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    Unfortunately a software is never perfect.
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  • The 7 GDPR Principles : A Guide to Compliance

    11 août 2023, par Erin — Analytics Tips, GDPR

    We all knew it was coming. It’s all anyone could talk about — the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) took effect on 25 May 2018. 

    You might think five years would have been plenty of time for organisations to achieve compliance, yet many have failed to do so. As of 2022, 81% of French businesses and 95% of American companies were still not compliant.

    If you’re one of these organisations still working on compliance, this blog will provide valuable information about the seven GDPR principles and guide you on your way to compliance. It will also explore how web analytics tools can help organisations improve transparency, ensure data security and achieve GDPR compliance.

    What is GDPR ?

    The European Union (EU) created the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to grant individuals greater control over their data and promote transparency in data processing. 

    Known by many other names across Europe (e.g., RGPD, DSGVO, etc.), the GDPR created a set of rules surrounding the handling of personal data of EU citizens and residents, to make sure organisations aren’t being irresponsible with user names, locations, IP addresses, information gleaned from cookies, and so on. 

    Organisations must assume several responsibilities to achieve GDPR compliance, regardless of their physical location. These obligations include :

    • Respecting user rights
    • Implementing documentation and document retention policies
    • Ensuring data security 

    Why is GDPR compliance important ?

    Data has become a valuable asset for businesses worldwide. The collection and use of data is a feature of almost every sector. However, with increased data usage comes a greater responsibility to protect individuals’ privacy and rights. 

    A YouGov study conducted in 17 key markets found that two in three adults worldwide believe tech corporations across all markets have too much control over their data.

    GDPR is the most extensive government framework aiming to tackle the increasing concern over data collection and handling. GDPR safeguards personal data from misuse, unauthorised access and data breaches. It ensures that businesses handle information responsibly and with respect for individual privacy. It also provided a foundation for similar laws to be created in other countries, including China, which is among the least concerned regions (56%), along with Sweden (54%) and Indonesia (56%).

    GDPR has been pivotal in safeguarding personal data and empowering individuals with more control over their information. Compliance with GDPR builds trust between businesses and their customers. Currently, 71% of the countries in the world are covered by data protection and privacy legislation.

    What are the risks of non-compliance ?

    We’ve established the siginficance of GDPR, but what about the implications — what does it mean for your business ? The consequences of non-compliance can be severe and are not worth being lax about. 

    According to Article 83 of the GDPR, you can be penalised up to 4% of your annual global revenue or €20 million, whichever is higher, for violations. For smaller businesses, such substantial fines could be devastating. Non-compliance could even result in legal action from individuals or data protection authorities, leading to further financial losses.

    Potential outcomes are not just legal and financial. GDPR violations can significantly damage your reputation as a company. Non-compliance could also cost you business opportunities if your policies and processes do not comply and, therefore, do not align with potential partners. Customers trust businesses that take data protection seriously over those that do not.

    Finally, and perhaps the most timid outcome on the surface, individuals have the right to complain to data protection authorities if they believe you violate their data rights. These complaints can trigger an investigation, and if your business is found to be breaking the rules, you could face all of the consequences mentioned above. 

    You may think it couldn’t happen to you, but GDPR fines have collectively reached over €4 billion and are growing at a notable rate. Fines grew 92% from H1 2021 compared with H1 2022. A record-breaking €1.2 billion fine to Meta in 2023 is the biggest we’ve seen, so far. But smaller businesses can be fined, too. A bank in Hungary was fined €1,560 for not erasing and correcting data when the subject requested it. (Individuals can also be fined in flagrant cases, like a police officer fined €1,400 for using police info for private purposes.)

    The 7 GDPR principles and how to comply

    You should now have a good understanding of GDPR, why it’s important and the consequences of not being compliant. 

    Your first step to compliance is to identify the personal data your organisation processes and determine the legal basis for processing each type. You then need to review your data processing activities to ensure they align with the GDPR’s purpose and principles.

    There are seven key principles in Article 5 of the GDPR that govern the lawful processing of personal data :

    Lawfulness, fairness and transparency

    This principle ensures you collect and use data in a legal and transparent way. It must be collected with consent, and you must tell your customers why you need their data. Data processing must be conducted fairly and transparently. 

