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  • How to fix a segmentaion fault in a C program ? [closed]

    13 janvier 2012, par ipegasus

    Possible Duplicate :
    Segmentation fault

    Currently I am upgrading an open source program used for HTTP streaming. It needs to support the latest FFMPEG.
    The code compiles fine with no warnings although I am getting a segmentation fault error.
    I would like to know how to fix the issue ? and / or the best way to debug ? Please find attached a portion of the code due to size. I will try to add the project to github :) Thanks in advance !

    Sample Usage

    # segmenter --i out.ts --l 10 --o stream.m3u8 --d segments --f stream

    Makefile

    FFLIBS=`pkg-config --libs libavformat libavcodec libavutil`
    FFFLAGS=`pkg-config --cflags libavformat libavcodec libavutil`

    all:
       gcc -Wall -g segmenter.c -o segmenter ${FFFLAGS} ${FFLIBS}

    segmenter.c

    /*
    * Copyright (c) 2009 Chase Douglas
    *
    * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
    * as published by the Free Software Foundation.
    *
    * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    * GNU General Public License for more details.
    *
    * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
    */
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include
    #include "libavformat/avformat.h"

    #include "libavformat/avio.h"

    #include <sys></sys>stat.h>

    #include "segmenter.h"
    #include "libavformat/avformat.h"

    #define IMAGE_ID3_SIZE 9171

    void printUsage() {
       fprintf(stderr, "\nExample: segmenter --i infile --d baseDir --f baseFileName --o playListFile.m3u8 --l 10 \n");
       fprintf(stderr, "\nOptions: \n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--i <infile>.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--o <outfile>.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--d basedir, the base directory for files.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--f baseFileName, output files will be baseFileName-#.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--l segment length, the length of each segment.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--a,  audio only decode for &lt; 64k streams.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--v,  video only decode for &lt; 64k streams.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "--version, print version details and exit.\n");
       fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
    }

    void ffmpeg_version() {
       // output build and version numbers
       fprintf(stderr, "  libavutil version:   %s\n", AV_STRINGIFY(LIBAVUTIL_VERSION));
       fprintf(stderr, "  libavutil build:     %d\n", LIBAVUTIL_BUILD);
       fprintf(stderr, "  libavcodec version:  %s\n", AV_STRINGIFY(LIBAVCODEC_VERSION));
       fprintf(stdout, "  libavcodec build:    %d\n", LIBAVCODEC_BUILD);
       fprintf(stderr, "  libavformat version: %s\n", AV_STRINGIFY(LIBAVFORMAT_VERSION));
       fprintf(stderr, "  libavformat build:   %d\n", LIBAVFORMAT_BUILD);
       fprintf(stderr, "  built on " __DATE__ " " __TIME__);
    #ifdef __GNUC__
       fprintf(stderr, ", gcc: " __VERSION__ "\n");
    #else
       fprintf(stderr, ", using a non-gcc compiler\n");
    #endif
    }


    static AVStream *add_output_stream(AVFormatContext *output_format_context, AVStream *input_stream) {
       AVCodecContext *input_codec_context;
       AVCodecContext *output_codec_context;
       AVStream *output_stream;

       output_stream = avformat_new_stream(output_format_context, 0);
       if (!output_stream) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Segmenter error: Could not allocate stream\n");
           exit(1);
       }

       input_codec_context = input_stream->codec;
       output_codec_context = output_stream->codec;

       output_codec_context->codec_id = input_codec_context->codec_id;
       output_codec_context->codec_type = input_codec_context->codec_type;
       output_codec_context->codec_tag = input_codec_context->codec_tag;
       output_codec_context->bit_rate = input_codec_context->bit_rate;
       output_codec_context->extradata = input_codec_context->extradata;
       output_codec_context->extradata_size = input_codec_context->extradata_size;

       if (av_q2d(input_codec_context->time_base) * input_codec_context->ticks_per_frame > av_q2d(input_stream->time_base) &amp;&amp; av_q2d(input_stream->time_base) &lt; 1.0 / 1000) {
           output_codec_context->time_base = input_codec_context->time_base;
           output_codec_context->time_base.num *= input_codec_context->ticks_per_frame;
       } else {
           output_codec_context->time_base = input_stream->time_base;
       }

       switch (input_codec_context->codec_type) {
    #ifdef USE_OLD_FFMPEG
           case CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO:
    #else
           case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
    #endif
               output_codec_context->channel_layout = input_codec_context->channel_layout;
               output_codec_context->sample_rate = input_codec_context->sample_rate;
               output_codec_context->channels = input_codec_context->channels;
               output_codec_context->frame_size = input_codec_context->frame_size;
               if ((input_codec_context->block_align == 1 &amp;&amp; input_codec_context->codec_id == CODEC_ID_MP3) || input_codec_context->codec_id == CODEC_ID_AC3) {
                   output_codec_context->block_align = 0;
               } else {
                   output_codec_context->block_align = input_codec_context->block_align;
               }
               break;
    #ifdef USE_OLD_FFMPEG
           case CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO:
    #else
           case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
    #endif
               output_codec_context->pix_fmt = input_codec_context->pix_fmt;
               output_codec_context->width = input_codec_context->width;
               output_codec_context->height = input_codec_context->height;
               output_codec_context->has_b_frames = input_codec_context->has_b_frames;

               if (output_format_context->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) {
                   output_codec_context->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
               }
               break;
           default:
               break;
       }

       return output_stream;
    }

    int write_index_file(const char index[], const char tmp_index[], const unsigned int planned_segment_duration, const unsigned int actual_segment_duration[],
           const char output_directory[], const char output_prefix[], const char output_file_extension[],
           const unsigned int first_segment, const unsigned int last_segment) {
       FILE *index_fp;
       char *write_buf;
       unsigned int i;

       index_fp = fopen(tmp_index, "w");
       if (!index_fp) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not open temporary m3u8 index file (%s), no index file will be created\n", tmp_index);
           return -1;
       }

