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  • ffmpeg/libx264 C API : frames dropped from end of short MP4

    19 juillet 2017, par Blake McConnell

    In my C++ application, I am taking a series of JPEG images, manipulating their data using FreeImage, and then encoding the bitmaps as H264 using the ffmpeg/libx264 C API. The output is an MP4 which shows the series of 22 images at 12fps. My code is adapted from the "muxing" example that comes with ffmpeg C source code.

    My problem : no matter how I tune the codec parameters, a certain number of frames at the end of the sequence which are passed to the encoder do not appear in the final output. I’ve set the AVCodecContext parameters like this :

    //set context params
    ctx->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
    ctx->bit_rate = 4000 * 1000;
    ctx->width = _width;
    ctx->height = _height;
    ost->st->time_base = AVRational{ 1, 12 };
    ctx->time_base = ost->st->time_base;
    ctx->gop_size = 1;
    ctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;

    I have found that the higher the gop_size the more frames are dropped from the end of the video. I can also see from the output that, with this gop size (where I’m essentially directing that all output frames be I frames) that only 9 frames are written.

    I’m not sure why this is occurring. I experimented with encoding duplicate frames and making a much longer video. This resulted in no frames being dropped. I know with the ffmpeg command line tool there is a concatenation command that accomplishes what I am trying to do, but I’m not sure how to accomplish the same goal using the C API.

    Here’s the output I’m getting from the console :

    [libx264 @ 026d81c0] using cpu capabilities : MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3
    SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2 [libx264 @ 026d81c0] profile High, level
    3.1 [libx264 @ 026d81c0] 264 - core 152 r2851 ba24899 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Cop yleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html -
    options : cabac=1 ref=1 deb lock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7
    psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=0 m e_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1
    8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chro ma_qp_offset=-2
    threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1
    interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=0 weightp=0
    keyint=1 ke yint_min=1 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc=abr mbtree=0
    bitrate=4000 ratetol=1.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4
    ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00 Output #0, mp4, to
    ’....\images\c411a991-46f6-400c-8bb0-77af3738559a.mp4’ :
    Stream #0:0 : Video : h264, yuv420p, 700x700, q=2-31, 4000 kb/s, 12 tbn

    [libx264 @ 026d81c0] frame I:9 Avg QP:17.83 size:111058 [libx264
    @ 026d81c0] mb I I16..4 : 1.9% 47.7% 50.5% [libx264 @ 026d81c0] final
    ratefactor : 19.14 [libx264 @ 026d81c0] 8x8 transform intra:47.7%
    [libx264 @ 026d81c0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra : 98.4% 96.9% 89.5%
    [libx264 @ 026d81c0] i16 v,h,dc,p : 64% 6% 2% 28% [libx264 @
    026d81c0] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu : 32% 15% 9% 5% 5% 6% 8%
    10% 10% [libx264 @ 026d81c0] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu : 28% 18%
    7% 6% 8% 8% 8% 9% 8% [libx264 @ 026d81c0] i8c dc,h,v,p : 43% 22%
    25% 10% [libx264 @ 026d81c0] kb/s:10661.53

    Code included below :

    MP4Writer.h

    #ifndef MPEG_WRITER
    #define MPEG_WRITER

    #include <iostream>
    #include <string>
    #include <vector>
    #include
    extern "C" {
       #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
       #include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>
       #include <libswresample></libswresample>swresample.h>
       #include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>
    }

    typedef struct OutputStream
    {
       AVStream *st;
       AVCodecContext *enc;

       //pts of the next frame that will be generated
       int64_t next_pts;
       int samples_count;

       AVFrame *frame;
       AVFrame *tmp_frame;

       float t, tincr, tincr2;

       struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
       struct SwrContext *swr_ctx;
    };

    class MP4Writer {
       public:
           MP4Writer();
           void Init();
           int16_t SetOutput( const std::string &amp; path );
           int16_t AddFrame( uint8_t * imgData );
           int16_t Write( std::vector<imgdata> &amp; imgData );
           int16_t Finalize();
           void SetHeight( const int height ) { _height = _width = height; } //assuming 1:1 aspect ratio

       private:
           int16_t AddStream( OutputStream * ost, AVFormatContext * formatCtx, AVCodec ** codec, enum AVCodecID codecId );
           int16_t OpenVideo( AVFormatContext * formatCtx, AVCodec *codec, OutputStream * ost, AVDictionary * optArg );
           static AVFrame * AllocPicture( enum AVPixelFormat pixFmt, int width, int height );
           static AVFrame * GetVideoFrame( uint8_t * imgData, OutputStream * ost, const int width, const int height );
           static int WriteFrame( AVFormatContext * formatCtx, const AVRational * timeBase, AVStream * stream, AVPacket * packet );

           int _width;
           int _height;
           OutputStream _ost;
           AVFormatContext * _formatCtx;
           AVDictionary * _dict;
    };

