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• Decoding audio w/ ffmpeg error on Android

  14 août 2012, par stranded

  Well, I knew I was going out of my comfort zone when I decided to try and decode audio using ffmpeg on Android but now I will have to admit that I'm stranded.
  It took me many days to just build ffmpeg for Android. Roman's10 guide did not work for me but finally things started looking up, thanks to this tutorial. So because of Dmitry's help I managed to build the armeabi version (not armeabi-v7) for my phone (LG P500) and everything basic works.

  But when I try to use avcodec_decode_audio3() things go downhill :( Never before have I felt so close to making things work (after all it seems to be only one line that is troublesome)
  but unable to though. I've read many questions here on SO that have brought me closer to the goal. Googling, on the other hand, has had limited results - making questions here the only fruit.

  Yes, I know ! I ramble. But I can't help it, I'm only trying to explain in detail where I'm stuck and how I got there. So without further ado I bring you the code :

  NATIVE CODE :

  #include 
  
  #include <android></android>log.h>
  
  
  
  #include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"
  
  #include "libavformat/avformat.h"
  
  
  
  #define LOG_TAG "mylib"
  
  #define LOGI(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_INFO, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
  
  #define LOGE(...)  __android_log_print(ANDROID_LOG_ERROR, LOG_TAG, __VA_ARGS__)
  
  
  
  #define INBUFF_SIZE 4096
  
  #define AUDIO_INBUFF 20480
  
  #define AUDIO_REFILL_SIZE 4096
  
  
  
  jint Java_com_nothingworks_for_me_MainActivity_decode(JNIEnv * env, jobject this, jstring jfilename){
  
      const char *filename = (*env)->GetStringUTFChars(env, jfilename, NULL);
  
      AVCodec *codec;
  
      AVCodecContext *c= NULL;
  
      int audioStream;
  
      int out_size, len, i;
  
      FILE *f, *outfile;
  
      uint8_t *outbuf;
  
      uint8_t inbuf[AUDIO_INBUFF + FF_INPUT_BUFFER_PADDING_SIZE];
  
      AVPacket avpkt;
  
      AVFormatContext *pFormatCtx;
  
  
  
      av_register_all();
  
      avcodec_init();
  
      av_init_packet(&amp;avpkt);
  
  
  
      if(av_open_input_file(&amp;pFormatCtx, filename, NULL, 0, NULL)!=0)
  
      {
  
          LOGE("Can&#39;t open file &#39;%s&#39;\n", filename);
  
          return 1;
  
      }
  
      else
  
      {
  
          LOGI("File was opened\n");
  
          LOGI("File &#39;%s&#39;, Codec %s",
  
                  pFormatCtx->filename,
  
                  pFormatCtx->iformat->name
  
          );
  
      }
  
  
  
      if (av_find_stream_info(pFormatCtx) &lt; 0){
  
          LOGE("Can&#39;t find stream info");
  
      }
  
      audioStream = -1;
  
      for (i = 0; i &lt; pFormatCtx->nb_streams; i++) {
  
          if (pFormatCtx->streams[i]->codec->codec_type==AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO) {
  
              audioStream = i;
  
              break;
  
          }
  
      }
  
  
  
      if (audioStream == -1) {
  
          LOGE("Didn&#39;t find stream!");
  
      }
  
      c = pFormatCtx->streams[audioStream]->codec;
  
  
  
      codec = avcodec_find_decoder(c->codec_id);
  
      if (!codec) {
  
          LOGE("Unsupported Codec!");
  
      }
  
  
  
      c= avcodec_alloc_context();
  
  
  
      /* open it */
  
      if (avcodec_open(c, codec) &lt; 0) {
  
          LOGE("Can&#39;t open codec");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      outbuf = av_malloc(AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE * 2);
  
  
  
      f = fopen(filename, "rb");
  
      if (!f) {
  
          LOGE("Can&#39;t open file");
  
          exit(1);
  
      }
  
  
  
