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• Converting DVD image with subtitles to MKV using avconv

  16 janvier 2016, par Carlos Eugenio Thompson Pinzón

  This is the procedure I know to convert a DVD image to another videoformat (v.g. MP4) :

  1. concatenate the VTS_01_n.VOB files inside VIDEO_TS folder (for n >= 0) into a single VOB file.
  2. use avconv or ffmpeg in order to convert that VOB into another format.

  So far so good, however now I want to convert the DVD image with the subtitles. As far as I know the MKV format supports subtitles, so it seems an obvious choice. Alternatively I might use any other format with hard subtitles (subtitles as part of the video image).

  However, the subtitle encoding in the DVD image is dvdsub and I get the following error

  Only SUBTITLE_ASS type supported.
  
  Subtitle encoding failed

  However, when running avconv -codecs I get :

  ...
  
   DES    dvdsub          DVD subtitles
  
  ...

  And the -c:s copy switch, while it prevents the command to fail, it does not seem to produce a subtitle that the player can understand.

  So, how can I create ass subtitles from dvdsub using avconv ?

  My VOB file has eight subtitle channels and two audio channels. The Ubuntu video app does not show any subtitles, and only the first audio channel seems to be working, do the DVD image might be broken.

  Another file, for a double-layer DVD, displays the Subtitle encoding error, however when using the -c:s copy switch it further displays :

  Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 2: 49 >= 49
  
  av_interleaved_write_frame(): Invalid argument

  Thank you in advance for any ideas on how to solve these problems.

  (I am using Ubuntu where ffmpeg is an alias for avconv. I know it is possible to install the real ffmpeg but so far I have not done so.)

  ---

  update : commands and console outputs :

  commands

  cat VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB VTS_01_5.VOB > ~/temp/mymovie.VOB
  
  cd ~/temp
  
  avconv -i mymovie.VOB

  output

  avconv version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-1ubuntu2, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  
    built on Mar 30 2013 22:20:06 with gcc 4.7.2
  
  [mpeg @ 0x1a64d40] max_analyze_duration reached
  
  Input #0, mpeg, from 'mymovie.VOB':
  
    Duration: 00:00:01.95, start: 0.280633, bitrate: -2147483 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.0[0x1e0]: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 7500 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1[0x20]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.2[0x21]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.3[0x22]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.4[0x23]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.5[0x24]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.6[0x25]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.7[0x26]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.8[0x27]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.9[0x80]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.10[0x81]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
  At least one output file must be specified

  command

  avconv -i mymovie.VOB mymovie.mkv

  output

  avconv version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-1ubuntu2, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  
    built on Mar 30 2013 22:20:06 with gcc 4.7.2
  
  [mpeg @ 0x1cdad40] max_analyze_duration reached
  
  Input #0, mpeg, from 'mymovie.VOB':
  
    Duration: 00:00:01.95, start: 0.280633, bitrate: -2147483 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.0[0x1e0]: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 7500 kb/s, 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1[0x20]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.2[0x21]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.3[0x22]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.4[0x23]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.5[0x24]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.6[0x25]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.7[0x26]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.8[0x27]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.9[0x80]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.10[0x81]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
  File 'mymovie.mkv' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
  
  [buffer @ 0x1ce23c0] w:720 h:480 pixfmt:yuv420p
  
  Output #0, matroska, to 'mymovie.mkv':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf53.21.1
  
      Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 1k tbn, 29.97 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1: Audio: libvorbis, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16
  
      Stream #0.2: Subtitle: ass, 200 kb/s
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mpeg2video -> mpeg4)
  
    Stream #0:9 -> #0:1 (ac3 -> libvorbis)
  
    Stream #0:1 -> #0:2 (dvdsub -> ass)
  
  Press ctrl-c to stop encoding
  
  [ass @ 0x1ce0140] Only SUBTITLE_ASS type supported.
  
