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• Video from images in Python

  26 février 2018, par R. Patterson

  I can draw a series of images using plt.draw() and plt.pause() so it produces something similar to an animation in the python window. I have modified each of the images with various labels, drawings etc.

  import numpy as np
  
  from PIL import Image
  
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  import math
  
  
  
  def display(Intensity):
  
      l = plt.Line2D(Intensity[0],Intensity[1],color='yellow') #draw ROI/IAL
  
      ax = plt.gca()
  
      ax.add_line(l)
  
      plt.axis('off')
  
      plt.pause(0.05)
  
      plt.draw()
  
      plt.clf()
  
  
  
  #rotate region of interest
  
  def rotate(origin,Intensity,increment):
  
      ox, oy = origin #coordinates of centre or rotation
  
      x_points=[]
  
      y_points=[]
  
      angle=math.radians(increment)#change in angle between each image
  
      for i in range(0,len(Intensity[0])):
  
          px, py = Intensity[0][i], Intensity[1][i]
  
          qx = ox+math.cos(angle)*(px-ox)-math.sin(angle)*(py-oy)
  
          x_points.append(qx)
  
          qy = oy+math.sin(angle)*(px-ox)+math.cos(angle)*(py-oy)
  
          y_points.append(qy)
  
      rotatecoordinates=[]
  
      rotatecoordinates.append(x_points)
  
      rotatecoordinates.append(y_points)
  
      return rotatecoordinates
  
  
  
  def animation(list, Intensity):
  
      inc=0
  
      for value in list:
  
          item = np.array(value)
  
          rotated=rotate([128,128],Intensity,inc)
  
          im=plt.imshow(item, interpolation='nearest')
  
          display(rotated)
  
          inc+=1
  
  
  
  Image_list=[]
  
  for i in range(0,50):
  
      array=np.linspace(0,1,256*256)
  
      mat=np.reshape(array,(256,256))
  
      img=Image.fromarray(np.uint8(mat*255),'L') #create images
  
      Image_list.append(img)
  
  
  
  myROI=([100,150,150,100,100],[100,100,150,150,100]) #region of interest on image
  
  animation(Image_list,myROI)

  I would like to produce a video file using the images produced. I can’t use the module imageio, imagemagick, opencv, cv2 etc. I think ffmpeg would work, I have the following code.

  def save():
  
      os.system("ffmpeg -r 1 -i img%01d.png -vcodec mpeg4 -y movie.mp4") 

  I don’t understand how to use it in relation to the code I already have. It doesn’t take any arguments, how would I relate it to the images I have ? I know how to use imagej/fiji to produce videos from images but I would like to do this in python and also it runs out of memory (I have a lot of images, over 2000). Any help would be appreciated, thank you.

• Evolution #2269 : Prise en compte des variantes d’une langue

  8 septembre 2015, par Valéry -

  Notons au passage que ceci implique que #LANG donne un tag de langue complet incluant le subtag région

  • Cf. http://www.w3.org/International/articles/language-tags/

  Celui-ci est au passage exigé par le protocole OpenGraph :

  og:locale - The locale these tags are marked up in. Of the format language_TERRITORY. Default is en_US.

• Increase/Decrease audio volume using FFmpeg

  9 juin 2016, par williamtroup

  I’m am currently using C# invokes to call the FFmpeg APIs to handle video and audio. I have the following code in place to extract the audio from a video and write it to a file.

  while (ffmpeg.av_read_frame(formatContext, &packet) >= 0)
  
  {
  
      if (packet.stream_index == streamIndex)
  
      {
  
          while (packet.size > 0)
  
          {
  
              int frameDecoded;
  
              int frameDecodedResult = ffmpeg.avcodec_decode_audio4(codecContext, frame, &frameDecoded, packet);
  
  
  
              if (frameDecoded > 0 && frameDecodedResult >= 0)
  
              {
  
                  //writeAudio.WriteFrame(frame);
  
  
  
                  packet.data += totalBytesDecoded;
  
                  packet.size -= totalBytesDecoded;
  
              }
  
          }
  
  
  
          frameIndex++;
  
      }
  
  
  
      Avcodec.av_free_packet(&packet);
  
  }

  This is all working correctly. I’m currently using the FFmpeg.AutoGen project for the API access.

  I want to be able to increase/decrease the volume of the audio before its written to the file, but I cannot seem to find a command or any help with this. Does it have to be done manually ?

  Update 1 :

  After receiving some help, this is the class layout I have :

  public unsafe class FilterVolume
  
  {
  
      #region Private Member Variables
  
  
  
      private AVFilterGraph* m_filterGraph = null;
  
      private AVFilterContext* m_aBufferSourceFilterContext = null;
  
      private AVFilterContext* m_aBufferSinkFilterContext = null;
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  
  
      #region Private Constant Member Variables
  
  
  
      private const int EAGAIN = 11;
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  
  
      public FilterVolume(AVCodecContext* codecContext, AVStream* stream, float volume)
  
      {
  
          CodecContext = codecContext;
  
          Stream = stream;
  
          Volume = volume;
  
  
  
          Initialise();
  
      }
  
  
  
      public AVFrame* Adjust(AVFrame* frame)
  
      {
  
          AVFrame* returnFilteredFrame = ffmpeg.av_frame_alloc();
  
  
  
          if (m_aBufferSourceFilterContext != null && m_aBufferSinkFilterContext != null)
  
          {
  
              int bufferSourceAddFrameResult = ffmpeg.av_buffersrc_add_frame(m_aBufferSourceFilterContext, frame);
  
              if (bufferSourceAddFrameResult < 0)
  
