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• Consent Mode v2 : Everything You Need to Know

  7 mai 2024, par Alex — Analytics Tips

  Confused about Consent Mode v2 and its impact on your website analytics ? You’re not the only one. 

  Google’s latest update has left many scratching their heads about data privacy and tracking. 

  In this blog, we’re getting straight to the point. We’ll break down what Consent Mode v2 is, how it works, and the impact it has.

  What is Consent Mode ?

  What exaclty is Google Consent Mode and why is there so much buzz surrounding it ? This question has been frustrating analysts and marketers worldwide since the beginning of this year. 

  Consent Mode is the solution from Google designed to manage data collection on websites in accordance with user privacy requirements.

  This mode enables website owners to customise how Google tags respond to users’ consent status for cookie usage. At its core, Consent Mode adheres to privacy regulations such as GDPR in Europe and CCPA in California, without significant loss of analytical data.

  

  How does Consent Mode work ?

  Consent Mode operates by adjusting the behaviour of tags on a website depending on whether consent for cookie usage is provided or not. If a user does not consent to the use of analytical or advertising cookies, Google tags automatically switch to collecting a limited amount of data, ensuring privacy compliance.

  This approach allows for continued valuable insights into website traffic and user behavior, even if users opt out of most tracking cookies.

  What types of consent are available in Consent Mode ?

  As of 6 March 2024, Consent Mode v2 has become the current standard (and in terms of utilising Google Advertising Services, practically mandatory), indicating the incorporation of four consent types :

  1. ad_storage : allows for the collection and storage of data necessary for delivering personalised ads based on user actions.
  2. ad_user_data : pertains to the collection and usage of data that can be associated with the user for ad customisation and optimisation.
  3. ad_personalization : permits the use of user data for ad personalisation and providing more relevant content.
  4. analytics_storage : relates to the collection and storage of data for analytics, enabling websites to analyse user behaviour and enhance user experience.

  Additionally, in Consent Mode v2, there are two modes :

  1. Basic Consent Mode : in which Google tags are not used for personalised advertising and measurements if consent is not obtained.
  2. Advanced Consent Mode : allows Google tags to utilise anonymised data for personalised advertising campaigns and measurements, even if consent is not obtained.

  What is Consent Mode v2 ? (And how does it differ from Consent Mode v1 ?)

  Consent Mode v2 is an improved version of the original Consent Mode, offering enhanced customisation capabilities and better compliance with privacy requirements. 

  The new version introduces additional consent configuration parameters, allowing for even more precise control over which data is collected and how it’s used. The key difference between Consent Mode v2 and Consent Mode v1 lies in more granular consent management, making this tool even more flexible and powerful in safeguarding personal data.

  In Consent Mode v2, the existing markers (ad_storage and analytics_storage) are accompanied by two new markers :

  1. ad_user_data – does the user agree to their personal data being utilized for advertising purposes ?
  2. ad_personalization – does the user agree to their data being employed for remarketing ?

  In contrast to ad_storage and analytics_storage, these markers don’t directly affect how the tags operate on the site itself. 

  They serve as additional directives sent alongside the pings to Google services, indicating how user data can be utilised for advertising purposes.

  While ad_storage and analytics_storage serve as upstream qualifiers for data (determining which identifiers are sent with the pings), ad_user_data and ad_personalization serve as downstream instructions for Google services regarding data processing.

  How is the implementation of Consent Mode v2 going ?

  The implementation of Consent Mode v2 is encountering some issues and bugs (as expected). The most important thing to understand :

  1. Advanced Consent Mode v2 is essential if you have traffic and campaigns with Google Ads in the European Union.
  2. If you don’t have substantially large traffic, enabling Advanced Consent Mode v2 will likely result in a traffic drop in GA4 – because this version of consent mode (unlike the basic one) applies behavioural modelling to users who haven’t accepted the use of cookies. And modelling the behaviour requires time.

  The aspect of behavioural modelling in Consent Mode v2 implies the following : the data of users who have declined tracking options begin to be modelled using machine learning. 