       write_buf = malloc(sizeof (char) * 1024);
       if (!write_buf) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate write buffer for index file, index file will be invalid\n");
           fclose(index_fp);
           return -1;
       }

       unsigned int maxDuration = planned_segment_duration;

       for (i = first_segment; i &lt;= last_segment; i++)
           if (actual_segment_duration[i] > maxDuration)
               maxDuration = actual_segment_duration[i];



       snprintf(write_buf, 1024, "#EXTM3U\n#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:%u\n", maxDuration);

       if (fwrite(write_buf, strlen(write_buf), 1, index_fp) != 1) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not write to m3u8 index file, will not continue writing to index file\n");
           free(write_buf);
           fclose(index_fp);
           return -1;
       }

       for (i = first_segment; i &lt;= last_segment; i++) {
           snprintf(write_buf, 1024, "#EXTINF:%u,\n%s-%u%s\n", actual_segment_duration[i], output_prefix, i, output_file_extension);
           if (fwrite(write_buf, strlen(write_buf), 1, index_fp) != 1) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not write to m3u8 index file, will not continue writing to index file\n");
               free(write_buf);
               fclose(index_fp);
               return -1;
           }
       }

       snprintf(write_buf, 1024, "#EXT-X-ENDLIST\n");
       if (fwrite(write_buf, strlen(write_buf), 1, index_fp) != 1) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not write last file and endlist tag to m3u8 index file\n");
           free(write_buf);
           fclose(index_fp);
           return -1;
       }

       free(write_buf);
       fclose(index_fp);

       return rename(tmp_index, index);
    }

    int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
       //input parameters
       char inputFilename[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH], playlistFilename[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH], baseDirName[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH], baseFileName[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH];
       char baseFileExtension[5]; //either "ts", "aac" or "mp3"
       int segmentLength, outputStreams, verbosity, version;



       char currentOutputFileName[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH];
       char tempPlaylistName[MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH];


       //these are used to determine the exact length of the current segment
       double prev_segment_time = 0;
       double segment_time;
       unsigned int actual_segment_durations[2048];
       double packet_time = 0;

       //new variables to keep track of output size
       double output_bytes = 0;

       unsigned int output_index = 1;
       AVOutputFormat *ofmt;
       AVFormatContext *ic = NULL;
       AVFormatContext *oc;
       AVStream *video_st = NULL;
       AVStream *audio_st = NULL;
       AVCodec *codec;
       int video_index;
       int audio_index;
       unsigned int first_segment = 1;
       unsigned int last_segment = 0;
       int write_index = 1;
       int decode_done;
       int ret;
       int i;

       unsigned char id3_tag[128];
       unsigned char * image_id3_tag;

       size_t id3_tag_size = 73;
       int newFile = 1; //a boolean value to flag when a new file needs id3 tag info in it

       if (parseCommandLine(inputFilename, playlistFilename, baseDirName, baseFileName, baseFileExtension, &amp;outputStreams, &amp;segmentLength, &amp;verbosity, &amp;version, argc, argv) != 0)
           return 0;

       if (version) {
           ffmpeg_version();
           return 0;
       }


       fprintf(stderr, "%s %s\n", playlistFilename, tempPlaylistName);


       image_id3_tag = malloc(IMAGE_ID3_SIZE);
       if (outputStreams == OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO)
           build_image_id3_tag(image_id3_tag);
       build_id3_tag((char *) id3_tag, id3_tag_size);

       snprintf(tempPlaylistName, strlen(playlistFilename) + strlen(baseDirName) + 1, "%s%s", baseDirName, playlistFilename);
       strncpy(playlistFilename, tempPlaylistName, strlen(tempPlaylistName));
       strncpy(tempPlaylistName, playlistFilename, MAX_FILENAME_LENGTH);
       strncat(tempPlaylistName, ".", 1);

       //decide if this is an aac file or a mpegts file.
       //postpone deciding format until later
       /*  ifmt = av_find_input_format("mpegts");
       if (!ifmt)
       {
       fprintf(stderr, "Could not find MPEG-TS demuxer.\n");
       exit(1);
       } */

       av_log_set_level(AV_LOG_DEBUG);

       av_register_all();
       ret = avformat_open_input(&amp;ic, inputFilename, NULL, NULL);
       if (ret != 0) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file %s. Error %d.\n", inputFilename, ret);
           exit(1);
       }

       if (avformat_find_stream_info(ic, NULL) &lt; 0) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not read stream information.\n");
           exit(1);
       }

       oc = avformat_alloc_context();
       if (!oc) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output context.");
           exit(1);
       }

       video_index = -1;
       audio_index = -1;

       for (i = 0; i &lt; ic->nb_streams &amp;&amp; (video_index &lt; 0 || audio_index &lt; 0); i++) {
           switch (ic->streams[i]->codec->codec_type) {

    #ifdef USE_OLD_FFMPEG
               case CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO:
    #else
               case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
    #endif
                   video_index = i;
                   ic->streams[i]->discard = AVDISCARD_NONE;
                   if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO)
                       video_st = add_output_stream(oc, ic->streams[i]);
                   break;
    #ifdef USE_OLD_FFMPEG
               case CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO:
    #else
               case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
    #endif
                   audio_index = i;
                   ic->streams[i]->discard = AVDISCARD_NONE;
                   if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO)
                       audio_st = add_output_stream(oc, ic->streams[i]);
                   break;
               default:
                   ic->streams[i]->discard = AVDISCARD_ALL;
                   break;
           }
       }

       if (video_index == -1) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Stream must have video component.\n");
           exit(1);
       }