    #endif //MPEG_WRITER
    </imgdata></vector></string></iostream>

    MP4Writer.cpp

    #include
    #include <algorithm>

    MP4Writer::MP4Writer()
    {
       _width = 0;
       _height = 0;
    }

    void MP4Writer::Init()
    {
       av_register_all();
    }

    /**
    sets up output stream for the specified path.
    note that the output format is deduced automatically from the file extension passed
    @param path: output file path
    @returns: -1 = output could not be deduced, -2 = invalid codec, -3 = error opening output file,
              -4 = error writing header
    */
    int16_t MP4Writer::SetOutput( const std::string &amp; path )
    {
       int error;
       AVCodec * codec;
       AVOutputFormat * format;

       _ost = OutputStream{}; //TODO reset state in a more focused way?

       //allocate output media context
       avformat_alloc_output_context2( &amp;_formatCtx, NULL, NULL, path.c_str() );
       if ( !_formatCtx ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not deduce output format from file extension.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -1;
       }
       //set format
       format = _formatCtx->oformat;
       if ( format->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE ) {
           AddStream( &amp;_ost, _formatCtx, &amp;codec, format->video_codec );
       }
       else {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "there is no video codec set.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -2;
       }

       OpenVideo( _formatCtx, codec, &amp;_ost, _dict );

       av_dump_format( _formatCtx, 0, path.c_str(), 1 );

       //open output file
       if ( !( format->flags &amp; AVFMT_NOFILE )) {
           error = avio_open( &amp;_formatCtx->pb, path.c_str(), AVIO_FLAG_WRITE );
           if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
               std::cout &lt;&lt; "there was an error opening output file " &lt;&lt; path &lt;&lt; ".  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
               return -3;
           }
       }

       //write header
       error = avformat_write_header( _formatCtx, &amp;_dict );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "an error occurred writing header. aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -4;
       }

       return 0;
    }

    /**
    initialize the output stream
    @param ost: the output stream
    @param formatCtx: the context format
    @param codec: the output codec
    @param codec: the ffmpeg enumerated id of the codec
    @returns: -1 = encoder not found, -2 = stream could not be allocated, -3 = encoding context could not be allocated
    */
    int16_t MP4Writer::AddStream( OutputStream * ost, AVFormatContext * formatCtx, AVCodec ** codec, enum AVCodecID codecId )
    {
       AVCodecContext * ctx; //TODO not sure why this is here, could just set ost->enc directly
       int i;

       //detect the encoder
       *codec = avcodec_find_encoder( codecId );
       if ( (*codec) == NULL ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not find encoder.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -1;
       }

       //allocate stream
       ost->st = avformat_new_stream( formatCtx, NULL );
       if ( ost->st == NULL ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not allocate stream.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -2;
       }

       //allocate encoding context
       ost->st->id = formatCtx->nb_streams - 1;
       ctx = avcodec_alloc_context3( *codec );
       if ( ctx == NULL ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not allocate encoding context.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -3;
       }

       ost->enc = ctx;

       //set context params
       ctx->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
       ctx->bit_rate = 4000 * 1000;
       ctx->width = _width;
       ctx->height = _height;
       ost->st->time_base = AVRational{ 1, 12 };
       ctx->time_base = ost->st->time_base;
       ctx->gop_size = 1;
       ctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;

       //if neccesary, set stream headers and formats separately
       if ( formatCtx->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "setting stream and headers to be separate" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           ctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
       }

       return 0;
    }

    /**
    open the video for writing
    @param formatCtx: the format context
    @param codec: output codec
    @param ost: output stream
    @param optArg: dictionary
    @return: -1 = error opening codec, -2 = allocate new frame, -3 = copy stream params
    */
    int16_t MP4Writer::OpenVideo( AVFormatContext * formatCtx, AVCodec *codec, OutputStream * ost, AVDictionary * optArg )
    {
       int error;
       AVCodecContext * ctx = ost->enc;
       AVDictionary * dict = NULL;
       av_dict_copy( &amp;dict, optArg, 0 );