  However, training the model requires a suitable data volume. As the Google’s documentation states :

  The property should collect at least 1,000 events per day with analytics_storage=’denied’ for at least 7 days. The property should have at least 1,000 daily users submitting events with analytics_storage=’granted’ for at least 7 of the previous 28 days.

  Largely due to this, the market’s response to the Consent Mode v2 implementation was mixed : many reported a significant drop in traffic in their GA4 and Google Ads reports upon enabling the Advanced mode. Essentially, a portion of the data was lost because Google’s models lacked enough data for training. 

  And from the very beginning of implementation, users regularly report about a few examples of that scenario. If your website doesn’t have enough traffic for behaviour modelling, after Consent Mode v2 switching you will face significant drop in your traffic in Google Ads and GA4 reports. There are a lot of cases of observing 90-95% drop in metrics of users and sessions.

  In a nutshell, you should be prepared for significant data losses if you are planning to switch to Google Consent Mode v2.

  How does Consent Mode v2 impact web analytics ? 

  The transition to Consent Mode v2 alters the methods of user data collection and processing. The main concerns arise from the potential loss of accuracy and completeness of analytical data due to restrictions on the use of cookies and other identifiers when user consent is absent. 

  With Google Consent Mode v2, the data of visitors who have not agreed to tracking will be modelled and may not accurately reflect your actual visitors’ behaviours and actions. So as an analyst or marketer, you will not have true insights into these visitors and the data acquired will be more generalised and less accurate.

  Google Consent Mode v2 appears to be a kind of compromise band-aid solution. 

  It tries to solve these issues by using data modelling and anonymised data collection. However, it’s critical to note that there are specific limitations inherent to the modelling mechanism.

  This complicates the analysis of visitor behavior, advertising campaigns, and website optimisation, ultimately impacting decision-making and resulting in poor website performance and marketing outcomes.

  Wrap up

  Consent Mode v2 is a mechanism of managing Google tag operations based on user consent settings. 

  It’s mandatory if you’re using Google’s advertising services, and optional (at least for Advanced mode) if you don’t advertise on Google Ads. 

  There are particular indications that this technology is unreliable from a GDPR perspective. 

  Using Google Consent Mode will inevitably lead to data losses and inaccuracies in its analysis. 

  In other words, it in some sense jeopardises your business.

• How to stream webcam video over RTSP using ffmpeg on Windows 10 ? [closed]

  15 mai 2024, par let me down slowly

  I am trying to stream my laptop's webcam using RTSP protocol using ffmpeg. I am trying to simulate an actual IP Camera. I have already tried different tools already including using VidGear python package, and gstreamer but could not get it working. Note : I am on Windows 10. I have tried this command :

  


  ffmpeg -f dshow -s 320x240 -rtbufsize 2147.48M -r 30 -vcodec mjpeg -i video="HD Camera" -f rtsp -rtsp_transport tcp rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream


  


  It turns on the webcam with but prints these logs to the console :

  


  ffmpeg version 7.0-full_build-www.gyan.dev Copyright (c) 2000-2024 the FFmpeg developers
  built with gcc 13.2.0 (Rev5, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59.  8.100 / 59.  8.100
  libavcodec     61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavformat    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavdevice    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavfilter    10.  1.100 / 10.  1.100
  libswscale      8.  1.100 /  8.  1.100
  libswresample   5.  1.100 /  5.  1.100
  libpostproc    58.  1.100 / 58.  1.100
[mjpeg @ 0000026201ae9fc0] unable to decode APP fields: Invalid data found when processing input
Input #0, dshow, from 'video=HD Camera':
  Duration: N/A, start: 1285415.793302, bitrate: N/A
  Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg (Baseline) (MJPG / 0x47504A4D), yuvj422p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 320x240, 30 fps, 30 tbr, 10000k tbn
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg (native) -> mpeg4 (native))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[mjpeg @ 0000026201afe9c0] unable to decode APP fields: Invalid data found when processing input
[swscaler @ 0000026201b5cc40] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 00000262068c57c0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[swscaler @ 0000026201b5cc40] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
    Last message repeated 1 times
[mjpeg @ 0000026201afe9c0] unable to decode APP fields: Invalid data found when processing input
    Last message repeated 8 times


  


  I tried opening rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream but it shows VLC is unable to open the MRL 'rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream'. Check the log for details.

