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• Record video with Xvfb + FFmpeg using Selenium in headless mode

  12 mars 2024, par ifdef14

  I am trying to record video using Selenium in headless mode. I am using Xvfb and FFmpeg bindings for Python. I've already tried :

  


  import subprocess
import threading
import time

from chromedriver_py import binary_path
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb


def record_video(xvfb_width, xvfb_height, xvfb_screen_num):
    subprocess.call(
        [
            'ffmpeg',
            '-f',
            'x11grab',
            '-video_size',
            f'{xvfb_width}x{xvfb_height}',
            '-i',
            xvfb_screen_num,
            '-codec:v',
            'libx264',
            '-r',
            '12',
            'videos/video.mp4',
        ]
    )


with Xvfb() as xvfb:
    '''
    xvfb.xvfb_cmd[1]) returns scren num
    :217295622
    :319294854
    :
    '''
    xvfb_width, xvfb_height, xvfb_screen_num = xvfb.width, xvfb.height, xvfb.xvfb_cmd[1]
    thread = threading.Thread(target=record_video, args=(xvfb_width, xvfb_height, xvfb_screen_num))
    thread.start()
    opts = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    opts.add_argument('--headless')
    try:
        driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(executable_path=binary_path), options=opts)
    finally:
        driver.close()
        driver.quit()



  


  As much as I understand xvfb.xvfb_cmd[1] returns an information about virtual display isn't it ? When I executed this script, I got the error message :

  


  [x11grab @ 0x5e039cfe2280] Failed to query xcb pointer0.00 bitrate=N/A speed=N/A    
:1379911620: Generic error in an external library


  


  I also tried to use the following commands :

  


  xvfb-run --listen-tcp --server-num 1 --auth-file /tmp/xvfb.auth -s "-ac -screen 0 1920x1080x24" python main.py &

  


  ffmpeg -f x11grab -video_size 1920x1080 -i :1 -codec:v libx264 -r 12 videos/video.mp4

  


  In the commands above, there are used xvfb-run --server-num 1 and ffmpeg -i :1, why ?

  


  Overall, when Selenium is running in the headless mode what's going on behind the scenes ? Is it using virtual display ? If yes, how can I detect display id of this, etc. Am I on the right path ?

  


  I am not using Docker or any kind of virtualization. All kind of tests are running on my local Ubuntu machine.

  


• WebRTC books – a brief review

  1er janvier 2014, par silvia

  I just finished reading Rob Manson’s awesome book “Getting Started with WebRTC” and I can highly recommend it for any Web developer who is interested in WebRTC.

  Rob explains very clearly how to create your first video, audio or data peer-connection using WebRTC in current Google Chrome or Firefox (I think it also now applies to Opera, though that wasn’t the case when his book was published). He makes available example code, so you can replicate it in your own Web application easily, including the setup of a signalling server. He also points out that you need a ICE (STUN/TURN) server to punch through firewalls and gives recommendations for what software is available, but stops short of explaining how to set them up.

  Rob’s focus is very much on the features required in a typical Web application :

  • video calls
  • audio calls
  • text chats
  • file sharing

  In fact, he provides the most in-depth demo of how to set up a good file sharing interface I have come across.

  Rob then also extends his introduction to WebRTC to two key application areas : education and team communication. His recommendations are spot on and required reading for anyone developing applications in these spaces.

  —

  Before Rob’s book, I have also read Alan Johnson and Dan Burnett’s “WebRTC” book on APIs and RTCWEB protocols of the HTML5 Real-Time Web.

  Alan and Dan’s book was written more than a year ago and explains that state of standardisation at that time. It’s probably a little out-dated now, but it still gives you good foundations on why some decisions were made the way they are and what are contentious issues (some of which still remain). If you really want to understand what happens behind the scenes when you call certain functions in the WebRTC APIs of browsers, then this is for you.

  Alan and Dan’s book explains in more details than Rob’s book how IP addresses of communication partners are found, how firewall holepunching works, how sessions get negotiated, and how the standards process works. It’s probably less useful to a Web developer who just wants to implement video call functionality into their Web application, though if something goes wrong you may find yourself digging into the details of SDP, SRTP, DTLS, and other cryptic abbreviations of protocols that all need to work together to get a WebRTC call working.

  —

  Overall, both books are worthwhile and cover different aspects of WebRTC that you will stumble across if you are directly dealing with WebRTC code.

• WebRTC books – a brief review

  1er janvier 2014, par silvia

  I just finished reading Rob Manson’s awesome book “Getting Started with WebRTC” and I can highly recommend it for any Web developer who is interested in WebRTC.

  Rob explains very clearly how to create your first video, audio or data peer-connection using WebRTC in current Google Chrome or Firefox (I think it also now applies to Opera, though that wasn’t the case when his book was published). He makes available example code, so you can replicate it in your own Web application easily, including the setup of a signalling server. He also points out that you need a ICE (STUN/TURN) server to punch through firewalls and gives recommendations for what software is available, but stops short of explaining how to set them up.

  Rob’s focus is very much on the features required in a typical Web application :

  • video calls
  • audio calls
  • text chats
  • file sharing

  In fact, he provides the most in-depth demo of how to set up a good file sharing interface I have come across.

  Rob then also extends his introduction to WebRTC to two key application areas : education and team communication. His recommendations are spot on and required reading for anyone developing applications in these spaces.

  —

  Before Rob’s book, I have also read Alan Johnson and Dan Burnett’s “WebRTC” book on APIs and RTCWEB protocols of the HTML5 Real-Time Web.

  Alan and Dan’s book was written more than a year ago and explains that state of standardisation at that time. It’s probably a little out-dated now, but it still gives you good foundations on why some decisions were made the way they are and what are contentious issues (some of which still remain). If you really want to understand what happens behind the scenes when you call certain functions in the WebRTC APIs of browsers, then this is for you.

  Alan and Dan’s book explains in more details than Rob’s book how IP addresses of communication partners are found, how firewall holepunching works, how sessions get negotiated, and how the standards process works. It’s probably less useful to a Web developer who just wants to implement video call functionality into their Web application, though if something goes wrong you may find yourself digging into the details of SDP, SRTP, DTLS, and other cryptic abbreviations of protocols that all need to work together to get a WebRTC call working.

  —

  Overall, both books are worthwhile and cover different aspects of WebRTC that you will stumble across if you are directly dealing with WebRTC code.