              {
  
              }
  
  
  
              int bufferSinkGetFrameResult = ffmpeg.av_buffersink_get_frame(m_aBufferSinkFilterContext, returnFilteredFrame);
  
              if (bufferSinkGetFrameResult < 0 && bufferSinkGetFrameResult != -EAGAIN)
  
              {
  
              }
  
          }
  
  
  
          return returnFilteredFrame;
  
      }
  
  
  
      public void Dispose()
  
      {
  
          Cleanup(m_filterGraph);
  
      }
  
  
  
      #region Private Properties
  
  
  
      private AVCodecContext* CodecContext { get; set; }
  
      private AVStream* Stream { get; set; }
  
      private float Volume { get; set; }
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  
  
      #region Private Setup Helper Functions
  
  
  
      private void Initialise()
  
      {
  
          m_filterGraph = GetAllocatedFilterGraph();
  
  
  
          string aBufferFilterArguments = string.Format("sample_fmt={0}:channel_layout={1}:sample_rate={2}:time_base={3}/{4}",
  
              (int)CodecContext->sample_fmt,
  
              CodecContext->channel_layout,
  
              CodecContext->sample_rate,
  
              Stream->time_base.num,
  
              Stream->time_base.den);
  
  
  
          AVFilterContext* aBufferSourceFilterContext = CreateFilter("abuffer", m_filterGraph, aBufferFilterArguments);
  
          AVFilterContext* volumeFilterContext = CreateFilter("volume", m_filterGraph, string.Format("volume={0}", Volume));
  
          AVFilterContext* aBufferSinkFilterContext = CreateFilter("abuffersink", m_filterGraph);
  
  
  
          LinkFilter(aBufferSourceFilterContext, volumeFilterContext);
  
          LinkFilter(volumeFilterContext, aBufferSinkFilterContext);
  
  
  
          SetFilterGraphConfiguration(m_filterGraph, null);
  
  
  
          m_aBufferSourceFilterContext = aBufferSourceFilterContext;
  
          m_aBufferSinkFilterContext = aBufferSinkFilterContext;
  
      }
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  
  
      #region Private Cleanup Helper Functions
  
  
  
      private static void Cleanup(AVFilterGraph* filterGraph)
  
      {
  
          if (filterGraph != null)
  
          {
  
              ffmpeg.avfilter_graph_free(&filterGraph);
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  
  
      #region Provate Helpers
  
  
  
      private AVFilterGraph* GetAllocatedFilterGraph()
  
      {
  
          AVFilterGraph* filterGraph = ffmpeg.avfilter_graph_alloc();
  
          if (filterGraph == null)
  
          {
  
          }
  
  
  
          return filterGraph;
  
      }
  
  
  
      private AVFilter* GetFilterByName(string name)
  
      {
  
          AVFilter* filter = ffmpeg.avfilter_get_by_name(name);
  
          if (filter == null)
  
          {
  
          }
  
  
  
          return filter;
  
      }
  
  
  
      private void SetFilterGraphConfiguration(AVFilterGraph* filterGraph, void* logContext)
  
      {
  
          int filterGraphConfigResult = ffmpeg.avfilter_graph_config(filterGraph, logContext);
  
          if (filterGraphConfigResult < 0)
  
          {
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      private AVFilterContext* CreateFilter(string filterName, AVFilterGraph* filterGraph, string filterArguments = null)
  
      {
  
          AVFilter* filter = GetFilterByName(filterName);
  
          AVFilterContext* filterContext;
  
  
  
          int aBufferFilterCreateResult = ffmpeg.avfilter_graph_create_filter(&filterContext, filter, filterName, filterArguments, null, filterGraph);
  
          if (aBufferFilterCreateResult < 0)
  
          {
  
          }
  
  
  
          return filterContext;
  
      }
  
  
  
      private void LinkFilter(AVFilterContext* source, AVFilterContext* destination)
  
      {
  
          int filterLinkResult = ffmpeg.avfilter_link(source, 0, destination, 0);
  
          if (filterLinkResult < 0)
  
          {
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      #endregion
  
  }

  The Adjust() function is called after a frame is decoded. I’m currently getting a -22 error when av_buffersrc_add_frame() is called. This indicates that a parameter is invalid, but after debugging, I cannot see anything that would be causing this.

  This is how the code is called :

  while (ffmpeg.av_read_frame(formatContext, &packet) >= 0)
  
  {
  
      if (packet.stream_index == streamIndex)
  
      {
  
          while (packet.size > 0)
  
          {
  
              int frameDecoded;
  
              int frameDecodedResult = ffmpeg.avcodec_decode_audio4(codecContext, frame, &frameDecoded, packet);
  
  
  
              if (frameDecoded > 0 && frameDecodedResult >= 0)
  
              {
  
                  AVFrame* filteredFrame = m_filterVolume.Adjust(frame);
  
  
  
                  //writeAudio.WriteFrame(filteredFrame);
  
  
  
                  packet.data += totalBytesDecoded;
  
                  packet.size -= totalBytesDecoded;
  
              }
  
          }
  
  
  
          frameIndex++;
  
      }
  
  
  
      Avcodec.av_free_packet(&packet);
  
  }

  Update 2 :

  Cracked it. The "channel_layout" option in the filter argument string is supposed to be a hexadecimal. This is what the string formatting should look like :

  string aBufferFilterArguments = string.Format("sample_fmt={0}:channel_layout=0x{1}:sample_rate={2}:time_base={3}/{4}",
  
      (int)CodecContext->sample_fmt,
  
      CodecContext->channel_layout,
  
      CodecContext->sample_rate,
  
      Stream->time_base.num,
  
      Stream->time_base.den);