  


  Killing the running process outputs these additional logs

  


  [out#0/rtsp @ 0000026201aeaf80] Could not write header (incorrect codec parameters ?): Immediate exit requested
[vf#0:0 @ 0000026201af4100] Error sending frames to consumers: Immediate exit requested
[vf#0:0 @ 0000026201af4100] Task finished with error code: -1414092869 (Immediate exit requested)
[vf#0:0 @ 0000026201af4100] Terminating thread with return code -1414092869 (Immediate exit requested)
[out#0/rtsp @ 0000026201aeaf80] Nothing was written into output file, because at least one of its streams received no packets.
frame=    0 fps=0.0 q=0.0 Lsize=       0KiB time=N/A bitrate=N/A speed=N/A
Exiting normally, received signal 2.


  


  Output of the command ffmpeg -list_devices true -f dshow -i dummy :

  


    built with gcc 13.2.0 (Rev5, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59.  8.100 / 59.  8.100
  libavcodec     61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavformat    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavdevice    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavfilter    10.  1.100 / 10.  1.100
  libswscale      8.  1.100 /  8.  1.100
  libswresample   5.  1.100 /  5.  1.100
  libpostproc    58.  1.100 / 58.  1.100
[dshow @ 00000140f18d4200] "HD Camera" (video)
[dshow @ 00000140f18d4200]   Alternative name "@device_pnp_\\?\usb#vid_05c8&pid_03ea&mi_00#6&d0a8c55&0&0000#{65e8773d-8f56-11d0-a3b9-00a0c9223196}\global"
[dshow @ 00000140f18d4200] "Microphone (Realtek(R) Audio)" (audio)
[dshow @ 00000140f18d4200]   Alternative name "@device_cm_{33D9A762-90C8-11D0-BD43-00A0C911CE86}\wave_{06840D8D-1151-4D9C-B865-2FE01BFB9FD2}"
[in#0 @ 00000140f18ba640] Error opening input: Immediate exit requested
Error opening input file dummy.


  


  Output of the command ffmpeg -f dshow -list_options true -i video="HD Camera" :

  