       //now that we know the audio and video output streams
       //we can decide on an output format.
       if (outputStreams == OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO) {
           //the audio output format should be the same as the audio input format
           switch (ic->streams[audio_index]->codec->codec_id) {
               case CODEC_ID_MP3:
                   fprintf(stderr, "Setting output audio to mp3.");
                   strncpy(baseFileExtension, ".mp3", strlen(".mp3"));
                   ofmt = av_guess_format("mp3", NULL, NULL);
                   break;
               case CODEC_ID_AAC:
                   fprintf(stderr, "Setting output audio to aac.");
                   ofmt = av_guess_format("adts", NULL, NULL);
                   break;
               default:
                   fprintf(stderr, "Codec id %d not supported.\n", ic->streams[audio_index]->id);
           }
           if (!ofmt) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not find audio muxer.\n");
               exit(1);
           }
       } else {
           ofmt = av_guess_format("mpegts", NULL, NULL);
           if (!ofmt) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not find MPEG-TS muxer.\n");
               exit(1);
           }
       }
       oc->oformat = ofmt;

       if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO &amp;&amp; oc->oformat->flags &amp; AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) {
           oc->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
       }


       /*  Deprecated: pass the options to avformat_write_header directly.
           if (av_set_parameters(oc, NULL) &lt; 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Invalid output format parameters.\n");
               exit(1);
           }
        */

       av_dump_format(oc, 0, baseFileName, 1);


       //open the video codec only if there is video data
       if (video_index != -1) {
           if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO)
               codec = avcodec_find_decoder(video_st->codec->codec_id);
           else
               codec = avcodec_find_decoder(ic->streams[video_index]->codec->codec_id);
           if (!codec) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not find video decoder, key frames will not be honored.\n");
           }

           if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO)
               ret = avcodec_open2(video_st->codec, codec, NULL);
           else
               avcodec_open2(ic->streams[video_index]->codec, codec, NULL);
           if (ret &lt; 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not open video decoder, key frames will not be honored.\n");
           }
       }

       snprintf(currentOutputFileName, strlen(baseDirName) + strlen(baseFileName) + strlen(baseFileExtension) + 10, "%s%s-%u%s", baseDirName, baseFileName, output_index++, baseFileExtension);

       if (avio_open(&amp;oc->pb, currentOutputFileName, URL_WRONLY) &lt; 0) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not open &#39;%s&#39;.\n", currentOutputFileName);
           exit(1);
       }
       newFile = 1;

       int r = avformat_write_header(oc,NULL);
       if (r) {
           fprintf(stderr, "Could not write mpegts header to first output file.\n");
           debugReturnCode(r);
           exit(1);
       }

       //no segment info is written here. This just creates the shell of the playlist file
       write_index = !write_index_file(playlistFilename, tempPlaylistName, segmentLength, actual_segment_durations, baseDirName, baseFileName, baseFileExtension, first_segment, last_segment);

       do {
           AVPacket packet;

           decode_done = av_read_frame(ic, &amp;packet);

           if (decode_done &lt; 0) {
               break;
           }

           if (av_dup_packet(&amp;packet) &lt; 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Could not duplicate packet.");
               av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
               break;
           }

           //this time is used to check for a break in the segments
           //  if (packet.stream_index == video_index &amp;&amp; (packet.flags &amp; PKT_FLAG_KEY))
           //  {
           //    segment_time = (double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;        
           //  }
    #if USE_OLD_FFMPEG
           if (packet.stream_index == video_index &amp;&amp; (packet.flags &amp; PKT_FLAG_KEY))
    #else
           if (packet.stream_index == video_index &amp;&amp; (packet.flags &amp; AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY))
    #endif
           {
               segment_time = (double) packet.pts * ic->streams[video_index]->time_base.num / ic->streams[video_index]->time_base.den;
           }
           //  else if (video_index &lt; 0)
           //  {
           //      segment_time = (double)audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
           //  }

           //get the most recent packet time
           //this time is used when the time for the final segment is printed. It may not be on the edge of
           //of a keyframe!
           if (packet.stream_index == video_index)
               packet_time = (double) packet.pts * ic->streams[video_index]->time_base.num / ic->streams[video_index]->time_base.den; //(double)video_st->pts.val * video_st->time_base.num / video_st->time_base.den;
           else if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO)
               packet_time = (double) audio_st->pts.val * audio_st->time_base.num / audio_st->time_base.den;
           else
               continue;
           //start looking for segment splits for videos one half second before segment duration expires. This is because the
           //segments are split on key frames so we cannot expect all segments to be split exactly equally.
           if (segment_time - prev_segment_time >= segmentLength - 0.5) {
               fprintf(stderr, "looking to print index file at time %lf\n", segment_time);
               avio_flush(oc->pb);
               avio_close(oc->pb);

               if (write_index) {
                   actual_segment_durations[++last_segment] = (unsigned int) rint(segment_time - prev_segment_time);
                   write_index = !write_index_file(playlistFilename, tempPlaylistName, segmentLength, actual_segment_durations, baseDirName, baseFileName, baseFileExtension, first_segment, last_segment);
                   fprintf(stderr, "Writing index file at time %lf\n", packet_time);
               }

               struct stat st;
               stat(currentOutputFileName, &amp;st);
               output_bytes += st.st_size;

               snprintf(currentOutputFileName, strlen(baseDirName) + strlen(baseFileName) + strlen(baseFileExtension) + 10, "%s%s-%u%s", baseDirName, baseFileName, output_index++, baseFileExtension);
               if (avio_open(&amp;oc->pb, currentOutputFileName, URL_WRONLY) &lt; 0) {
                   fprintf(stderr, "Could not open &#39;%s&#39;\n", currentOutputFileName);
                   break;
               }

               newFile = 1;
               prev_segment_time = segment_time;
           }

           if (outputStreams == OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO &amp;&amp; packet.stream_index == audio_index) {
               if (newFile &amp;&amp; outputStreams == OUTPUT_STREAM_AUDIO) {
                   //add id3 tag info
                   //fprintf(stderr, "adding id3tag to file %s\n", currentOutputFileName);
                   //printf("%lf %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld %lf\n", segment_time, audio_st->pts.val, audio_st->cur_dts, audio_st->cur_pkt.pts, packet.pts, packet.dts, packet.dts * av_q2d(ic->streams[audio_index]->time_base) );
                   fill_id3_tag((char*) id3_tag, id3_tag_size, packet.dts);
                   avio_write(oc->pb, id3_tag, id3_tag_size);
                   avio_write(oc->pb, image_id3_tag, IMAGE_ID3_SIZE);
                   avio_flush(oc->pb);
                   newFile = 0;
               }