      /* decode until eof */
  
      avpkt.data = inbuf;
  
      avpkt.size = fread(inbuf, 1, AUDIO_INBUFF, f);
  
      LOGI("avpkt.size %d", avpkt.size);
  
  
  
      while (avpkt.size > 0) {
  
          out_size = AVCODEC_MAX_AUDIO_FRAME_SIZE * 2; 

  THINGS GO WRONG HERE ! avcodec_decode_audio3() The code continues from ▲ to ▼ :

          len = avcodec_decode_audio3(c, (int16_t *)outbuf, &out_size, &avpkt);
  
          LOGI("data_size %d len %d", out_size, len);
  
          if (len < 0) {
  
              LOGE("Error while decoding");
  
              exit(1);
  
          }
  
          if (out_size > 0) {
  
  
  
          }
  
          avpkt.size -= len;
  
          avpkt.data += len;
  
          if (avpkt.size < AUDIO_REFILL_SIZE) {
  
              /* Refill the input buffer, to avoid trying to decode
  
               * incomplete frames. Instead of this, one could also use
  
               * a parser, or use a proper container format through
  
               * libavformat. */
  
              memmove(inbuf, avpkt.data, avpkt.size);
  
              avpkt.data = inbuf;
  
              len = fread(avpkt.data + avpkt.size, 1,
  
                      AUDIO_INBUFF - avpkt.size, f);
  
              if (len > 0)
  
                  avpkt.size += len;
  
          }
  
      }
  
      fclose(f);
  
      free(outbuf);
  
  
  
      avcodec_close(c);
  
      av_free(c);
  
      return 0;
  
  }

  ---

  What happens is that avcodec_decode_audio3() returns -1 and that's pretty much it :(
  I have no idea what to do next. I can't find much info about this and I only started fiddling with C less than two weeks ago so your guidance is my only hope now [play dramatic sound]. Hope someone can shed a little light on this mystery.

  Ohh ! And the native code is some kind of a hybrid between what I have found here on SO, like this and this, and the ffmpeg example. On the java side I only have a call to this native method and pass it string which is the path to a MP3 song on my droid. I don't use AudioTrack or anything else in my java code yet 'cause I'm only trying to get the decoding to work for now.

  -Drama Queen OUT !

• How to use web analytics to acquire new customers

  2 septembre 2020, par Joselyn Khor — Analytics Tips, Marketing
  Are you investing time and money into marketing your business and unsure if it’s paying off ? Web analytics provides the tools and insights to help you know which marketing channels to target and focus on. Without it you might be going in blind and missing opportunities that might’ve been easily found in your metrics.

  Attracting the right visitors to your website

  To help acquire new customer on your website, you firstly need to attract the right visitors to your website. Then capturing their attention and engaging them in your content. Finally you’ll want to convert by driving them through a streamlined funnel/buyer’s journey on your website all backed up by data.

  So, how do you attract audiences to your site with a web analytics tool like Matomo ?

  1. Figure out who your audience is through the Visitor Profiles feature. 
  2. Calculate the Cost of Customer Acquisition (CAC) to plan for growth. To grow and make your business/website sustainable, you’ll need to earn more money from a customer than you spend on acquiring them. How to calculate : Divide marketing spend by the number of customers acquired. 
  3. Figure out which marketing channels e.g., social media, PPC, SEO, content marketing, etc., you should invest more in and which of those you should focus less on.

  How Matomo helps businesses acquire new customers 

  1. Use the Acquisitions feature
  2. Use funnels
  3. Study Visitor Profiles
  4. Focus on SEO efforts
  5. Look at the Multi Attribution feature
  6. Set goals
  7. Set Advanced eCommerce reporting

  1. Use the Acquisitions feature

  Matomo Analytics has a dedicated Acquisition feature to help with some of the heavy-lifting, making it easy for you to formulate targeted acquisition plans.

  

  This feature helps you learn who your potential customers are and figure out what marketing channels are converting the best for these visitors.