       //open codec
       error = avcodec_open2( ctx, codec, &amp;dict );
       av_dict_free( &amp;dict );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "there was an error opening the codec.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -1;
       }

       //allocate new frame
       ost->frame = AllocPicture( ctx->pix_fmt, ctx->width, ctx->height );
       if ( ost->frame == NULL ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "there was an error allocating a new frame.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -2;
       }

       //copy steam params
       error = avcodec_parameters_from_context( ost->st->codecpar, ctx );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not copy stream parameters.  aborting" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -3;
       }

       return 0;
    }

    /**
    allocate a new frame
    @param pixFmt: ffmpeg enumerated pixel format
    @param width: output width
    @param height: output height
    @returns: an inititalized frame
    */
    AVFrame * MP4Writer::AllocPicture( enum AVPixelFormat pixFmt, int width, int height )
    {
       AVFrame * picture;
       int error;

       //allocate the frame
       picture = av_frame_alloc();
       if ( picture == NULL ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "there was an error allocating the picture" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return NULL;
       }

       picture->format = pixFmt;
       picture->width = width;
       picture->height = height;

       //allocate the frame's data buffer
       error = av_frame_get_buffer( picture, 32 );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not allocate frame data" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return NULL;
       }
       picture->pts = 0;
       return picture;
    }

    /**
    convert raw RGB buffer to YUV frame
    @return: frame that contains image data
    */
    AVFrame * MP4Writer::GetVideoFrame( uint8_t * imgData, OutputStream * ost, const int width, const int height )
    {
       int error;
       AVCodecContext * ctx = ost->enc;

       //prepare the frame
       error = av_frame_make_writable( ost->frame );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "could not make frame writeable" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return NULL;
       }

       //TODO set this context one time per run, or even better, one time at init
       //convert RGB to YUV
       struct SwsContext* fooContext = sws_getContext( width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_BGR24,
           width, height, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, SWS_BICUBIC, NULL, NULL, NULL );
       int inLinesize[1] = { 3 * width }; // RGB stride
       uint8_t * inData[1] = { imgData };
       int sliceHeight = sws_scale( fooContext, inData, inLinesize, 0, height, ost->frame->data, ost->frame->linesize );
       sws_freeContext( fooContext );

       ost->frame->pts = ost->next_pts++;
       //TODO does the frame need to be returned here as it is available at the class level?
       return ost->frame;
    }

    /**
    write frame to file
    @param formatCtx: the output format context
    @param timeBase: the framerate
    @param stream: output stream
    @param packet: data packet
    @returns: see return values for av_interleaved_write_frame
    */
    int MP4Writer::WriteFrame( AVFormatContext * formatCtx, const AVRational * timeBase, AVStream * stream, AVPacket * packet )
    {
       av_packet_rescale_ts( packet, *timeBase, stream->time_base );
       packet->stream_index = stream->index;

       //write compressed file to media file
       return av_interleaved_write_frame( formatCtx, packet );
    }

    int16_t MP4Writer::Write( std::vector<imgdata> &amp; imgData )
    {
       int16_t errorCount = 0;
       int16_t retVal = 0;
       bool countingUp = true;
       size_t i = 0;
       while ( true ) {
           //don't show first frame again when counting back down
           if ( !countingUp &amp;&amp; i == 0 ) {
               break;
           }
           uint8_t * pixels = imgData[i].GetBits( imgData[i].mp4Input );
           AddFrame( pixels );

           //handle inc/dec without repeating last frame
           if ( countingUp ) {
               if ( i == imgData.size() -1 ) {
                   countingUp = false;
                   i--;
               }
               else {
                   i++;
               }
           }
           else {
               i--;
           }
       }
       Finalize();
       return 0; //TODO return error code
    }

    /**
    add another frame to output video
    @param imgData: the raw image data
    @returns -1 = error encoding video frame, -2 = error writing frame
    */
    int16_t MP4Writer::AddFrame( uint8_t * imgData )
    {
       int error;
       AVCodecContext * ctx;
       AVFrame * frame;
       int gotPacket = 0;
       AVPacket pkt = { 0 };

       ctx = _ost.enc;
       av_init_packet( &amp;pkt );

       frame = GetVideoFrame( imgData, &amp;_ost, _width, _height );

       //encode the image
       error = avcodec_encode_video2( ctx, &amp;pkt, frame, &amp;gotPacket );
       if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
           std::cout &lt;&lt; "there was an error encoding the video frame" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
           return -1;
       }