    How to comply

    • Review your data practices and identify if and why you collect personal data from customers.
    • Update your website and forms to include a clear and easy-to-understand explanation of why you need their data and what you’ll use it for.
    • Obtain explicit consent from individuals when processing their sensitive data.
    • Add a cookie consent banner to your website, informing users about the cookies you use and why.
    • Privacy notices must be accessible at all times. 
    • To ensure your cookies are GDPR compliant, you must :
      • Get consent before using any cookies (except strictly necessary cookies). 
      • Clearly explain what each cookie tracks and its purpose.
      • Document and store user consent.
      • Don’t refuse access to services if users do not consent to the use of certain cookies.
      • Make the consent withdrawal process simple. 

    Use tools like Matomo that can be configured to automatically anonymise data so you don’t process any personal data.

    Purpose limitation

    You can only use data for the specific, legitimate purposes you told your visitors, prospects or customers about at the time of collection. You can’t use it for anything else without asking again. 

    How to comply

    • Define the specific purposes for collecting personal data (e.g., processing orders, sending newsletters).
    • Ensure you don’t use the data for any other purposes without getting explicit consent from the individuals.

    Data minimisation

    Data minimisation means you should only collect the data you need, aligned with the stated purpose. You shouldn’t gather or store more data than necessary. Implementing data minimisation practices ensures compliance and protects against data breaches.

    How to comply

    • Identify the minimum data required for each purpose.
    • Conduct a data audit to identify and eliminate unnecessary data collection points.
    • Don’t ask for unnecessary information or store data that’s not essential for your business operations.
    • Implement data retention policies to delete data when it is no longer required.

    Accuracy

    You are responsible for keeping data accurate and up-to-date at all times. You should have processes to promptly erase or correct any data if you have incorrect information for your customers.

    How to comply

    • Implement a process to regularly review and update customer data.
    • Provide an easy way for customers to request corrections to their data if they find any errors.

    Storage limitation

    Data should not be kept longer than necessary. You should only hold onto it for as long as you have a valid reason, which should be the purpose stated and consented to. Securely dispose of data when it is no longer needed. There is no upper time limit on data storage. 

    How to comply

    • Set clear retention periods for the different types of data you collect.
    • Develop data retention policies and adhere to them consistently.
    • Delete data when it’s no longer needed for the purposes you specified.

    Integrity and confidentiality

    You must take measures to protect data from unauthorised or unlawful access, like keeping it locked away and secure.

    How to comply

    • Securely store personal data with encryption and access controls, and keep it either within the EU or somewhere with similar privacy protections. 
    • Train your staff on data protection and restrict access to data only to those who need it for their work.
    • Conduct regular security assessments and address vulnerabilities promptly.

    Accountability

    Accountability means that you are responsible for complying with the other principles. You must demonstrate that you are following the rules and taking data protection seriously.

    How to comply

    • Appoint a Data Protection Officer (DPO) or someone responsible for data privacy in your company.
    • Maintain detailed records of data processing activities and any data breaches.
    • Data breaches must be reported within 72 hours.

    Compliance with GDPR is an ongoing process, and it’s vital to review and update your practices regularly. 

    What are GDPR rights ?

    Individuals are granted various rights under the GDPR. These rights give them more control over their personal data.

    A diagram with the GDPR consumer rights

    The right to be informed : People can ask why their data is required.

    What to do : Explain why personal data is required and how it will be used.

    The right to access : People can request and access the personal data you hold about them.
    What to do : Provide a copy of the data upon request, free of charge and within one month.

    The right to rectification : If data errors or inaccuracies are found, your customers can ask you to correct them.
    What to do : Promptly update any incorrect information to ensure it is accurate and up-to-date.

    The right to object to processing : Your customers have the right to object to processing their data for certain purposes, like direct marketing.
    What to do : Respect this objection unless you have legitimate reasons for processing the data.

    Rights in relation to automated decision-making and profiling : GDPR gives individuals the right not to be subject to decisions based solely on automated processing, including profiling, if it significantly impacts them.
    What to do : Offer individuals the right to human intervention and express their point of view in such cases.

    The right to be forgotten : Individuals can request the deletion of their data under certain circumstances, such as when the data is no longer necessary or when they withdraw consent.
    What to do : Comply with such requests unless you have a legal obligation to keep the data.