  • Learn what traffic you get from external websites : Knowing who’s helping you succeed from external websites is a crucial step to be able to focus your attention. Paid sponsorships, guest blog posts or even spending more on advertising on the particular website could result in greater traffic.

  • Social Networks : See which social media channels are connecting with the audiences you want. Take the guesswork out by using only the ones you need. By finding out which social channels your ideal audience prefers, you can generate shareable, convincing and engaging content to drive shares and traffic through to your site.

  • Campaigns : Your marketing team may have spent precious time and resource coming up with campaigns that are designed to succeed, but how can you be so sure ? With Campaigns you can understand what marketing campaigns are working, what aren’t, and shift your marketing efforts accordingly to gain more visitors, more effectively, with less costs. Keep track of every ad and content piece you display across internal and external channels to see which is having the biggest impact on your business objectives. Learn more

  

  Watch this video to learn about the Acquisitions feature

  2. Use funnels

  Creating conversion funnels gives you the big picture on whether your acquisition plans are paying off and where they may be falling short.

  

  If the ultimate goal of your site is to drive conversions, then each funnel can tell you how effectively you’re driving traffic through to your desired outcome.

  By integrating this with Visitor Profiles, you can view historic visitor profiles of any individual user at any stage of the conversion funnel. You see the full user journey at an individual level, including where they entered the funnel from and where they exited. Learn more

  How to amplify acquisition strategies with Funnels : Use conversion funnels to guide acquisition as you can tell which entry point is bringing the most success and which one needs more attention. Tailor your strategies to zone in on areas that have the most potential. You can identify where your visitors are encountering obstacles from the start, that are stopping them from progressing through their journey on your site.

  3. Study Visitor Profiles

  Visitor Profiles helps you understand visitors on a user-by-user basis, detailing each visitors’ history into a profile which summarises every visit, action and purchase made.

  

  Better understand :

  • Why your visitors viewed your website.

  • Why your returning visitors continue to view your website.

  • What specifically your visitors are looking for and whether they found it on your website.

  The benefit is being able to see how a combination of acquisition channels play a part in a single buyer’s journey.

  How Visitor Profiles helps with acquisition : By understanding the full behavioural patterns of any individual user coming through from external channels, you’ll see the path that led them to take action, where they may have gotten lost, and how engaged they are with your business over time. This gives you an indication of what kinds of visitors you’re attracting and helps you craft a buyer persona that more accurately reflects the audience most interested in you.

  TRY IT FOR FREE

  4. Focus on SEO efforts

  Every acquisition plan needs a focus on maximising your Search Engine Optimization (SEO) efforts. When it comes to getting conclusive search engine referrer metrics, you need to be sure you’re getting ALL the insights to drive your SEO strategy.

  Integrate Google, Bing and Yahoo search consoles directly into your Matomo Analytics. This helps kickstart your acquisition goals as you rank highly for keywords that get the most traffic to your website.

  As another major SEO benefit, you can see how the most important search keywords to your business increased and decreased in ranking over time. 

  How to amplify acquisitions strategies with search engines and keywords : By staying on top of your competitors across ALL search engines, you may uncover traffic converting highly from one search engine, or find you could be losing traffic and business opportunities to your competitors across others.

  5. Look at the Multi Attribution feature

  Multi Attribution lets you measure the success of every touchpoint in the customer journey.

  

  Accurately measure (and assign value to) channels where visitors first engaged with your business, where they came from after that, as well as the final channel they came from before purchasing your product or service.

  No longer falsely over-estimate any marketing channel and make smarter decisions when determining acquisition spend to accurately calculate the Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC). Learn more

  6. Set your Goals

  What are the acquisition goals you want to achieve the most ? The Goals feature lets you measure the most important metrics you need to grow your business.

  

  Goals are crucial for building your marketing strategy and acquiring new customers. The more goals you track, the more you can learn about behavioural changes as you implement and modify paths that impact acquisition and conversions over time. You’ll understand which channels are converting the best for your business, which cities/countries are most popular, what devices will attract the most visitors and how engaged your visitors are before converting.

