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    25 avril 2011, par

    MediaSPIP 0.1 beta is the first version of MediaSPIP proclaimed as "usable".
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  • MediaSPIP version 0.1 Beta

    16 avril 2011, par

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  • Decode audio and video and process both streams — ffmpeg, sdl, opencv

    6 mai 2013, par Eric

    My goal is to proceed on audio and video of mpeg-2 file independently, and to keep synchronicity on both flows. Duration of video is about 1 or 2 minutes maximum.

    1. First, following this post "opencv for reading videos (and do the process),ffmpeg for audio , and SDL used to play both" sounds perfect. I have done some modification on the code considering recent ffmpeg naming changes. Compilation with cmake on 64-bits machine is fine. I get an error "Unsupported codec [3]" when opening codec.
      The code is following.

    2. Second, I looking for code dealing with synchronicity on both flows.


    #include "opencv/highgui.h"
    #include "opencv/cv.h"

    #ifndef INT64_C
    #define INT64_C(c) (c ## LL)
    #define UINT64_C(c) (c ## ULL)
    #endif

    extern "C"{
    #include <sdl></sdl>SDL.h>
    #include <sdl></sdl>SDL_thread.h>
    #include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>
    #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
    }

    #include <iostream>
    #include
    #include

    using namespace cv;

    #define SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

    typedef struct PacketQueue
    {
      AVPacketList *first_pkt, *last_pkt;
      int nb_packets;
      int size;
      SDL_mutex *mutex;
      SDL_cond *cond;
    } PacketQueue;
    PacketQueue audioq;

    int audioStream = -1;
    int videoStream = -1;
    int quit = 0;

    SDL_Surface* screen = NULL;
    SDL_Surface* surface = NULL;

    AVFormatContext* pFormatCtx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext* aCodecCtx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext* pCodecCtx = NULL;

    void show_frame(IplImage* img){
      if (!screen){
         screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(img->width, img->height, 0, 0);
         if (!screen){
            fprintf(stderr, "SDL: could not set video mode - exiting\n");
            exit(1);
         }
      }
      // Assuming IplImage packed as BGR 24bits
      SDL_Surface* surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFrom((void*)img->imageData,
                                                      img->width,
                                                      img->height,
                                                      img->depth * img->nChannels,
                                                      img->widthStep,
                                                      0xff0000, 0x00ff00, 0x0000ff, 0
                                                     );

      SDL_BlitSurface(surface, 0, screen, 0);
      SDL_Flip(screen);
    }

    void packet_queue_init(PacketQueue *q){
      memset(q, 0, sizeof(PacketQueue));
      q->mutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
      q->cond = SDL_CreateCond();
    }

    int packet_queue_put(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt){
      AVPacketList *pkt1;
      if (av_dup_packet(pkt) &lt; 0){
         return -1;
      }

      pkt1 = (AVPacketList*) av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacketList));
      //pkt1 = (AVPacketList*) malloc(sizeof(AVPacketList));
      if (!pkt1) return -1;
      pkt1->pkt = *pkt;
      pkt1->next = NULL;

      SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);

      if (!q->last_pkt)
         q->first_pkt = pkt1;
      else
         q->last_pkt->next = pkt1;

      q->last_pkt = pkt1;
      q->nb_packets++;
      q->size += pkt1->pkt.size;
      SDL_CondSignal(q->cond);

      SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
      return 0;
    }

    static int packet_queue_get(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt, int block){
      AVPacketList *pkt1;
      int ret;

      SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);
      for (;;){
         if( quit){
            ret = -1;
            break;
         }

         pkt1 = q->first_pkt;
         if (pkt1){
            q->first_pkt = pkt1->next;
            if (!q->first_pkt)
               q->last_pkt = NULL;

            q->nb_packets--;
            q->size -= pkt1->pkt.size;
            *pkt = pkt1->pkt;
            av_free(pkt1);
            //free(pkt1);
            ret = 1;
            break;
         }

         else if (!block){
            ret = 0;
            break;
         }
         else{
            SDL_CondWait(q->cond, q->mutex);
         }
      }

      SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
      return ret;
    }

    int audio_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx, uint8_t *audio_buf, int buf_size){
      static AVPacket pkt;
      static uint8_t *audio_pkt_data = NULL;
      static int audio_pkt_size = 0;

      int len1, data_size;

      for (;;){
         while (audio_pkt_size > 0){
            data_size = buf_size;
            len1 = avcodec_decode_audio3(aCodecCtx, (int16_t*)audio_buf, &amp;data_size, &amp;pkt);
            if (len1 &lt; 0){
               // if error, skip frame
               audio_pkt_size = 0;
               break;
            }
            audio_pkt_data += len1;
            audio_pkt_size -= len1;
            if (data_size &lt;= 0){
               // No data yet, get more frames
               continue;
            }
            // We have data, return it and come back for more later
            return data_size;
        }

        if (pkt.data)
           av_free_packet(&amp;pkt);
        if (quit) return -1;
        if (packet_queue_get(&amp;audioq, &amp;pkt, 1) &lt; 0) return -1;
        audio_pkt_data = pkt.data;
        audio_pkt_size = pkt.size;
     }
    }

    void audio_callback(void *userdata, Uint8 *stream, int len){
     AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx = (AVCodecContext *)userdata;
     int len1, audio_size;

     static uint8_t audio_buf[(AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE * 3) / 2];
     static unsigned int audio_buf_size = 0;
     static unsigned int audio_buf_index = 0;

     while (len > 0){
        if (audio_buf_index >= audio_buf_size){
           // We have already sent all our data; get more
           audio_size = audio_decode_frame(aCodecCtx, audio_buf, sizeof(audio_buf));
           if(audio_size &lt; 0){
              // If error, output silence
              audio_buf_size = 1024; // arbitrary?
              memset(audio_buf, 0, audio_buf_size);
           }
           else{
              audio_buf_size = audio_size;
           }
           audio_buf_index = 0;
       }

       len1 = audio_buf_size - audio_buf_index;
       if (len1 > len)
          len1 = len;
       memcpy(stream, (uint8_t *)audio_buf + audio_buf_index, len1);
       len -= len1;
       stream += len1;
       audio_buf_index += len1;
     }
    }

        void setup_ffmpeg(char* filename)
        {
           if (avformat_open_input(&amp;pFormatCtx, filename, NULL, NULL) != 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "FFmpeg failed to open file %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "FFmpeg failed to retrieve stream info!\n");
              exit(-1);
           }

           // Dump information about file onto standard error
           av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filename, 0);

           // Find the first video stream
           int i = 0;
           for (i; i &lt; pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++){
              if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &amp;&amp; videoStream &lt; 0){
                 videoStream = i;
              }

              if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &amp;&amp; audioStream &lt; 0){
                 audioStream = i;
              }
           }

           if (videoStream == -1){
              fprintf(stderr, "No video stream found in %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           if (audioStream == -1){
              fprintf(stderr, "No audio stream found in %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           // Get a pointer to the codec context for the audio stream
           aCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[audioStream]->codec;

           // Set audio settings from codec info
           SDL_AudioSpec wanted_spec;
           wanted_spec.freq = aCodecCtx->sample_rate;
           wanted_spec.format = AUDIO_S16SYS;
           wanted_spec.channels = aCodecCtx->channels;
           wanted_spec.silence = 0;
           wanted_spec.samples = SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE;
           wanted_spec.callback = audio_callback;
           wanted_spec.userdata = aCodecCtx;

           SDL_AudioSpec spec;
           if (SDL_OpenAudio(&amp;wanted_spec, &amp;spec) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "SDL_OpenAudio: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
              exit(-1);
           }

           AVCodec* aCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(aCodecCtx->codec_id);
           if (!aCodec){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [1]!\n");
              exit(-1);
           }
           avcodec_open(aCodecCtx, aCodec);

           // audio_st = pFormatCtx->streams[index]
           packet_queue_init(&amp;audioq);
           SDL_PauseAudio(0);

           // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
           pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;

           // Find the decoder for the video stream
           AVCodec* pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
           if (pCodec == NULL){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [2]!\n");
              exit(-1); // Codec not found
           }

           // Open codec
           if (avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [3]!\n");
              exit(-1); // Could not open codec
           }
        }


        int main(int argc, char* argv[])
        {
           if (argc &lt; 2){
               std::cout &lt;&lt; "Usage: " &lt;&lt; argv[0] &lt;&lt; " <video>" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
               return -1;
           }

           av_register_all();

           // Init SDL
           if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER))
           {
              fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SDL - %s\n", SDL_GetError());
              return -1;
           }

           // Init ffmpeg and setup some SDL stuff related to Audio
           setup_ffmpeg(argv[1]);

           VideoCapture cap(argv[1]);
           if (!cap.isOpened()){
              std::cout &lt;&lt; "Failed to load file!" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
              return -1;
           }

           AVPacket packet;
           while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &amp;packet) >= 0)
           {
              if (packet.stream_index == videoStream)
              {
                 // Actually this is were SYNC between audio/video would happen.
                 // Right now I assume that every VIDEO packet contains an entire video frame, and that&#39;s not true. A video frame can be made by multiple packets!
                 // But for the time being, assume 1 video frame == 1 video packet,
                 // so instead of reading the frame through ffmpeg, I read it through OpenCV.

