes, you can automatically check all images for alt-text, but simply providing alt-text isn’t enough. You also have to review alt-text to make sure they’re descriptive, accurate and informative about the experience.

    Once again, the best way to minimise your time spent on manual testing is to implement accessibility standards throughout design and development. Train your content publishers to create alt-text that meets your criteria and editors to review them before pieces are signed off. 

    This way, you should always have the required alt-text before the content reaches the accessibility testing stage. The same applies to video transcriptions, web forms, website navigation, etc.

    Building a culture of accessibility makes the testing process as efficient as possible.

    What tools do you need for accessibility testing ?

    Now that we’ve covered the key essentials of accessibility testing, let’s look at some of the best accessibility testing tools to help you implement your strategy.

    accessiBe : AI-powered accessibility testing automation

    accessiBe is an accessibility testing automation and management system. It incorporates two core products : accessWidget for automating UI accessibility and accessFlow as an all-in-one solution for developers.

    screenshot of accessiBe

    Key features :

    • Automated accessibility testing
    • Accessibility widget for easy optimisation
    • Product accessibility for web, mobile and native apps
    • AI-powered accessibility insights
    • Compliance with WCAG, EAA and more

    As explained earlier, automation is crucial for making accessibility testing efficient and profitable. With accessiBe, you can automate the first line of accessibility checks so testers only need to get involved when manual action is necessary.

    Maze : Intelligent usability testing software

    Maze is a usability testing system that uses AI and automation to enhance traditional qualitative testing. You can run automated tests on live websites, capture survey feedback and recruit users to test experiences with real people.

    screenshot of Maze

    Key features :

    • Live website testing
    • Feedback surveys
    • Usability interviews
    • Test recruitment
    • Automated analysis

    While traditional usability interviews can provide in-depth insights, they’re expensive, time-consuming and difficult to run at scale. Maze’s solution is a hybrid testing system that automates data capture and analysis while supporting real user testing in one system.

    Matomo : Empowering people with ethical web analytics

    Matomo is a web analytics solution that gives you 100% data ownership while respecting user privacy. Think of this as a Google Analytics alternative that doesn’t use your visitors’ data for advertising purposes.

    Matomo dashboard

    Key features :

    • Privacy-friendly and GDPR-compliant tracking
    • Conversion rate optimisation features like heatmaps, session recordings, A/B testing and more
    • Accurate, unsampled data – see 40-60% more data than other analytics tools that sample data
    • Open-source

    Accessibility starts with creating quality experiences for everyone. Matomo reliably captures 100% of the data you need to optimise experiences without losing their trust. Instead of handing their personal info to Google or other tech giants, you retain full data ownership — fully compliant with GDPR, CCPA, etc.

    Try Matomo free for 21-days (no credit card required), or speak to our sales team for more info on how Matomo can enhance your site’s user experience and support your accessibility testing strategy.

    Try Matomo for Free

    Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

    No credit card required

    UserTesting : Video-based user testing software

    UserTesting is the more traditional system for running usability tests with real people. The platform helps you recruit users and manage usability tests with a series of sessions and video interviews.

    screenshot of UserTesting

    Key features :

    • Usability testing
    • Test recruitment
    • Live interviews
    • AI-powered insights
    • Usability services

    UserTesting is a slower, more expensive approach to testing experiences, but its video-based interviews allow you to have meaningful conversations with real users.

    Siteimprove : WCAG compliance testing

    Siteimprove automates website testing, accessibility and optimisation. It includes dedicated tools for checking WCAG and DCI compliance with an automated scoring system. This helps you keep track of scores and identify any accessibility and usability issues faster.

    screenshot of Siteimprove screenshot of Siteimprove

    Key features :

    • Automated accessibility checks
    • Inclusivity scores
    • Accessibility recommendations
    • Accessibility tracking
    • Marketing and revenue attribution
    • Usability insights

    Siteimprove provides a first line of accessibility testing with automated checks and practical recommendations. It also tracks accessibility scores, including ratings for all three WCAG compliance levels (A, AA and AAA).

    Find the value in accessibility testing

    Accessibility testing isn’t only a moral obligation ; it’s good business. Aside from avoiding fines and lawsuits, inclusive experiences are increasingly profitable. User bases with accessibility needs are only growing while non-disabled audiences are using accessibility resources like subtitles and transcripts in greater numbers.

    Accessibility improves everyone’s experiences, and this only does good things for conversion rates, revenue and profit.

    Start building your datasets for accessibility testing today with a Matomo 21-day free trial — no credit card required. Gain 100% ownership over your analytics data while complying with GDPR and other data privacy regulations.