  This way you can see if your campaigns (SEO, PPC, signups, blogs etc.) or optimising efforts (A/B Testing, Funnels) have made an impact with the time and investment you have put in. Learn more

  7. Set Advanced Ecommence reporting

  If your website’s overall purpose is to generate revenue whether it be from an online store, asking for donations or from an online paid membership site ; the Ecommerce feature gives you comprehensive insights into your customers’ purchasing behaviours.

  

  When you use Ecommerce analytics, you heavily reduce risk when marketing your products to potential customers because you will understand who to target, what to target them with and where further opportunities exist to have the greatest impact for your business. Learn more

  Key takeaway

  Having the tools to ensure you’re creating a well planned acquisition strategy is key to attracting and capturing the attention of potential visitors/leads, and then driving them through a funnel/buyer’s journey on your website. Because of Matomo’s reputation as a trusted analytics platform, the features above can be used to assist you in making smarter data-driven decisions. You can pursue different acquisition avenues with confidence and create a strategy that’s agile and ready for success, all while respecting user privacy.

  TRY IT FOR FREE

  Want to learn how to increase engagement with Matomo ? Click here. We’ll go through how you can boost engagement on your website via web analytics.

• What Is Incrementality & Why Is It Important in Marketing ?

  26 mars 2024, par Erin

  Imagine this : you just launched your latest campaign and it was a major success.

  You blew last month’s results out of the water.

  You combined a variety of tactics, channels and ad creatives to make it work.

  Now, it’s time to build the next campaign.

  The only issue ?

  You don’t know what made it successful or how much your recent efforts impacted the results.

  You’ve been building your brand for years. You’ve built up a variety of marketing pillars that are working for you. So, how do you know how much of your campaign is from years of effort or a new tactic you just implemented ?

  The key is incrementality.

  This is a way to properly attribute the right weight to your marketing tactics.

  In this article, we break down what incrementality is in marketing, how it differs from traditional attribution and how you can calculate and track it to grow your business.

  What is incrementality in marketing ?

  Incrementality in marketing is growth that can be directly credited to a marketing effort above and beyond the success of the branding.

  It looks at how much a specific tactic positively impacted a campaign on top of overall branding and marketing strategies.

  

  For example, this could be how much a specific tactic, campaign or channel helped increase conversions, email sign-ups or organic traffic.

  The primary purpose of incrementally in marketing is to more accurately determine the impact a single marketing variable had on the success of a project.

  It removes every other factor and isolates the specific method to help marketers double down on that strategy or move on to new tactics.

  With Matomo, you can track conversions simply. With our last non-direct channel attribution system, you’ll be able to quickly see what channels are converting (and which aren’t) so you can gain insights into incrementality. 

  See why over 1 million websites choose Matomo today.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  How incrementality differs from attribution

  In marketing and advertising, it’s crucial to understand what tactics and activities drive growth.

  Incrementality and attribution help marketers and business owners understand what efforts impact their results.

  But they’re not the same.

  Here’s how they differ :

  

  Incrementality explained

  Incrementality measures how much a specific marketing campaign or activity drives additional sales or growth.

  Simply put, it’s analysing the difference between having never implemented the campaign (or tactic or channel) in the first place versus the impact of the activity.

  In other words, how much revenue would you have generated this month without campaign A ?

  And how much additional revenue did you generate directly due to campaign A ?

  The reality is that dozens of factors impact revenue and growth.

  You aren’t just pouring your marketing into one specific channel or campaign at a time.

  Chances are, you’ve got your hands on several marketing initiatives like SEO, PPC, organic social media, paid search, email marketing and more.

  Beyond that, you’ve built a brand with a not-so-tangible impact on your recurring revenue.

  So, the question is, if you took away your new campaign, would you still be generating the same amount of revenue ?

  And, if you add in that campaign, how much additional revenue and growth did it directly create ?