                 Mat frame;
                 cap >> frame; // get a new frame from camera

                 // do some processing on the frame, either as a Mat or as IplImage.
                 // For educational purposes, applying a lame grayscale conversion
                 IplImage ipl_frame = frame;
                 for (int i = 0; i &lt; ipl_frame.width * ipl_frame.height * ipl_frame.nChannels; i += ipl_frame.nChannels)
                 {
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3;   //B
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3; //G
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i+2] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3; //R
                 }

                 // Display it on SDL window
                 show_frame(&amp;ipl_frame);

                 av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
              }
              else if (packet.stream_index == audioStream)
              {
                 packet_queue_put(&amp;audioq, &amp;packet);
              }
              else
              {
                 av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
              }

              SDL_Event event;
              SDL_PollEvent(&amp;event);
              switch (event.type)
              {
              case SDL_QUIT:
                 SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
                 SDL_Quit();
                 break;

              default:
                 break;
              }
           }

           // the camera will be deinitialized automatically in VideoCapture destructor

           // Close the codec
           avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

           // Close the video file
           av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);

           return 0;
        }
    </video></iostream>
  • Decode audio and video and process both flows — ffmpeg, sdl, opencv

    24 février 2012, par Eric

    My goal is to proceed on audio and video of mpeg-2 file independently, and to keep synchronicity on both flows. Duration of video is about 1 or 2 minutes maximum.

    1. First, following this post "opencv for reading videos (and do the process),ffmpeg for audio , and SDL used to play both" sounds perfect. I have done some modification on the code considering recent ffmpeg naming changes. Compilation with cmake on 64-bits machine is fine. I get an error "Unsupported codec [3]" when opening codec.
      The code is following.

    2. Second, I looking for code dealing with synchronicity on both flows.


    #include "opencv/highgui.h"
    #include "opencv/cv.h"

    #ifndef INT64_C
    #define INT64_C(c) (c ## LL)
    #define UINT64_C(c) (c ## ULL)
    #endif

    extern "C"{
    #include <sdl></sdl>SDL.h>
    #include <sdl></sdl>SDL_thread.h>
    #include <libavcodec></libavcodec>avcodec.h>
    #include <libavformat></libavformat>avformat.h>
    }

    #include <iostream>
    #include
    #include

    using namespace cv;

    #define SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE 1024

    typedef struct PacketQueue
    {
      AVPacketList *first_pkt, *last_pkt;
      int nb_packets;
      int size;
      SDL_mutex *mutex;
      SDL_cond *cond;
    } PacketQueue;
    PacketQueue audioq;

    int audioStream = -1;
    int videoStream = -1;
    int quit = 0;

    SDL_Surface* screen = NULL;
    SDL_Surface* surface = NULL;

    AVFormatContext* pFormatCtx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext* aCodecCtx = NULL;
    AVCodecContext* pCodecCtx = NULL;

    void show_frame(IplImage* img){
      if (!screen){
         screen = SDL_SetVideoMode(img->width, img->height, 0, 0);
         if (!screen){
            fprintf(stderr, "SDL: could not set video mode - exiting\n");
            exit(1);
         }
      }
      // Assuming IplImage packed as BGR 24bits
      SDL_Surface* surface = SDL_CreateRGBSurfaceFrom((void*)img->imageData,
                                                      img->width,
                                                      img->height,
                                                      img->depth * img->nChannels,
                                                      img->widthStep,
                                                      0xff0000, 0x00ff00, 0x0000ff, 0
                                                     );