    The right to data portability : People can request their personal data in a commonly used and machine-readable format.
    What to do : Provide the data to the individual if they want to transfer it to another service provider.

    The right to restrict processing : Customers can ask you to temporarily stop processing their data, for example, while they verify its accuracy or when they object to its usage.
    What to do : Store the data during this period but do not process it further.

    Are all website analytics tools GDPR compliant ?

    Unfortunately, not all web analytics tools are built the same. No matter where you are located in the world, if you are processing the personal data of European citizens or residents, you need to fulfil GDPR obligations.

    While your web analytics tool helps you gain valuable insights from your user base and web traffic, they don’t all comply with GDPR. No matter how hard you work to adhere to the seven principles and GDPR rights, using a non-compliant tool means that you’ll never be fully GDPR compliant.

    When using website analytics tools and handling data, you should consider the following :

    Collection of data

    Aligned with the lawfulness, fairness and transparency principle, you must collect consent from visitors for tracking if you are using website analytics tools to collect visitor behavioural data — unless you anonymise data entirely with Matomo.

    A settings interface in the Matomo web analytics tool

    To provide transparency, you should also clarify the types of data you collect, such as IP addresses, device information and browsing behaviour. Note that data collection aims to improve your website’s performance and understand your audience better.

    Storage of data

    Assure your visitors that you securely store their data and only keep it for as long as necessary, following GDPR’s storage limitation principle. Clearly state the retention periods for different data types and specify when you’ll delete or anonymise it.

    Usage of data

    Make it clear that to comply with the purpose limitation principle, the data you collect will not be used for other purposes beyond website analytics. You should also promise not to share data with third parties for marketing or unrelated activities without their explicit consent. 

    Anonymisation and pseudonymisation

    Features like IP anonymisation to protect users’ privacy are available with GA4 (Google Analytics) and Matomo. Describe how you use these tools and mention that you may use pseudonyms or unique identifiers instead of real names to safeguard personal data further.

    Cookies and consent

    Inform visitors that your website uses cookies and other tracking technologies for analytics purposes. Matomo offers customisable cookie banners and opt-out options that allow users to choose their preferences regarding cookies and tracking, along with cookieless options that don’t require consent banners. 

    Right to access and correct data

    Inform visitors of their rights and provide instructions on requesting information. Describe how to correct inaccuracies in their data and update their preferences.

    Security measures

    Assure visitors that you take data security seriously and have implemented measures to protect their data from unauthorised access or breaches. You can also use this opportunity to highlight any encryption or access controls you use to safeguard data.

    Contact information

    Provide contact details for your company’s Data Protection Officer (DPO) and encourage users to reach out if they have any questions or concerns about their data and privacy.

    When selecting web analytics tools, consider how well they align with GDPR principles. Look for features like anonymisation, consent management options, data retention controls, security measures and data storage within the EU or a similarly privacy-protecting jurisdiction. 

    Matomo offers an advanced GDPR Manager. This is to make sure websites are fully GDPR compliant by giving users the ability to access, withdraw consent, object or erase their data, in addition to the anonymizing features. 

    And finally, when you use Matomo, you have 100% data ownership — stored with us in the EU if you’re using Matomo Cloud or on your own servers with Matomo On-Premise — so you can be data-driven and still be compliant with worldwide privacy laws. We are also trusted across industries as we provide accurate data (no trying to fill in the gaps with AI), a robust API that lets you connect your data to your other tools and cookieless tracking options so you don’t need a cookie consent banner. What’s more, our open-source nature allows you to explore the inner workings, offering the assurance of security firsthand. 

    Ready to become GDPR compliant ?

    Whether you’re an established business or just starting out, if you work with data from EU citizens or residents, then achieving GDPR compliance is essential. It doesn’t need to cost you a fortune or five years to get to compliant status. With the right tools and processes, you can be on top of the privacy requirements in no time at all, avoiding any of those hefty penalties or the resulting damage to your reputation. 

    You don’t need to sacrifice powerful data insights to be GDPR compliant. While Google Analytics uses data for its ‘own purposes’, Matomo is an ethical alternative. Using our all-in-one web analytics platform means you own 100% of your data 100% of the time. 

    Start a 21-day free trial of Matomo — no credit card required.