               packet.stream_index = 0; //only one stream in audio only segments
               ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &amp;packet);
           } else if (outputStreams &amp; OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO) {
               if (newFile) {
                   //fprintf(stderr, "New File: %lld %lld %lld\n", packet.pts, video_st->pts.val, audio_st->pts.val);
                   //printf("%lf %lld %lld %lld %lld %lld %lf\n", segment_time, audio_st->pts.val, audio_st->cur_dts, audio_st->cur_pkt.pts, packet.pts, packet.dts, packet.dts * av_q2d(ic->streams[audio_index]->time_base) );
                   newFile = 0;
               }
               if (outputStreams == OUTPUT_STREAM_VIDEO)
                   ret = av_write_frame(oc, &amp;packet);
               else
                   ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &amp;packet);
           }

           if (ret &lt; 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "Warning: Could not write frame of stream.\n");
           } else if (ret > 0) {
               fprintf(stderr, "End of stream requested.\n");
               av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
               break;
           }

           av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
       } while (!decode_done);

       //make sure all packets are written and then close the last file.
       avio_flush(oc->pb);
       av_write_trailer(oc);

       if (video_st &amp;&amp; video_st->codec)
           avcodec_close(video_st->codec);

       if (audio_st &amp;&amp; audio_st->codec)
           avcodec_close(audio_st->codec);

       for (i = 0; i &lt; oc->nb_streams; i++) {
           av_freep(&amp;oc->streams[i]->codec);
           av_freep(&amp;oc->streams[i]);
       }

       avio_close(oc->pb);
       av_free(oc);

       struct stat st;
       stat(currentOutputFileName, &amp;st);
       output_bytes += st.st_size;


       if (write_index) {
           actual_segment_durations[++last_segment] = (unsigned int) rint(packet_time - prev_segment_time);

           //make sure that the last segment length is not zero
           if (actual_segment_durations[last_segment] == 0)
               actual_segment_durations[last_segment] = 1;

           write_index_file(playlistFilename, tempPlaylistName, segmentLength, actual_segment_durations, baseDirName, baseFileName, baseFileExtension, first_segment, last_segment);

       }

       write_stream_size_file(baseDirName, baseFileName, output_bytes * 8 / segment_time);

       return 0;
    }
    </outfile></infile>
  • FFmpeg WASM writeFile Stalls and Doesn't Complete in React App with Ant Design

    26 février, par raiyan khan

    I'm using FFmpeg WebAssembly (WASM) in a React app to process and convert a video file before uploading it. The goal is to resize the video to 720p using FFmpeg before sending it to the backend.

    &#xA;

    Problem :

    &#xA;

    Everything works up to fetching the file and confirming it's loaded into memory, but FFmpeg hangs at ffmpeg.writeFile() and does not proceed further. No errors are thrown.

    &#xA;

    Code Snippet :

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    • Loading FFmpeg

      &#xA;

       const loadFFmpeg = async () => {&#xA; if (loaded) return; // Avoid reloading if &#xA; already loaded&#xA;&#xA; const baseURL = &#x27;https://unpkg.com/@ffmpeg/core@0.12.6/dist/umd&#x27;;&#xA; const ffmpeg = ffmpegRef.current;&#xA; ffmpeg.on(&#x27;log&#x27;, ({ message }) => {&#xA;     messageRef.current.innerHTML = message;&#xA;     console.log(message);&#xA; });&#xA; await ffmpeg.load({&#xA;     coreURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.js`, &#x27;text/javascript&#x27;),&#xA;     wasmURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.wasm`, &#x27;application/wasm&#x27;),&#xA; });&#xA; setLoaded(true);&#xA; };&#xA;&#xA; useEffect(() => {&#xA; loadFFmpeg()&#xA; }, [])&#xA;

      &#xA;

    • &#xA;

    • Fetching and Writing File

      &#xA;

        const convertVideoTo720p = async (videoFile) => {&#xA;       console.log("Starting video &#xA;     conversion...");&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA; const { height } = await getVideoMetadata(videoFile);&#xA; console.log(`Video height: ${height}`);&#xA;&#xA; if (height &lt;= 720) {&#xA;     console.log("No conversion needed.");&#xA;     return videoFile;&#xA; }&#xA;&#xA; const ffmpeg = ffmpegRef.current;&#xA; console.log("FFmpeg instance loaded. Writing file to memory...");&#xA;&#xA; const fetchedFile = await fetchFile(videoFile);&#xA; console.log("File fetched successfully:", fetchedFile);&#xA;&#xA; console.log("Checking FFmpeg memory before writing...");&#xA; console.log(`File size: ${fetchedFile.length} bytes (~${(fetchedFile.length / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)} MB)`);&#xA;&#xA; if (!ffmpeg.isLoaded()) {&#xA;     console.error("FFmpeg is not fully loaded yet!");&#xA;     return;&#xA; }&#xA;&#xA; console.log("Memory seems okay. Writing file to FFmpeg...");&#xA; await ffmpeg.writeFile(&#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, fetchedFile);  // ❌ This line hangs, nothing after runs&#xA; console.log("File successfully written to FFmpeg memory.");&#xA;      };&#xA;

      &#xA;

    • &#xA;

    &#xA;

    Debugging Steps I've Tried :

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    • Ensured FFmpeg is fully loaded before calling writeFile()&#xA;✅ ffmpeg.isLoaded() returns true.
    • &#xA;

    • Checked file fetch process :&#xA;✅ fetchFile(videoFile) successfully returns a Uint8Array.
    • &#xA;

    • Tried renaming the file to prevent caching issues&#xA;✅ Used a unique file name like video_${Date.now()}.mp4, but no change
    • &#xA;

    • Checked browser console for errors :&#xA;❌ No errors are displayed.
    • &#xA;

    • Tried skipping FFmpeg and uploading the raw file instead :&#xA;✅ Upload works fine without FFmpeg, so the issue is specific to FFmpeg.
    • &#xA;

    &#xA;

    Expected Behavior

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    • ffmpeg.writeFile(&#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, fetchedFile); should complete and allow FFmpeg to process the video.
    • &#xA;

    &#xA;

    Actual Behavior

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    • Execution stops at writeFile, and no errors are thrown.
    • &#xA;

    &#xA;

    Environment :

    &#xA;

      &#xA;
    • React : 18.x
    • &#xA;

    • FFmpeg WASM Version : @ffmpeg/ffmpeg@0.12.15
    • &#xA;

    • Browser : Chrome 121, Edge 120
    • &#xA;

    • Operating System : Windows 11
    • &#xA;

    &#xA;

    Question :&#xA;Why is FFmpeg's writeFile() stalling and never completing ?&#xA;How can I fix or further debug this issue ?