  Subtitle encoding failed

  command

  avconv -i mymovie.VOB -c:s copy mymovie.mkv

  output omitted.

  command

  avconv -i mymovie.mkv

  output

  avconv version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-1ubuntu2, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  
    built on Mar 30 2013 22:20:06 with gcc 4.7.2
  
  [matroska,webm @ 0xbc1d40] Estimating duration from bitrate, this may be inaccurate
  
  Input #0, matroska,webm, from 'mymovie.mkv':
  
    Metadata:
  
      ENCODER         : Lavf53.21.1
  
    Duration: 01:05:09.47, start: 0.000000, bitrate: N/A
  
      Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4 (Simple Profile), yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 29.97 fps, 29.97 tbr, 1k tbn, 30k tbc (default)
  
      Stream #0.1: Audio: vorbis, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16 (default)
  
      Stream #0.2: Subtitle: dvdsub (default)
  
  At least one output file must be specified

  Now, for the double-layer :
  commands

  cat VTS_01_1.VOB VTS_01_2.VOB VTS_01_3.VOB VTS_01_4.VOB VTS_01_5.VOB VTS_01_6.VOB VTS_01_7.VOB VTS_01_8.VOB > ~/temp/mylongmovie.VOB
  
  cd ~/temp
  
  avconv -i mylongmovie.VOB mylongmovie.mkv

  output

  avconv version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-1ubuntu2, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  
    built on Mar 30 2013 22:20:06 with gcc 4.7.2
  
  [mpeg @ 0x13c2d40] max_analyze_duration reached
  
  Input #0, mpeg, from 'Cosmos-0203.VOB':
  
    Duration: 00:00:30.24, start: 0.280633, bitrate: 2103365 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.0[0x1e0]: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 8000 kb/s, 27.46 fps, 59.94 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1[0x20]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.2[0x21]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.3[0x22]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.4[0x23]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.5[0x24]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.6[0x25]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.7[0x26]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.8[0x27]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.9[0x81]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.10[0x80]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
  File 'mylongmovie.mkv' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
  
  [buffer @ 0x13ca3c0] w:720 h:480 pixfmt:yuv420p
  
  Output #0, matroska, to 'mylongmovie.mkv':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf53.21.1
  
      Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 1k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1: Audio: libvorbis, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16
  
      Stream #0.2: Subtitle: ass, 200 kb/s
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mpeg2video -> mpeg4)
  
    Stream #0:9 -> #0:1 (ac3 -> libvorbis)
  
    Stream #0:1 -> #0:2 (dvdsub -> ass)
  
  Press ctrl-c to stop encoding
  
  [ass @ 0x13d19c0] Only SUBTITLE_ASS type supported.
  
  Subtitle encoding failed

  command

  avconv -i mylongmovie.VOB -c:s copy mylongmovie.mkv 

  output

  avconv version 0.8.6-6:0.8.6-1ubuntu2, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  
    built on Mar 30 2013 22:20:06 with gcc 4.7.2
  
  [mpeg @ 0xce1d40] max_analyze_duration reached
  
  Input #0, mpeg, from 'mylongmovie.VOB':
  
    Duration: 00:00:30.24, start: 0.280633, bitrate: 2103365 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.0[0x1e0]: Video: mpeg2video (Main), yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], 8000 kb/s, 27.46 fps, 59.94 tbr, 90k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1[0x20]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.2[0x21]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.3[0x22]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.4[0x23]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.5[0x24]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.6[0x25]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.7[0x26]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.8[0x27]: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
      Stream #0.9[0x81]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
      Stream #0.10[0x80]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
  
  File 'mylongmovie.mkv' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
  
  [buffer @ 0xce93c0] w:720 h:480 pixfmt:yuv420p
  
  Output #0, matroska, to 'mylongmovie.mkv':
  
    Metadata:
  
      encoder         : Lavf53.21.1
  
      Stream #0.0: Video: mpeg4, yuv420p, 720x480 [PAR 8:9 DAR 4:3], q=2-31, 200 kb/s, 1k tbn, 59.94 tbc
  
      Stream #0.1: Audio: libvorbis, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16
  
      Stream #0.2: Subtitle: dvdsub
  
  Stream mapping:
  
    Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mpeg2video -> mpeg4)
  
    Stream #0:9 -> #0:1 (ac3 -> libvorbis)
  
    Stream #0:1 -> #0:2 (copy)
  
  Press ctrl-c to stop encoding
  
  [matroska @ 0xce4b40] Application provided invalid, non monotonically increasing dts to muxer in stream 2: 49 >= 49
  
  av_interleaved_write_frame(): Invalid argument

• Trouble syncing libavformat/ffmpeg with x264 and RTP

  26 décembre 2012, par Jacob Peddicord

  I've been working on some streaming software that takes live feeds
  from various kinds of cameras and streams over the network using
  H.264. To accomplish this, I'm using the x264 encoder directly (with
  the "zerolatency" preset) and feeding NALs as they are available to
  libavformat to pack into RTP (ultimately RTSP). Ideally, this
  application should be as real-time as possible. For the most part,
  this has been working well.