      SDL_BlitSurface(surface, 0, screen, 0);
      SDL_Flip(screen);
    }

    void packet_queue_init(PacketQueue *q){
      memset(q, 0, sizeof(PacketQueue));
      q->mutex = SDL_CreateMutex();
      q->cond = SDL_CreateCond();
    }

    int packet_queue_put(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt){
      AVPacketList *pkt1;
      if (av_dup_packet(pkt) &lt; 0){
         return -1;
      }

      pkt1 = (AVPacketList*) av_malloc(sizeof(AVPacketList));
      //pkt1 = (AVPacketList*) malloc(sizeof(AVPacketList));
      if (!pkt1) return -1;
      pkt1->pkt = *pkt;
      pkt1->next = NULL;

      SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);

      if (!q->last_pkt)
         q->first_pkt = pkt1;
      else
         q->last_pkt->next = pkt1;

      q->last_pkt = pkt1;
      q->nb_packets++;
      q->size += pkt1->pkt.size;
      SDL_CondSignal(q->cond);

      SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
      return 0;
    }

    static int packet_queue_get(PacketQueue *q, AVPacket *pkt, int block){
      AVPacketList *pkt1;
      int ret;

      SDL_LockMutex(q->mutex);
      for (;;){
         if( quit){
            ret = -1;
            break;
         }

         pkt1 = q->first_pkt;
         if (pkt1){
            q->first_pkt = pkt1->next;
            if (!q->first_pkt)
               q->last_pkt = NULL;

            q->nb_packets--;
            q->size -= pkt1->pkt.size;
            *pkt = pkt1->pkt;
            av_free(pkt1);
            //free(pkt1);
            ret = 1;
            break;
         }

         else if (!block){
            ret = 0;
            break;
         }
         else{
            SDL_CondWait(q->cond, q->mutex);
         }
      }

      SDL_UnlockMutex(q->mutex);
      return ret;
    }

    int audio_decode_frame(AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx, uint8_t *audio_buf, int buf_size){
      static AVPacket pkt;
      static uint8_t *audio_pkt_data = NULL;
      static int audio_pkt_size = 0;

      int len1, data_size;

      for (;;){
         while (audio_pkt_size > 0){
            data_size = buf_size;
            len1 = avcodec_decode_audio3(aCodecCtx, (int16_t*)audio_buf, &amp;data_size, &amp;pkt);
            if (len1 &lt; 0){
               // if error, skip frame
               audio_pkt_size = 0;
               break;
            }
            audio_pkt_data += len1;
            audio_pkt_size -= len1;
            if (data_size &lt;= 0){
               // No data yet, get more frames
               continue;
            }
            // We have data, return it and come back for more later
            return data_size;
        }

        if (pkt.data)
           av_free_packet(&amp;pkt);
        if (quit) return -1;
        if (packet_queue_get(&amp;audioq, &amp;pkt, 1) &lt; 0) return -1;
        audio_pkt_data = pkt.data;
        audio_pkt_size = pkt.size;
     }
    }

    void audio_callback(void *userdata, Uint8 *stream, int len){
     AVCodecContext *aCodecCtx = (AVCodecContext *)userdata;
     int len1, audio_size;

     static uint8_t audio_buf[(AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE * 3) / 2];
     static unsigned int audio_buf_size = 0;
     static unsigned int audio_buf_index = 0;

     while (len > 0){
        if (audio_buf_index >= audio_buf_size){
           // We have already sent all our data; get more
           audio_size = audio_decode_frame(aCodecCtx, audio_buf, sizeof(audio_buf));
           if(audio_size &lt; 0){
              // If error, output silence
              audio_buf_size = 1024; // arbitrary?
              memset(audio_buf, 0, audio_buf_size);
           }
           else{
              audio_buf_size = audio_size;
           }
           audio_buf_index = 0;
       }

       len1 = audio_buf_size - audio_buf_index;
       if (len1 > len)
          len1 = len;
       memcpy(stream, (uint8_t *)audio_buf + audio_buf_index, len1);
       len -= len1;
       stream += len1;
       audio_buf_index += len1;
     }
    }

        void setup_ffmpeg(char* filename)
        {
           if (avformat_open_input(&amp;pFormatCtx, filename, NULL, NULL) != 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "FFmpeg failed to open file %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "FFmpeg failed to retrieve stream info!\n");
              exit(-1);
           }

           // Dump information about file onto standard error
           av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, filename, 0);

           // Find the first video stream
           int i = 0;
           for (i; i &lt; pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++){
              if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &amp;&amp; videoStream &lt; 0){
                 videoStream = i;
              }

              if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type == AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO &amp;&amp; audioStream &lt; 0){
                 audioStream = i;
              }
           }

           if (videoStream == -1){
              fprintf(stderr, "No video stream found in %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           if (audioStream == -1){
              fprintf(stderr, "No audio stream found in %s!\n", filename);
              exit(-1);
           }