       //write the frame.  NOTE: this doesn't kick in until the encoder has received a certain number of frames
       if ( gotPacket ) {
           error = WriteFrame( _formatCtx, &amp;ctx->time_base, _ost.st, &amp;pkt );
           if ( error &lt; 0 ) {
               std::cout &lt;&lt; "the video frame could not be written" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
               return -2;
           }
       }
       return 0;
    }

    /**
    finalize output video and cleanup
    */
    int16_t MP4Writer::Finalize()
    {
       av_write_trailer( _formatCtx );
       avcodec_free_context( &amp;_ost.enc );
       av_frame_free( &amp;_ost.frame);
       av_frame_free( &amp;_ost.tmp_frame );
       avio_closep( &amp;_formatCtx->pb );
       avformat_free_context( _formatCtx );
       sws_freeContext( _ost.sws_ctx );
       swr_free( &amp;_ost.swr_ctx);
       return 0;
    }
    </imgdata></algorithm>

    usage

    #include
    #include
    #include <vector>

    struct ImgData
    {
       unsigned int width;
       unsigned int height;
       std::string path;
       FIBITMAP * mp4Input;

       uint8_t * GetBits( FIBITMAP * bmp ) { return FreeImage_GetBits( bmp ); }
    };

    int main()
    {
        std::vector<imgdata> imgDataVec;
        //load images and push to imgDataVec
        MP4Writer mp4Writer;
        mp4Writer.SetHeight( 1200 ); //assumes 1:1 aspect ratio
        mp4Writer.Init();
        mp4Writer.SetOutput( "test.mp4" );
        mp4Writer.Write( imgDataVec );
    }
    </imgdata></vector>
  • Could not find tag for codec h264 in stream #0 (mp4)

    18 août 2019, par TabsNotSpaces

    I’ve been using the sickbeard_mp4_converter for a while to convert video files to mp4 by generating a script for ffmpeg. I’m not sure what I changed, but the ffmpeg script it generates no longer works and I’m having trouble debugging it. Can anyone tell from my log what the issue is ? Yes, its supposed to be an mp4 to an mp4, which is typically fine.

    I’m at the point where I’m using an mp4 that worked with the same autogenerated script yesterday but it no longer is. I remember updating ffmpeg but downgrading did not resolve the issue, though I may have not downgraded enough.

    ffmpeg 4.1.4

    MediaInfo output :

    $ mediainfo --fullscan Downloads/Dallas\ Buyers\ Club\ \(2013\).mp4.original
    General
    Count                                    : 334
    Count of stream of this kind             : 1
    Kind of stream                           : General
    Kind of stream                           : General
    Stream identifier                        : 0
    Count of video streams                   : 1
    Count of audio streams                   : 1
    Video_Format_List                        : AVC
    Video_Format_WithHint_List               : AVC
    Codecs Video                             : AVC
    Audio_Format_List                        : AAC LC
    Audio_Format_WithHint_List               : AAC LC
    Audio codecs                             : AAC LC
    Audio_Language_List                      : English
    Complete name                            : Downloads/Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4.original
    Folder name                              : Downloads
    File name extension                      : Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4.original
    File name                                : Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4
    File extension                           : original
    Format                                   : MPEG-4
    Format                                   : MPEG-4
    Format/Extensions usually used           : braw mov mp4 m4v m4a m4b m4p m4r 3ga 3gpa 3gpp 3gp 3gpp2 3g2 k3g jpm jpx mqv ismv isma ismt f4a f4b f4v
    Commercial name                          : MPEG-4
    Format profile                           : Base Media
    Internet media type                      : video/mp4
    Codec ID                                 : isom
    Codec ID                                 : isom (isom/avc1)
    Codec ID/Url                             : http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/standalone.html
    CodecID_Compatible                       : isom/avc1
    File size                                : 1987698473
    File size                                : 1.85 GiB
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    Movie name                               : Dallas Buyers Club
    Director                                 : Jean-Marc Valle
    Actor                                    : Matthew McConaughey / Jennifer Garner / Jared Leto / Denis O'Hare / Steve Zahn
    Screenplay by                            : Craig Borten / Melisa Wallack
    Producer                                 : Robbie Brenner / Rachel Winter / Kerry Barden / Rich Delia / Paul Schnee
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    Description                              : Sometimes it takes a hustler to change the world
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    Encoded date                             : UTC 2014-01-24 08:11:15
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    Writing application                      : MDH:Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4
    Writing application                      : MDH:Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4
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    LongDescription                          : Loosely based on the true-life tale of Ron Woodroof, a drug-taking, women-loving, homophobic man who in 1986 was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and given thirty days to live.
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    Encoded date                             : UTC 2014-01-24 08:11:37
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    Log :