    Disclaimer

    We are not lawyers and don’t claim to be. The information provided here is to help give an introduction to GDPR. We encourage every business and website to take data privacy seriously and discuss these issues with your lawyer if you have any concerns.

  • How to Conduct a Customer Journey Analysis (Step-by-Step)

    9 mai 2024, par Erin

    Your customers are everything.

    Treat them right, and you can generate recurring revenue for years. Treat them wrong ; you’ll be spinning your wheels and dealing with churn.

    How do you give your customers the best experience possible so they want to stick around ?

    Improve their customer experience.

    How ?

    By conducting a customer journey analysis.

    When you know how your customers experience your business, you can improve it to meet and exceed customer expectations.

    In this guide, we’ll break down how the customer journey works and give you a step-by-step guide to conduct a thorough customer journey analysis so you can grow your brand.

    What is a customer journey analysis ?

    Every customer you’ve ever served went on a journey to find you.

    From the moment they first heard of you, to the point that they became a customer. 

    Everything in between is the customer journey.

    A customer journey analysis is how you track and analyse how your customers use different channels to interact with your brand.

    What is a customer journey analysis?

    Analysing your customer journey involves identifying the customer’s different touchpoints with your business so you can understand how it impacts their experience. 

    This means looking at every moment they interacted with your brand before, during and after a sale to help you gain actionable insights into their experience and improve it to reach your business objectives.

    Your customers go through specific customer touchpoints you can track. By analysing this customer journey from a bird’s eye view, you can get a clear picture of the entire customer experience.

    4 benefits of customer journey analysis

    Before we dive into the different steps involved in a customer journey analysis, let’s talk about why it’s vital to analyse the customer journey.

    By regularly analysing your customer journey, you’ll be able to improve the entire customer experience with practical insights, allowing you to :

    Understand your customers better

    What’s one key trait all successful businesses have ?

    They understand their customers.

    By analysing your customer journey regularly, you’ll gain new insights into their wants, needs, desires and behaviours, allowing you to serve them better. These insights will show you what led them to buy a product (or not).

    For example, through conducting a customer journey analysis, a company might find out that customers who come from LinkedIn are more likely to buy than those coming from Facebook.

    Find flaws in your customer journey

    Nobody wants to hear they have flaws. But the reality is your customer journey likely has a few flaws you could improve.

    By conducting customer journey analysis consistently, you’ll be able to pinpoint precisely where you’re losing prospects along the way. 

    For example, you may discover you’re losing customers through Facebook Ads. Or you may find your email strategy isn’t as good as it used to be.

    But it’s not just about the channel. It could be a transition between two channels. For example, you may have great engagement on Instagram but are not converting them into email subscribers. The issue may be that your transition between the two channels has a leak.

    Or you may find that prospects using certain devices (i.e., mobile, tablet, desktop) have lower conversions. This might be due to design and formatting issues across different devices.

    By looking closely at your customer journey and the different customer touchpoints, you’ll see issues preventing prospects from turning into leads or customers from returning to buy again as loyal customers.

    Gain insights into how you can improve your brand

    Your customer journey analysis won’t leave you with a list of problems. Instead, you’ll have a list of opportunities.

    Since you’ll be able to better understand your customers and where they’re falling off the sales funnel, you’ll have new insights into how you can improve the experience and grow your brand.

    For example, maybe you notice that your visitors are getting stuck at one stage of the customer journey and you’re trying to find out why.

    So, you leverage Matomo’s heatmaps, sessions recordings and scroll depth to find out more.

    In the case below, we can see that Matomo’s scroll map is showing that only 65% of the visitors are reaching the main call to action (to write a review). 

    Scroll depth screenshot in Matomo displaying lack of clicks to CTA button

    To try to push for higher conversions and get more reviews, we could consider moving that button higher up on the page, ideally above the fold.

    Rather than guessing what’s preventing conversions, you can use user behaviour analytics to “step in our user’s shoes” so you can optimise faster and with confidence.

    Try Matomo for Free

    Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

    No credit card required

    Grow your revenue

    By taking charge of your customer journey, you can implement different strategies that will help you increase your reach, gain more prospects, convert more prospects into customers and turn regulars into loyal customers.