  Unfortunately, however, there is some sort of synchronization issue :
  any video playback on clients seems to show a few smooth frames,
  followed by a short pause, then more frames ; repeat. Additionally,
  there appears to be approximately a 4-second delay. This happens with
  every video player I've tried : Totem, VLC, and basic gstreamer pipes.

  I've boiled it all down to a somewhat small test case :

  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include 
  
  #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
  
  #include <libswscale></libswscale>swscale.h>
  
  
  
  #define WIDTH       640
  
  #define HEIGHT      480
  
  #define FPS         30
  
  #define BITRATE     400000
  
  #define RTP_ADDRESS "127.0.0.1"
  
  #define RTP_PORT    49990
  
  
  
  struct AVFormatContext* avctx;
  
  struct x264_t* encoder;
  
  struct SwsContext* imgctx;
  
  
  
  uint8_t test = 0x80;
  
  
  
  
  
  void create_sample_picture(x264_picture_t* picture)
  
  {
  
      // create a frame to store in
  
      x264_picture_alloc(picture, X264_CSP_I420, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
  
  
  
      // fake image generation
  
      // disregard how wrong this is; just writing a quick test
  
      int strides = WIDTH / 8;
  
      uint8_t* data = malloc(WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3);
  
      memset(data, test, WIDTH * HEIGHT * 3);
  
      test = (test &lt;&lt; 1) | (test >> (8 - 1));
  
  
  
      // scale the image
  
      sws_scale(imgctx, (const uint8_t* const*) &amp;data, &amp;strides, 0, HEIGHT,
  
                picture->img.plane, picture->img.i_stride);
  
  }
  
  
  
  int encode_frame(x264_picture_t* picture, x264_nal_t** nals)
  
  {
  
      // encode a frame
  
      x264_picture_t pic_out;
  
      int num_nals;
  
      int frame_size = x264_encoder_encode(encoder, nals, &amp;num_nals, picture, &amp;pic_out);
  
  
  
      // ignore bad frames
  
      if (frame_size &lt; 0)
  
      {
  
          return frame_size;
  
      }
  
  
  
      return num_nals;
  
  }
  
  
  
  void stream_frame(uint8_t* payload, int size)
  
  {
  
      // initalize a packet
  
      AVPacket p;
  
      av_init_packet(&amp;p);
  
      p.data = payload;
  
      p.size = size;
  
      p.stream_index = 0;
  
      p.flags = AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
  
      p.pts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
  
      p.dts = AV_NOPTS_VALUE;
  
  
  
      // send it out
  
      av_interleaved_write_frame(avctx, &amp;p);
  
  }
  
  
  
  int main(int argc, char* argv[])
  
  {
  
      // initalize ffmpeg
  
      av_register_all();
  
  
  
      // set up image scaler
  
      // (in-width, in-height, in-format, out-width, out-height, out-format, scaling-method, 0, 0, 0)
  
      imgctx = sws_getContext(WIDTH, HEIGHT, PIX_FMT_MONOWHITE,
  
                              WIDTH, HEIGHT, PIX_FMT_YUV420P,
  
                              SWS_FAST_BILINEAR, NULL, NULL, NULL);
  
  
  
      // set up encoder presets
  
      x264_param_t param;
  
      x264_param_default_preset(&amp;param, "ultrafast", "zerolatency");
  
  
  
      param.i_threads = 3;
  
      param.i_width = WIDTH;
  
      param.i_height = HEIGHT;
  
      param.i_fps_num = FPS;
  
      param.i_fps_den = 1;
  
      param.i_keyint_max = FPS;
  
      param.b_intra_refresh = 0;
  
      param.rc.i_bitrate = BITRATE;
  
      param.b_repeat_headers = 1; // whether to repeat headers or write just once
  
      param.b_annexb = 1;         // place start codes (1) or sizes (0)
  
  
  
      // initalize
  
      x264_param_apply_profile(&amp;param, "high");
  
      encoder = x264_encoder_open(&amp;param);
  
  
  
      // at this point, x264_encoder_headers can be used, but it has had no effect
  
  
  