    &#xA;

    Here is my full code :

    &#xA;

    &#xD;&#xA;
    &#xD;&#xA;
    import { useNavigate } from "react-router-dom";&#xA;import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from &#x27;react&#x27;;&#xA;import { Form, Input, Button, Select, Space } from &#x27;antd&#x27;;&#xA;const { Option } = Select;&#xA;import { FaAngleLeft } from "react-icons/fa6";&#xA;import { message, Upload } from &#x27;antd&#x27;;&#xA;import { CiCamera } from "react-icons/ci";&#xA;import { IoVideocamOutline } from "react-icons/io5";&#xA;import { useCreateWorkoutVideoMutation } from "../../../redux/features/workoutVideo/workoutVideoApi";&#xA;import { convertVideoTo720p } from "../../../utils/ffmpegHelper";&#xA;import { FFmpeg } from &#x27;@ffmpeg/ffmpeg&#x27;;&#xA;import { fetchFile, toBlobURL } from &#x27;@ffmpeg/util&#x27;;&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;const AddWorkoutVideo = () => {&#xA;    const [videoFile, setVideoFile] = useState(null);&#xA;    const [imageFile, setImageFile] = useState(null);&#xA;    const [loaded, setLoaded] = useState(false);&#xA;    const ffmpegRef = useRef(new FFmpeg());&#xA;    const videoRef = useRef(null);&#xA;    const messageRef = useRef(null);&#xA;    const [form] = Form.useForm();&#xA;    const [createWorkoutVideo, { isLoading }] = useCreateWorkoutVideoMutation()&#xA;    const navigate = useNavigate();&#xA;&#xA;    const videoFileRef = useRef(null); // Use a ref instead of state&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;    // Handle Video Upload&#xA;    const handleVideoChange = ({ file }) => {&#xA;        setVideoFile(file.originFileObj);&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    // Handle Image Upload&#xA;    const handleImageChange = ({ file }) => {&#xA;        setImageFile(file.originFileObj);&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    // Load FFmpeg core if needed (optional if you want to preload)&#xA;    const loadFFmpeg = async () => {&#xA;        if (loaded) return; // Avoid reloading if already loaded&#xA;&#xA;        const baseURL = &#x27;https://unpkg.com/@ffmpeg/core@0.12.6/dist/umd&#x27;;&#xA;        const ffmpeg = ffmpegRef.current;&#xA;        ffmpeg.on(&#x27;log&#x27;, ({ message }) => {&#xA;            messageRef.current.innerHTML = message;&#xA;            console.log(message);&#xA;        });&#xA;        await ffmpeg.load({&#xA;            coreURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.js`, &#x27;text/javascript&#x27;),&#xA;            wasmURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.wasm`, &#x27;application/wasm&#x27;),&#xA;        });&#xA;        setLoaded(true);&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    useEffect(() => {&#xA;        loadFFmpeg()&#xA;    }, [])&#xA;&#xA;    // Helper: Get video metadata (width and height)&#xA;    const getVideoMetadata = (file) => {&#xA;        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {&#xA;            const video = document.createElement(&#x27;video&#x27;);&#xA;            video.preload = &#x27;metadata&#x27;;&#xA;            video.onloadedmetadata = () => {&#xA;                resolve({ width: video.videoWidth, height: video.videoHeight });&#xA;            };&#xA;            video.onerror = () => reject(new Error(&#x27;Could not load video metadata&#x27;));&#xA;            video.src = URL.createObjectURL(file);&#xA;        });&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    // Inline conversion helper function&#xA;    // const convertVideoTo720p = async (videoFile) => {&#xA;    //     // Check the video resolution first&#xA;    //     const { height } = await getVideoMetadata(videoFile);&#xA;    //     if (height &lt;= 720) {&#xA;    //         // No conversion needed&#xA;    //         return videoFile;&#xA;    //     }&#xA;    //     const ffmpeg = ffmpegRef.current;&#xA;    //     // Load ffmpeg if not already loaded&#xA;    //     // await ffmpeg.load({&#xA;    //     //     coreURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.js`, &#x27;text/javascript&#x27;),&#xA;    //     //     wasmURL: await toBlobURL(`${baseURL}/ffmpeg-core.wasm`, &#x27;application/wasm&#x27;),&#xA;    //     // });&#xA;    //     // Write the input file to the ffmpeg virtual FS&#xA;    //     await ffmpeg.writeFile(&#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, await fetchFile(videoFile));&#xA;    //     // Convert video to 720p (scale filter maintains aspect ratio)&#xA;    //     await ffmpeg.exec([&#x27;-i&#x27;, &#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, &#x27;-vf&#x27;, &#x27;scale=-1:720&#x27;, &#x27;output.mp4&#x27;]);&#xA;    //     // Read the output file&#xA;    //     const data = await ffmpeg.readFile(&#x27;output.mp4&#x27;);&#xA;    //     console.log(data, &#x27;data from convertVideoTo720p&#x27;);&#xA;    //     const videoBlob = new Blob([data.buffer], { type: &#x27;video/mp4&#x27; });&#xA;    //     return new File([videoBlob], &#x27;output.mp4&#x27;, { type: &#x27;video/mp4&#x27; });&#xA;    // };&#xA;    const convertVideoTo720p = async (videoFile) => {&#xA;        console.log("Starting video conversion...");&#xA;&#xA;        // Check the video resolution first&#xA;        const { height } = await getVideoMetadata(videoFile);&#xA;        console.log(`Video height: ${height}`);&#xA;&#xA;        if (height &lt;= 720) {&#xA;            console.log("No conversion needed. Returning original file.");&#xA;            return videoFile;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        const ffmpeg = ffmpegRef.current;&#xA;        console.log("FFmpeg instance loaded. Writing file to memory...");&#xA;&#xA;        // await ffmpeg.writeFile(&#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, await fetchFile(videoFile));&#xA;        // console.log("File written. Starting conversion...");&#xA;        