    Using customer journey analysis will help you optimise those different touchpoints to maximise the ROI of your channels and get the most out of each marketing activity you implement.

    7 steps to conduct a customer journey analysis

    Now that you know the importance of conducting a customer journey analysis regularly, let’s dive into how to implement an analysis.

    Here are the seven steps you can take to analyse the customer journey to improve your customer experience :

    7 steps to conduct a customer journey analysis.

    1. Map out your customer journey

    Your first step to conducting an effective customer journey analysis is to map your entire customer journey.

    Customer journey mapping means looking at several factors :

    • Buying process
    • Customer actions
    • Buying emotions
    • Buying pain points
    • Solutions

    Once you have an overview of your customer journey maps, you’ll gain insights into your customers, their interests and how they interact with your brand. 

    After this, it’s time to dive into the touchpoints.

    2. Identify all the customer touchpoints 

    To improve your customer journey, you need to know every touchpoint a customer can (and does) make with your brand.

    This means taking note of every single channel and medium they use to communicate with your brand :

    • Website
    • Social media
    • Search engines (SEO)
    • Email marketing
    • Paid advertising
    • And more

    Essentially, anywhere you communicate and interact with your customers is fair game to analyse.

    If you want to analyse your entire sales funnel, you can try Matomo, a privacy-friendly web analytics tool. 

    You should make sure to split up your touchpoints into different customer journey stages :

    • Awareness
    • Consideration
    • Conversion
    • Advocacy

    Then, it’s time to move on to how customers interact on these channels.

    Try Matomo for Free

    Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

    No credit card required

    3. Measure how customers interact on each channel

    To understand the customer journey, you can’t just know where your customers interact with you. You end up learning how they’re interacting.

    This is only possible by measuring customer interactions.

    How ?

    By using a web analytics tool like Matomo.

    With Matomo, you can track every customer action on your website.

    This means anytime they :

    • Visit your website
    • View a web page
    • Click a link
    • Fill out a form
    • Purchase a product
    • View different media
    • And more

    You should analyse your engagement on your website, apps and other channels, like email and social media.

    4. Implement marketing attribution

    Now that you know where your customers are and how they interact, it’s time to analyse the effectiveness of each channel based on your conversion rates.

    Implementing marketing attribution (or multi-touch attribution) is a great way to do this.

    Attribution is how you determine which channels led to a conversion.

    While single-touch attribution models credit one channel for a conversion, marketing attribution gives credit to a few channels.

    For example, let’s say Bob is looking for a new bank. He sees an Instagram post and finds himself on HSBC’s website. After looking at a few web pages, he attends a webinar hosted by HSBC on financial planning and investment strategies. One week later, he gets an email from HSBC following up on the webinar. Then, he decides to sign up for HSBC’s online banking.

    Single touch attribution would attribute 100% of the conversion to email, which doesn’t show the whole picture. Marketing attribution would credit all channels : social media, website content, webinars and email.

    Matomo offers multiple attribution models. These models leverage different weighting factors, like time decay or linear, so that you can allocate credit to each touchpoint based on its impact.

    Matomo’s multi-touch attribution reports give you in-depth insights into how revenue is distributed across different channels. These detailed reports help you analyse each channel’s contribution to revenue generation so you can optimise the customer journey and improve business outcomes.

    Try Matomo for Free

    Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

    No credit card required

    5. Use a funnels report to find where visitors are leaving

    Once you set up your marketing attribution, it’s time to analyse where visitors are falling off.

    You can leverage Matomo funnels to find out the conversion rate at each step of the journey on your website. Funnel reports can help you see exactly where visitors are falling through the cracks so you can increase conversions.

    6. Analyse why visitors aren’t converting

    Once you can see where visitors are leaving, you can start to understand why.

    For example, let’s say you analyse your funnels report in Matomo and see your landing page is experiencing the highest level of drop-offs.

    Screenshot of Forms Overview report in Matomo's Form Analytics feature

    You can also use form analytics to find out why users aren’t converting on your landing pages – a crucial part of the customer journey.

    7. A/B test to improve the customer journey

    The final step to improve your customer journey is to conduct A/B tests. These are tests where you test one version of a landing page to see which one converts better, drives more traffic, or generates more revenue.

    For example, you could create two versions of a header on your website and drive 50% of your traffic to each version. Then, once you’ve got your winner, you can keep that as your new landing page.