      // set up streaming context. a lot of error handling has been ommitted
  
      // for brevity, but this should be pretty standard.
  
      avctx = avformat_alloc_context();
  
      struct AVOutputFormat* fmt = av_guess_format("rtp", NULL, NULL);
  
      avctx->oformat = fmt;
  
  
  
      snprintf(avctx->filename, sizeof(avctx->filename), "rtp://%s:%d", RTP_ADDRESS, RTP_PORT);
  
      if (url_fopen(&amp;avctx->pb, avctx->filename, URL_WRONLY) &lt; 0)
  
      {
  
          perror("url_fopen failed");
  
          return 1;
  
      }
  
      struct AVStream* stream = av_new_stream(avctx, 1);
  
  
  
      // initalize codec
  
      AVCodecContext* c = stream->codec;
  
      c->codec_id = CODEC_ID_H264;
  
      c->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
  
      c->flags = CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
  
      c->width = WIDTH;
  
      c->height = HEIGHT;
  
      c->time_base.den = FPS;
  
      c->time_base.num = 1;
  
      c->gop_size = FPS;
  
      c->bit_rate = BITRATE;
  
      avctx->flags = AVFMT_FLAG_RTP_HINT;
  
  
  
      // write the header
  
      av_write_header(avctx);
  
  
  
      // make some frames
  
      for (int frame = 0; frame &lt; 10000; frame++)
  
      {
  
          // create a sample moving frame
  
          x264_picture_t* pic = (x264_picture_t*) malloc(sizeof(x264_picture_t));
  
          create_sample_picture(pic);
  
  
  
          // encode the frame
  
          x264_nal_t* nals;
  
          int num_nals = encode_frame(pic, &amp;nals);
  
  
  
          if (num_nals &lt; 0)
  
              printf("invalid frame size: %d\n", num_nals);
  
  
  
          // send out NALs
  
          for (int i = 0; i &lt; num_nals; i++)
  
          {
  
              stream_frame(nals[i].p_payload, nals[i].i_payload);
  
          }
  
  
  
          // free up resources
  
          x264_picture_clean(pic);
  
          free(pic);
  
  
  
          // stream at approx 30 fps
  
          printf("frame %d\n", frame);
  
          usleep(33333);
  
      }
  
  
  
      return 0;
  
  }

  This test shows black lines on a white background that
  should move smoothly to the left. It has been written for ffmpeg 0.6.5
  but the problem can be reproduced on 0.8 and 0.10 (from what I've tested so far). I've taken some shortcuts in error handling to make this example as short as
  possible while still showing the problem, so please excuse some of the
  nasty code. I should also note that while an SDP is not used here, I
  have tried using that already with similar results. The test can be
  compiled with :

  gcc -g -std=gnu99 streamtest.c -lswscale -lavformat -lx264 -lm -lpthread -o streamtest

  It can be played with gtreamer directly :

  gst-launch udpsrc port=49990 ! application/x-rtp,payload=96,clock-rate=90000 ! rtph264depay ! decodebin ! xvimagesink

  You should immediately notice the stuttering. One common "fix" I've
  seen all over the Internet is to add sync=false to the pipeline :

  gst-launch udpsrc port=49990 ! application/x-rtp,payload=96,clock-rate=90000 ! rtph264depay ! decodebin ! xvimagesink sync=false

  This causes playback to be smooth (and near-realtime), but is a
  non-solution and only works with gstreamer. I'd like to fix the
  problem at the source. I've been able to stream with near-identical
  parameters using raw ffmpeg and haven't had any issues :

  ffmpeg -re -i sample.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -vpre ultrafast -vpre baseline -b 400000 -an -f rtp rtp://127.0.0.1:49990 -an

  So clearly I'm doing something wrong. But what is it ?

• ffmpeg-Create the video slideshow with effect ? [on hold]

  1er octobre 2013, par Lily Shukla

  I want to make video slide show with image using the ffmpeg.
  i try the code

  Using a single image as an input

  If you want to create a video out of just one image, this will do (output video duration is set to 30 seconds with -t 30) :

  ffmpeg -loop 1 -i img.png -c:v libx264 -t 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p out.mp4

  but sir it only showing the picture without any effect.
  i want to add effect like we see in power point.
  plz sie how to do it
  ffmpeg-Create the video slideshow with effect ???