console.log("Fetching file for FFmpeg:", videoFile);&#xA;        const fetchedFile = await fetchFile(videoFile);&#xA;        console.log("File fetched successfully:", fetchedFile);&#xA;        console.log("Checking FFmpeg memory before writing...");&#xA;        console.log(`File size: ${fetchedFile.length} bytes (~${(fetchedFile.length / 1024 / 1024).toFixed(2)} MB)`);&#xA;&#xA;        if (fetchedFile.length > 50 * 1024 * 1024) { // 50MB limit&#xA;            console.error("File is too large for FFmpeg WebAssembly!");&#xA;            message.error("File too large. Try a smaller video.");&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        console.log("Memory seems okay. Writing file to FFmpeg...");&#xA;        const fileName = `video_${Date.now()}.mp4`; // Generate a unique name&#xA;        console.log(`Using filename: ${fileName}`);&#xA;&#xA;        await ffmpeg.writeFile(fileName, fetchedFile);&#xA;        console.log(`File successfully written to FFmpeg memory as ${fileName}.`);&#xA;&#xA;        await ffmpeg.exec([&#x27;-i&#x27;, &#x27;input.mp4&#x27;, &#x27;-vf&#x27;, &#x27;scale=-1:720&#x27;, &#x27;output.mp4&#x27;]);&#xA;        console.log("Conversion completed. Reading output file...");&#xA;&#xA;        const data = await ffmpeg.readFile(&#x27;output.mp4&#x27;);&#xA;        console.log("File read successful. Creating new File object.");&#xA;&#xA;        const videoBlob = new Blob([data.buffer], { type: &#x27;video/mp4&#x27; });&#xA;        const convertedFile = new File([videoBlob], &#x27;output.mp4&#x27;, { type: &#x27;video/mp4&#x27; });&#xA;&#xA;        console.log(convertedFile, "converted video from convertVideoTo720p");&#xA;&#xA;        return convertedFile;&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;    const onFinish = async (values) => {&#xA;        // Ensure a video is selected&#xA;        if (!videoFileRef.current) {&#xA;            message.error("Please select a video file.");&#xA;            return;&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        // Create FormData&#xA;        const formData = new FormData();&#xA;        if (imageFile) {&#xA;            formData.append("image", imageFile);&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        try {&#xA;            message.info("Processing video. Please wait...");&#xA;&#xA;            // Convert the video to 720p only if needed&#xA;            const convertedVideo = await convertVideoTo720p(videoFileRef.current);&#xA;            console.log(convertedVideo, &#x27;convertedVideo from onFinish&#x27;);&#xA;&#xA;            formData.append("media", videoFileRef.current);&#xA;&#xA;            formData.append("data", JSON.stringify(values));&#xA;&#xA;            // Upload manually to the backend&#xA;            const response = await createWorkoutVideo(formData).unwrap();&#xA;            console.log(response, &#x27;response from add video&#x27;);&#xA;&#xA;            message.success("Video added successfully!");&#xA;            form.resetFields(); // Reset form&#xA;            setVideoFile(null); // Clear file&#xA;&#xA;        } catch (error) {&#xA;            message.error(error.data?.message || "Failed to add video.");&#xA;        }&#xA;&#xA;        // if (videoFile) {&#xA;        //     message.info("Processing video. Please wait...");&#xA;        //     try {&#xA;        //         // Convert the video to 720p only if needed&#xA;        //         const convertedVideo = await convertVideoTo720p(videoFile);&#xA;        //         formData.append("media", convertedVideo);&#xA;        //     } catch (conversionError) {&#xA;        //         message.error("Video conversion failed.");&#xA;        //         return;&#xA;        //     }&#xA;        // }&#xA;        // formData.append("data", JSON.stringify(values)); // Convert text fields to JSON&#xA;&#xA;        // try {&#xA;        //     const response = await createWorkoutVideo(formData).unwrap();&#xA;        //     console.log(response, &#x27;response from add video&#x27;);&#xA;&#xA;        //     message.success("Video added successfully!");&#xA;        //     form.resetFields(); // Reset form&#xA;        //     setFile(null); // Clear file&#xA;        // } catch (error) {&#xA;        //     message.error(error.data?.message || "Failed to add video.");&#xA;        // }&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    const handleBackButtonClick = () => {&#xA;        navigate(-1); // This takes the user back to the previous page&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    const videoUploadProps = {&#xA;        name: &#x27;video&#x27;,&#xA;        // action: &#x27;https://660d2bd96ddfa2943b33731c.mockapi.io/api/upload&#x27;,&#xA;        // headers: {&#xA;        //     authorization: &#x27;authorization-text&#x27;,&#xA;        // },&#xA;        // beforeUpload: (file) => {&#xA;        //     const isVideo = file.type.startsWith(&#x27;video/&#x27;);&#xA;        //     if (!isVideo) {&#xA;        //         message.error(&#x27;You can only upload video files!&#x27;);&#xA;        //     }&#xA;        //     return isVideo;&#xA;        // },&#xA;        // onChange(info) {&#xA;        //     if (info.file.status === &#x27;done&#x27;) {&#xA;        //         message.success(`${info.file.name} video uploaded successfully`);&#xA;        //     } else if (info.file.status === &#x27;error&#x27;) {&#xA;        //         message.error(`${info.file.name} video upload failed.`);&#xA;        //     }&#xA;        // },&#xA;        beforeUpload: (file) => {&#xA;            const isVideo = file.type.startsWith(&#x27;video/&#x27;);&#xA;            if (!isVideo) {&#xA;                message.error(&#x27;You can only upload video files!