    Screenshot of A/B testing report in Matomo

    Using the data from your A/B tests, you can optimise your customer journey to help convert more prospects into customers.

    Use Matomo to improve your customer journey analysis

    Now that you understand why it’s important to conduct customer journey analysis regularly and how it works, it’s time to put this into practice.

    To improve the customer journey, you need to understand what’s happening at each stage of your funnel. 

    Matomo gives you insights into your customer journey so you can improve website performance and convert more visitors into customers.

    Used by over 1 million websites, Matomo is the leading privacy-friendly web analytics solution in the world. 

    Matomo provides you with accurate, unsampled data so you understand exactly what’s going on with your website performance.

    The best part ?

    It’s easy to use and is compliant with the strictest privacy regulations.

    Try Matomo free for 21-days and start Improving your customer journey. No credit card required.

  • error when converting mts to mp4

    6 janvier 2015, par Chan Kim

    I have many video files that I want to convert to mp4.
    so I installed ffmpeg on my win7 PC (64 bit) which is using shared library.
    I tried to convert an MTS file to MP4 and I get this error.
    What is the problem ?

    $ ffmpeg -i 20140806114251.MTS 20140806114251.mp4
    ffmpeg version N-68788-g37b35fe Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the FFmpeg developers
     built on Dec 30 2014 22:18:55 with gcc 4.9.2 (GCC)
     configuration: --disable-static --enable-shared --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --disable-w32threads --enable-avisynth --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-frei0r --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libbs2b --enable-libcaca --enable-libfreetype --enable-libgme --enable-libgsm --enable-libilbc --enable-libmodplug --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-librtmp --enable-libschroedinger --enable-libsoxr --enable-libspeex --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvo-aacenc --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs --enable-libxvid --enable-lzma --enable-decklink --enable-zlib
     libavutil      54. 15.100 / 54. 15.100
     libavcodec     56. 19.100 / 56. 19.100
     libavformat    56. 16.102 / 56. 16.102
     libavdevice    56.  3.100 / 56.  3.100
     libavfilter     5.  6.100 /  5.  6.100
     libswscale      3.  1.101 /  3.  1.101
     libswresample   1.  1.100 /  1.  1.100
     libpostproc    53.  3.100 / 53.  3.100
    Input #0, mpegts, from '20140806114251.MTS':
     Duration: 00:00:19.04, start: 1.033367, bitrate: 16273 kb/s
     Program 1
       Stream #0:0[0x1011]: Video: h264 (High) (HDMV / 0x564D4448), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc
       Stream #0:1[0x1100]: Audio: ac3 (AC-3 / 0x332D4341), 48000 Hz, 5.1(side), fltp, 448 kb/s
       Stream #0:2[0x1200]: Subtitle: hdmv_pgs_subtitle ([144][0][0][0] / 0x0090), 1920x1080
    [libx264 @ 0000000002b60a20] using SAR=1/1
    [libx264 @ 0000000002b60a20] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX
    [libx264 @ 0000000002b60a20] profile High, level 4.0
    [libx264 @ 0000000002b60a20] 264 - core 144 r2525 40bb568 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2014 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
    [libvo_aacenc @ 00000000028a4020] Unable to set encoding parameters
    Output #0, mp4, to '20140806114251.mp4':
       Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=-1--1, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbn, 29.97 tbc
       Metadata:
         encoder         : Lavc56.19.100 libx264
       Stream #0:1: Audio: aac, 0 channels, 128 kb/s
       Metadata:
         encoder         : Lavc56.19.100 libvo_aacenc
    Stream mapping:
     Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
     Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (ac3 (native) -> aac (libvo_aacenc))
    Error while opening encoder for output stream #0:1 - maybe incorrect parameters such as bit_rate, rate, width or height

    EDIT : I thought I solved this problem by using

    ffmpeg -i filename1.mts filename1.mkv

    my Samsung LED TV supports mkv file and during the conversion, it shows

     Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (h264 (native) -> h264 (libx264))
     Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (ac3 (native) -> vorbis (libvorbis))

    But Alas ! my TV doesn’t support vorbis codec. It only supports mp3, ac3, lpcm, and ADPCM when using mkv container. So the question is : How do people select output audio codec ?