    $ /usr/local/bin/ffmpeg -i "/Users/Me/Downloads/Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4.original" -vcodec libx264 -map 0:0 -vb 2063k -c:a:0 copy -map 0:2 -metadata:s:a:0 language=eng -disposition:a:0 default -f mp4 -threads 0 -y "/Users/Me/Downloads/Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4"
    ffmpeg version 4.1.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers
     built with Apple LLVM version 10.0.1 (clang-1001.0.46.4)
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     libavutil      56. 22.100 / 56. 22.100
     libavcodec     58. 35.100 / 58. 35.100
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    [mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 0x7fc38e801400] stream 0, timescale not set
    Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from '/Users/Me/Downloads/Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4.original':
     Metadata:
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       minor_version   : 1
       compatible_brands: isomavc1
       title           : Dallas Buyers Club
       genre           : Drama
       date            : 2013-11-17
       encoder         : MDH:Dallas Buyers Club (2013).mp4
       media_type      : 9
       hd_video        : 2
       description     : Sometimes it takes a hustler to change the world
       synopsis        : Loosely based on the true-life tale of Ron Woodroof, a drug-taking, women-loving, homophobic man who in 1986 was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and given thirty days to live.
       creation_time   : 2014-01-24T08:11:15.000000Z
     Duration: 01:56:57.02, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 2266 kb/s
       Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg, yuvj420p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 500x750 [SAR 1:1 DAR 2:3], 90k tbr, 90k tbn, 90k tbc
       Stream #0:1(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709/bt709/unknown), 1920x800, 2168 kb/s, 23.98 fps, 23.98 tbr, 24k tbn, 47.95 tbc (default)
       Metadata:
         creation_time   : 2014-01-24T08:11:15.000000Z
         handler_name    : video.264#trackID=1:fps=23.976 - Imported with GPAC 0.5.0-rev
       Stream #0:2(eng): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 93 kb/s (default)
       Metadata:
         creation_time   : 2014-01-24T08:11:37.000000Z
         handler_name    : GPAC ISO Audio Handler
    Stream mapping:
     Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg (native) -> h264 (libx264))
     Stream #0:2 -> #0:1 (copy)
    Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
    [mp4 @ 0x7fc38e811000] Frame rate very high for a muxer not efficiently supporting it.
    Please consider specifying a lower framerate, a different muxer or -vsync 2
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] using SAR=1/1
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] MB rate (135360000) > level limit (16711680)
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] profile High, level 6.2
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] 264 - core 155 r2917 0a84d98 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2018 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=12 lookahead_threads=2 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=abr mbtree=1 bitrate=2063 ratetol=1.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
    [mp4 @ 0x7fc38e811000] Could not find tag for codec h264 in stream #0, codec not currently supported in container
    Could not write header for output file #0 (incorrect codec parameters ?): Invalid argument
    Error initializing output stream 0:0 --
    [libx264 @ 0x7fc38e823e00] final ratefactor: 89.20
    Conversion failed!
  • My journey to Coviu

    27 octobre 2015, par silvia

    My new startup just released our MVP – this is the story of what got me here.

    I love creating new applications that let people do their work better or in a manner that wasn’t possible before.

    German building and loan socityMy first such passion was as a student intern when I built a system for a building and loan association’s monthly customer magazine. The group I worked with was managing their advertiser contacts through a set of paper cards and I wrote a dBase based system (yes, that long ago) that would manage their customer relationships. They loved it – until it got replaced by an SAP system that cost 100 times what I cost them, had really poor UX, and only gave them half the functionality. It was a corporate system with ongoing support, which made all the difference to them.

    Dr Scholz und Partner GmbHThe story repeated itself with a CRM for my Uncle’s construction company, and with a resume and quotation management system for Accenture right after Uni, both of which I left behind when I decided to go into research.

    Even as a PhD student, I never lost sight of challenges that people were facing and wanted to develop technology to overcome problems. The aim of my PhD thesis was to prepare for the oncoming onslaught of audio and video on the Internet (yes, this was 1994 !) by developing algorithms to automatically extract and locate information in such files, which would enable users to structure, index and search such content.

    Many of the use cases that we explored are now part of products or continue to be challenges : finding music that matches your preferences, identifying music or video pieces e.g. to count ads on the radio or to mark copyright infringement, or the automated creation of video summaries such as trailers.