&#x27;);&#xA;                return Upload.LIST_IGNORE; // Prevents the file from being added to the list&#xA;            }&#xA;            videoFileRef.current = file; // Store file in ref&#xA;            // setVideoFile(file); // Store the file in state instead of uploading it automatically&#xA;            return false; // Prevent auto-upload&#xA;        },&#xA;    };&#xA;&#xA;    const imageUploadProps = {&#xA;        name: &#x27;image&#x27;,&#xA;        action: &#x27;https://660d2bd96ddfa2943b33731c.mockapi.io/api/upload&#x27;,&#xA;        headers: {&#xA;            authorization: &#x27;authorization-text&#x27;,&#xA;        },&#xA;        beforeUpload: (file) => {&#xA;            const isImage = file.type.startsWith(&#x27;image/&#x27;);&#xA;            if (!isImage) {&#xA;                message.error(&#x27;You can only upload image files!&#x27;);&#xA;            }&#xA;            return isImage;&#xA;        },&#xA;        onChange(info) {&#xA;            if (info.file.status === &#x27;done&#x27;) {&#xA;                message.success(`${info.file.name} image uploaded successfully`);&#xA;            } else if (info.file.status === &#x27;error&#x27;) {&#xA;                message.error(`${info.file.name} image upload failed.`);&#xA;            }&#xA;        },&#xA;    };&#xA;    return (&#xA;        &lt;>&#xA;            <div classname="flex items-center gap-2 text-xl cursor-pointer">&#xA;                <faangleleft></faangleleft>&#xA;                <h1 classname="font-semibold">Add Video</h1>&#xA;            </div>&#xA;            <div classname="rounded-lg py-4 border-[#79CDFF] border-2 shadow-lg mt-8 bg-white">&#xA;                <div classname="space-y-[24px] min-h-[83vh] bg-light-gray rounded-2xl">&#xA;                    <h3 classname="text-2xl text-[#174C6B] mb-4 border-b border-[#79CDFF]/50 pb-3 pl-16 font-semibold">&#xA;                        Adding Video&#xA;                    </h3>&#xA;                    <div classname="w-full px-16">&#xA;                        / style={{ maxWidth: 600, margin: &#x27;0 auto&#x27; }}&#xA;                        >&#xA;                            {/* Section 1 */}&#xA;                            {/* <space direction="vertical" style="{{"> */}&#xA;                            {/* <space size="large" direction="horizontal" classname="responsive-space"> */}&#xA;                            <div classname="grid grid-cols-2 gap-8 mt-8">&#xA;                                <div>&#xA;                                    <space size="large" direction="horizontal" classname="responsive-space-section-2">&#xA;&#xA;                                        {/* Video */}&#xA;                                        Upload Video}&#xA;                                            name="media"&#xA;                                            className="responsive-form-item"&#xA;                                        // rules={[{ required: true, message: &#x27;Please enter the package amount!&#x27; }]}&#xA;                                        >&#xA;                                            <upload maxcount="{1}">&#xA;                                                <button style="{{" solid="solid">&#xA;                                                    <span style="{{" 600="600">Select a video</span>&#xA;                                                    <iovideocamoutline size="{20}" color="#174C6B"></iovideocamoutline>&#xA;                                                </button>&#xA;                                            </upload>&#xA;                                        &#xA;&#xA;                                        {/* Thumbnail */}&#xA;                                        Upload Image}&#xA;                                            name="image"&#xA;                                            className="responsive-form-item"&#xA;                                        // rules={[{ required: true, message: &#x27;Please enter the package amount!&#x27; }]}&#xA;                                        >&#xA;                                            <upload maxcount="{1}">&#xA;                                                <button style="{{" solid="solid">&#xA;                                                    <span style="{{" 600="600">Select an image</span>&#xA;                                                    <cicamera size="{25}" color="#174C6B"></cicamera>&#xA;                                                </button>&#xA;                                            </upload>&#xA;                                        &#xA;&#xA;                                        {/* Title */}&#xA;                                        Video Title}&#xA;                                            name="name"&#xA;                                            className="responsive-form-item-section-2"&#xA;                                        >&#xA;                                            <input type="text" placeholder="Enter video title" style="{{&amp;#xA;" solid="solid" />&#xA;                                        &#xA;                                    </space>&#xA;                                </div>&#xA;                            </div>&#xA;&#xA;                            {/* </space> */}&#xA;                            {/* </space> */}&#xA;&#xA;&#xA;                            {/* Submit Button */}&#xA;                            &#xA;                                <div classname="p-4 mt-10 text-center mx-auto flex items-center justify-center">&#xA;                                    &#xA;                                        <span classname="text-white font-semibold">{isLoading ? &#x27;Uploading...&#x27; : &#x27;Upload&#x27;}</span>&#xA;                                    &#xA;                                </div>&#xA;                            &#xA;                        &#xA;                    </div>&#xA;                </div>&#xA;            </div>&#xA;        >&#xA;    )&#xA;}&#xA;&#xA;export default AddWorkoutVideo