           // Get a pointer to the codec context for the audio stream
           aCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[audioStream]->codec;

           // Set audio settings from codec info
           SDL_AudioSpec wanted_spec;
           wanted_spec.freq = aCodecCtx->sample_rate;
           wanted_spec.format = AUDIO_S16SYS;
           wanted_spec.channels = aCodecCtx->channels;
           wanted_spec.silence = 0;
           wanted_spec.samples = SDL_AUDIO_BUFFER_SIZE;
           wanted_spec.callback = audio_callback;
           wanted_spec.userdata = aCodecCtx;

           SDL_AudioSpec spec;
           if (SDL_OpenAudio(&amp;wanted_spec, &amp;spec) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "SDL_OpenAudio: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
              exit(-1);
           }

           AVCodec* aCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(aCodecCtx->codec_id);
           if (!aCodec){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [1]!\n");
              exit(-1);
           }
           avcodec_open(aCodecCtx, aCodec);

           // audio_st = pFormatCtx->streams[index]
           packet_queue_init(&amp;audioq);
           SDL_PauseAudio(0);

           // Get a pointer to the codec context for the video stream
           pCodecCtx = pFormatCtx->streams[videoStream]->codec;

           // Find the decoder for the video stream
           AVCodec* pCodec = avcodec_find_decoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
           if (pCodec == NULL){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [2]!\n");
              exit(-1); // Codec not found
           }

           // Open codec
           if (avcodec_open(pCodecCtx, pCodec) &lt; 0){
              fprintf(stderr, "Unsupported codec [3]!\n");
              exit(-1); // Could not open codec
           }
        }


        int main(int argc, char* argv[])
        {
           if (argc &lt; 2){
               std::cout &lt;&lt; "Usage: " &lt;&lt; argv[0] &lt;&lt; " <video>" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
               return -1;
           }

           av_register_all();

           // Init SDL
           if (SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO | SDL_INIT_TIMER))
           {
              fprintf(stderr, "Could not initialize SDL - %s\n", SDL_GetError());
              return -1;
           }

           // Init ffmpeg and setup some SDL stuff related to Audio
           setup_ffmpeg(argv[1]);

           VideoCapture cap(argv[1]);
           if (!cap.isOpened()){
              std::cout &lt;&lt; "Failed to load file!" &lt;&lt; std::endl;
              return -1;
           }

           AVPacket packet;
           while (av_read_frame(pFormatCtx, &amp;packet) >= 0)
           {
              if (packet.stream_index == videoStream)
              {
                 // Actually this is were SYNC between audio/video would happen.
                 // Right now I assume that every VIDEO packet contains an entire video frame, and that&#39;s not true. A video frame can be made by multiple packets!
                 // But for the time being, assume 1 video frame == 1 video packet,
                 // so instead of reading the frame through ffmpeg, I read it through OpenCV.

                 Mat frame;
                 cap >> frame; // get a new frame from camera

                 // do some processing on the frame, either as a Mat or as IplImage.
                 // For educational purposes, applying a lame grayscale conversion
                 IplImage ipl_frame = frame;
                 for (int i = 0; i &lt; ipl_frame.width * ipl_frame.height * ipl_frame.nChannels; i += ipl_frame.nChannels)
                 {
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3;   //B
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3; //G
                    ipl_frame.imageData[i+2] = (ipl_frame.imageData[i] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+1] + ipl_frame.imageData[i+2])/3; //R
                 }

                 // Display it on SDL window
                 show_frame(&amp;ipl_frame);

                 av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
              }
              else if (packet.stream_index == audioStream)
              {
                 packet_queue_put(&amp;audioq, &amp;packet);
              }
              else
              {
                 av_free_packet(&amp;packet);
              }

              SDL_Event event;
              SDL_PollEvent(&amp;event);
              switch (event.type)
              {
              case SDL_QUIT:
                 SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
                 SDL_Quit();
                 break;

              default:
                 break;
              }
           }

           // the camera will be deinitialized automatically in VideoCapture destructor

           // Close the codec
           avcodec_close(pCodecCtx);

           // Close the video file
           av_close_input_file(pFormatCtx);

           return 0;
        }
    </video></iostream>