    CSIRO

    This continued when I joined the CSIRO in Australia – I was working on segmenting speech into words or talk spurts since that would simplify captioning & subtitling, and on MPEG-7 which was a (slightly over-engineered) standard to structure metadata about audio and video.

    In 2001 I had the idea of replicating the Web for videos : i.e. creating hyperlinked and searchable video-only experiences. We called it “Annodex” for annotated and indexed video and it needed full-screen hyperlinked video in browsers – man were we ahead of our time ! It was my first step into standards, got several IETF RFCs to my name, and started my involvement with open codecs through Xiph.

    vquence logoAround the time that YouTube was founded in 2006, I founded Vquence – originally a video search company for the Web, but pivoted to a video metadata mining company. Vquence still exists and continues to sell its data to channel partners, but it lacks the user impact that has always driven my work.

    As the video element started being developed for HTML5, I had to get involved. I contributed many use cases to the W3C, became a co-editor of the HTML5 spec and focused on video captioning with WebVTT while contracting to Mozilla and later to Google. We made huge progress and today the technology exists to publish video on the Web with captions, making the Web more inclusive for everybody. I contributed code to YouTube and Google Chrome, but was keen to make a bigger impact again.

    NICTA logoThe opportunity came when a couple of former CSIRO colleagues who now worked for NICTA approached me to get me interested in addressing new use cases for video conferencing in the context of WebRTC. We worked on a kiosk-style solution to service delivery for large service organisations, particularly targeting government. The emerging WebRTC standard posed many technical challenges that we addressed by building rtc.io , by contributing to the standards, and registering bugs on the browsers.

    Fast-forward through the development of a few further custom solutions for customers in health and education and we are starting to see patterns of need emerge. The core learning that we’ve come away with is that to get things done, you have to go beyond “talking heads” in a video call. It’s not just about seeing the other person, but much more about having a shared view of the things that need to be worked on and a shared way of interacting with them. Also, we learnt that the things that are being worked on are quite varied and may include multiple input cameras, digital documents, Web pages, applications, device data, controls, forms.

    Coviu logoSo we set out to build a solution that would enable productive remote collaboration to take place. It would need to provide an excellent user experience, it would need to be simple to work with, provide for the standard use cases out of the box, yet be architected to be extensible for specialised data sharing needs that we knew some of our customers had. It would need to be usable directly on Coviu.com, but also able to integrate with specialised applications that some of our customers were already using, such as the applications that they spend most of their time in (CRMs, practice management systems, learning management systems, team chat systems). It would need to require our customers to sign up, yet their clients to join a call without sign-up.

    Collaboration is a big problem. People are continuing to get more comfortable with technology and are less and less inclined to travel distances just to get a service done. In a country as large as Australia, where 12% of the population lives in rural and remote areas, people may not even be able to travel distances, particularly to receive or provide recurring or specialised services, or to achieve work/life balance. To make the world a global village, we need to be able to work together better remotely.

    The need for collaboration is being recognised by specialised Web applications already, such as the LiveShare feature of Invision for Designers, Codassium for pair programming, or the recently announced Dropbox Paper. Few go all the way to video – WebRTC is still regarded as a complicated feature to support.

    Coviu in action

    With Coviu, we’d like to offer a collaboration feature to every Web app. We now have a Web app that provides a modern and beautifully designed collaboration interface. To enable other Web apps to integrate it, we are now developing an API. Integration may entail customisation of the data sharing part of Coviu – something Coviu has been designed for. How to replicate the data and keep it consistent when people collaborate remotely – that is where Coviu makes a difference.

    We have started our journey and have just launched free signup to the Coviu base product, which allows individuals to own their own “room” (i.e. a fixed URL) in which to collaborate with others. A huge shout out goes to everyone in the Coviu team – a pretty amazing group of people – who have turned the app from an idea to reality. You are all awesome !

    With Coviu you can share and annotate :

    • images (show your mum photos of your last holidays, or get feedback on an architecture diagram from a customer),
    • pdf files (give a presentation remotely, or walk a customer through a contract),
    • whiteboards (brainstorm with a colleague), and
    • share an application window (watch a YouTube video together, or work through your task list with your colleagues).

    All of these are regarded as “shared documents” in Coviu and thus have zooming and annotations features and are listed in a document tray for ease of navigation.

    This is just the beginning of how we want to make working together online more productive. Give it a go and let us know what you think.

    http://coviu.com/