    &#xD;&#xA;

    &#xD;&#xA;

    &#xD;&#xA;&#xA;

    Would appreciate any insights or suggestions. Thanks !

    &#xA;

  • Alias Artifacts

    26 avril 2013, par Multimedia Mike — General

    Throughout my own life, I have often observed that my own sense of nostalgia has a window that stretches about 10-15 years past from the current moment. Earlier this year, I discovered the show “Alias” and watched through the entire series thanks to Amazon Prime Instant Video (to be fair, I sort of skimmed the fifth and final season which I found to be horribly dull, or maybe franchise fatigue had set in). The show originally aired from 2001-2006 so I found that it fit well within the aforementioned nostalgia window.


    Alias (TV Series) logo

    But what was it, exactly, about the show that triggered nostalgia ? The computers, of course ! The show revolved around spies and espionage and cutting-edge technology necessarily played a role. The production designer for the series must have decided that Unix/Linux == awesome hacking and so many screenshots featured Linux.

    Since this is still nominally a multimedia blog, I’ll start of the screenshot recon with an old multimedia player. Here is a vintage Mac OS desktop running an ancient web browser (probably Netscape) that’s playing a full-window video (probably QuickTime embedded directly into the browser).


    Old Mac OS with old browser

    Click for larger image


    Let’s jump right into the Linux side of things. This screenshot makes me particularly sentimental since this is exactly what a stock Linux/KDE desktop looked like circa 2001-2003 and is more or less what I would have worked with on my home computer at the time :


    Alias: Linux/KDE desktop

    Click for larger image


    Studying that screenshot, we see that the user logs in as root, even to the desktop environment. Poor security practice ; I would expect better from a bunch of spooks.

    Echelon
    Look at the terminal output in the above screenshot– it’s building a program named Echelon, an omniscient spy tool inspired by a real-world surveillance network of the same name. In the show, Echelon is used to supply plot-convenient intelligence. At one point, some antagonists get their hands on the Echelon source code and seek to compile it. When they do, they will have access to the vast surveillance network. If you know anything about how computers work, don’t think about that too hard.

    Anyway, it’s interesting to note that Echelon is a properly autotool’d program– when the bad guys finally got Echelon, installation was just a ‘make install’ command away. The compilation was very user-friendly, though, as it would pop up a nice dialog box showing build progress :


    Alias: Compiling Echelon

    Click for larger image


    Examining the build lines in both that screenshot and the following lines, we can see that Echelon cares about files such as common/db_err.c and bt_curadj.c :


    Alias: Echelon used Berkeley DB

    Click for larger image


    A little googling reveals that these files both belong to the Berkeley DB library. That works ; I can imagine a program like this leveraging various database packages.

    Computer Languages
    The Echelon source code stuff comes from episode 2.11 : “A Higher Echelon”. While one faction had gotten a hold of the actual Echelon source code, a rival faction had abducted the show’s resident uber-nerd and, learning that they didn’t actually receive the Echelon code, force the nerd to re-write Echelon from scratch. Which he then proceeds to do…


    Alias: Rewriting Echelon

    Click for larger image


    The code he’s examining there appears to be C code that has something to do with joystick programming (JS_X_0, JS_Y_1, etc.). An eagle-eyed IMDb user contributed the trivia that he is looking at the file /usr/include/Linux/joystick.h.

    Getting back to the plot, how could the bad buys possibly expect him to re-write a hugely complex piece of software from scratch ? You might think this is the height of absurdity for a computer-oriented story. You’ll be pleased to know that the writers agreed with that assessment since, when the program was actually executed, it claimed to be Echelon, but that broke into a game of Pong (or some simple game). Suddenly, it makes perfect sense why the guy was looking at the joystick header file.

    This is the first bit of computer-oriented fun that I captured when I was watching the series :


    Alias: Java on the mainframe

    Click for larger image


    This printout purports to be a “mainframe log summary”. After some plot-advancing text about a security issue, it proceeds to dump out some Java source code.

    SSH
    Secure Shell (SSH) frequently showed up. Here’s a screenshot in which a verbose ‘ssh -v’ connection has just been closed, while a telnet command has apparently just been launched (evidenced by “Escape character is ‘^]’.”) :


    Alias: SSH/telnet

    Click for larger image


    This is followed by some good old Hollywood Hacking in which a free-form database command is entered through any available command line interface :


    Alias: Intuitive command line interface

    Click for larger image


    I don’t remember the episode details, but I’m pretty sure the output made perfect sense to the character typing the command. Here’s another screenshot where the SSH client pops up an extra-large GUI dialog element to notify the user that it’s currently negotiating with the host :


    Alias: SSH negotiation dialog

    Click for larger image


    Now that I look at that screenshot a little more closely, it appears to be a Win95/98 program. I wonder if there was an SSH client that actually popped up that gaudy dialog.

    There’s a lot of gibberish in this screenshot and I wish I had written down some details about what it represented according to the episode’s plot :


    Alias: Public key

    Click for larger image


    It almost sounds like they were trying to break into a network computer. Analyzing MD5 structure… public key synthesized. To me, the funniest feature is the 7-digit public key. I’m a bit rusty on the math of the RSA cryptosystem, but intuitively, it seems that the public and private keys need to be of roughly equal lengths. I.e., the private key in this scenario would also be 7 digits long.

    Gadgets
    Various devices and gadgets were seen at various junctures in the show. Here’s a tablet computer from back when tablet computers seemed like fantastical (albeit stylus-requiring) devices– the Fujitsu Stylistic 2300 :


    Alias: Fujitsu Stylistic 2300 tablet

    Click for larger image


    Here’s a videophone from an episode that aired in 2005. The specific model is the Packet8 DV326 (MSRP of US$500). As you can see from the screenshot, it can do 384 kbps both down and up.


    Alias: Packet8 DV326

    Click for larger image


    I really regret not writing down the episode details surrounding this gadget. I just know that it was critical that the good guys get it and keep from falling into the hands of the bad guys.


    Alias: Gadget using Samsung and Lexar chips

    Click for larger image


    As you can see, the (presumably) deadly device contains a Samsung chip and a Lexar chip. I have to wonder what device the production crew salvaged this from (probably just an old cell phone).

    Other Programs

    The GIMP photo editor makes an appearance while scrubbing security camera footage, and serves as the magical Enhance Button (at least they slung around the term “gamma”) :


    Alias: GIMP editor

    Click for larger image


    I have no idea what MacOS-based audio editing program this is. Any ideas ?


    Alias: Apple MacOS-based audio editor

    Click for larger image


    FTP shows up in episode 2.12, “The Getaway”. It’s described as a “secure channel” for communication, which is quite humorous to anyone versed in internet technology.


    Alias: FTP secure channel

    Click for larger image