    built with gcc 13.2.0 (Rev5, Built by MSYS2 project)
  configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-static --disable-w32threads --disable-autodetect --enable-fontconfig --enable-iconv --enable-gnutls --enable-libxml2 --enable-gmp --enable-bzlib --enable-lzma --enable-libsnappy --enable-zlib --enable-librist --enable-libsrt --enable-libssh --enable-libzmq --enable-avisynth --enable-libbluray --enable-libcaca --enable-sdl2 --enable-libaribb24 --enable-libaribcaption --enable-libdav1d --enable-libdavs2 --enable-libuavs3d --enable-libxevd --enable-libzvbi --enable-librav1e --enable-libsvtav1 --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxavs2 --enable-libxeve --enable-libxvid --enable-libaom --enable-libjxl --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libvpx --enable-mediafoundation --enable-libass --enable-frei0r --enable-libfreetype --enable-libfribidi --enable-libharfbuzz --enable-liblensfun --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvmaf --enable-libzimg --enable-amf --enable-cuda-llvm --enable-cuvid --enable-dxva2 --enable-d3d11va --enable-d3d12va --enable-ffnvcodec --enable-libvpl --enable-nvdec --enable-nvenc --enable-vaapi --enable-libshaderc --enable-vulkan --enable-libplacebo --enable-opencl --enable-libcdio --enable-libgme --enable-libmodplug --enable-libopenmpt --enable-libopencore-amrwb --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libshine --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvo-amrwbenc --enable-libcodec2 --enable-libilbc --enable-libgsm --enable-libopencore-amrnb --enable-libopus --enable-libspeex --enable-libvorbis --enable-ladspa --enable-libbs2b --enable-libflite --enable-libmysofa --enable-librubberband --enable-libsoxr --enable-chromaprint
  libavutil      59.  8.100 / 59.  8.100
  libavcodec     61.  3.100 / 61.  3.100
  libavformat    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavdevice    61.  1.100 / 61.  1.100
  libavfilter    10.  1.100 / 10.  1.100
  libswscale      8.  1.100 /  8.  1.100
  libswresample   5.  1.100 /  5.  1.100
  libpostproc    58.  1.100 / 58.  1.100
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0] DirectShow video device options (from video devices)
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]  Pin "Capture" (alternative pin name "Capture")
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=1280x720 fps=30 max s=1280x720 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=640x480 fps=30 max s=640x480 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=640x360 fps=30 max s=640x360 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=352x288 fps=30 max s=352x288 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=320x240 fps=30 max s=320x240 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   vcodec=mjpeg  min s=176x144 fps=30 max s=176x144 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=1280x720 fps=10 max s=1280x720 fps=10
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=640x480 fps=30 max s=640x480 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=640x360 fps=30 max s=640x360 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=352x288 fps=30 max s=352x288 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=320x240 fps=30 max s=320x240 fps=30
[dshow @ 000002670b4c12c0]   pixel_format=yuyv422  min s=176x144 fps=30 max s=176x144 fps=30
[in#0 @ 000002670b4aa200] Error opening input: Immediate exit requested
Error opening input file video=HD Camera.


  


  Please help me solve the issue or suggest a better approach.

  


• libavformat : add RCWT closed caption muxex

  14 janvier 2024, par Marth64

  libavformat : add RCWT closed caption muxex
  Signed-off-by : Marth64 <marth64@proxyid.net>
  Raw Captions With Time (RCWT) is a format native to ccextractor, a commonly
  
  used open source tool for processing 608/708 closed caption (CC) sources.
  
  It can be used to archive the original, raw CC bitstream and to produce
  
  a source file file for later CC processing or conversion. As a result,
  
  it also allows for interopability with ccextractor for processing CC data
  
  extracted via ffmpeg. The format is simple to parse and can be used
  
  to retain all lines and variants of CC.
  A free specification of RCWT can be found here :
  
  https://github.com/CCExtractor/ccextractor/blob/master/docs/BINARY_FILE_FORMAT.TXT
  
  This muxer implements the specification as of 01/05/2024, which has
  
  been stable and unchanged for 10 years as of this writing.
  This muxer will have some nuances from the way that ccextractor muxes RCWT.
  
  No compatibility issues when processing the output with ccextractor
  
  have been observed as a result of this so far, but mileage may vary
  
  and outputs will not be a bit-exact match.
  Specifically, the differences are :
  
  (1)  This muxer will identify as "FF" as the writing program identifier, so
  
  as to be honest about the output's origin.
  (2)  ffmpeg's MPEG-1/2, H264, HEVC, etc. decoders extract closed captioning
  
  data differently than ccextractor from embedded SEI/user data.
  
  For example, DVD captioning bytes will be translated to ATSC A53 format.
  
  This allows ffmpeg to handle 608/708 in a consistant way downstream.
  
  This is a lossless conversion and the meaningful data is retained.
  (3)  This muxer will not alter the extracted data except to remove invalid
  
  packets in between valid CC blocks. On the other hand, ccextractor
  
  will by default remove mid-stream padding, and add padding at the end
  
  of the stream (in order to convey the end time of the source video).
  

  • [DH] Changelog
  • [DH] doc/muxers.texi
  • [DH] libavformat/Makefile
  • [DH] libavformat/allformats.c
  • [DH] libavformat/rcwtenc.c
  • [DH] tests/fate/subtitles.mak