  That is incrementality. It’s how much a campaign went above and beyond to add new revenue that wouldn’t have been there otherwise.

  So, how does attribution play into all of this ?

  Attribution explained

  Attribution is simply the process of assigning credit for a conversion to a particular marketing touchpoint.

  While incrementality is about narrowing down the overall revenue impact from a particular campaign, attribution seeks to point to a specific channel to attribute a sale.

  For example, in any given marketing campaign, you have a few marketing tactics.

  Let’s say you’re launching a limited-time product.

  You might have :

  • Paid ads via Facebook and Instagram
  • A blog post sharing how the product works
  • Organic social media posts on Instagram and TikTok
  • Email waitlist campaign building excitement around the upcoming product
  • SMS campaigns to share a limited-time discount

  So, when the time comes for the sale launch, and you generate $30,000 in revenue, what channel gets the credit ?

  Do you give credit to the paid ads on Facebook ? What about Instagram ? They got people to follow you and got them on the email waitlist.

  Do you give credit to email for reminding people of the upcoming sale ? What about your social media posts that reminded people there ?

  Or do you credit your SMS campaign that shared a limited-time discount ?

  Which channel is responsible for the sale ?

  This is what attribution is all about.

  It’s about giving credit where credit is due.

  The reason you want to attribute credit ? So you know what’s working and can double down your efforts on the high-impact marketing activities and channels.

  Leveraging incrementality and attribution together

  Incrementality and attribution aren’t competing methods of analysing what’s working.

  They’re complementary to one another and go hand in hand.

  You can (and should) use attribution and incrementality in your marketing to help understand what activities, campaigns and channels are making the biggest incremental impact on your business growth.

  Why it’s important to measure incrementality

  Incrementality is crucial to measure if you want to pour your time, money and effort into the right marketing channels and tactics.

  Here are a few reasons why you need to measure incrementality if you want to be successful with your marketing and grow your business :

  1. Accurate data

  If you want to be an effective marketer, you need to be accurate.

  You can’t blindly start marketing campaigns in hopes that you will sell many products or services.

  That’s not how it works.

  Sure, you’ll probably make some sales here and there. But to truly be effective with your work, you must measure your activities and channels correctly.

  Incrementality helps you see how each channel, tactic or campaign made a difference in your marketing.

  Matomo gives you 100% accurate data on your website activities. Unlike Google Analytics, we don’t use data sampling which limits how much data is analysed.

  

  2. Helps you to best determine the right tactics for success

  How can you plan your marketing strategy if you don’t know what’s working ?

  Think about it.

  You’ll be blindly sailing the seas without a compass telling you where to go.

  Measuring incrementality in your marketing tactics and channels helps you understand the best tactics.

  It shows you what’s moving the needle (and what’s not).

  Once you can see the most impactful tactics and channels, you can forge future campaigns that you know will work.

  3. Allows you to get the most out of your marketing budget

  Since incrementality sheds light on what’s moving your business forward, you can confidently implement your efforts on the right tactics and channels.

  Guess what happens when you start doubling down on the most impactful activities ?

  You start increasing revenue, decreasing ad spend and getting a higher return on investment.

  The result is that you will get more out of your marketing budget.

  Not only will you boost revenue, but you’ll also be able to boost profit margins since you’re not wasting money on ineffective tactics.

  4. Increase traffic

  When you see what’s truly working in your business, you can figure out what channels and tactics you should be working.

  Incrementality helps you understand not only what your best revenue tactics are but also what channels and campaigns are bringing in the most traffic.

  When you can increase traffic, you can increase your overall marketing impact.

  5. Increase revenue

  Finally, with increased traffic, the inevitable result is more conversions.

  More conversions mean more revenue.

  Incrementality gives you a vision of the tactics and channels that are converting the best.

  If you can see that your SMS campaigns are driving the best ROI, then you know that you’ll grow your revenue by pouring more into acquiring SMS leads.

  By calculating incrementality regularly, you can rest assured that you’re only investing time and money into the most impactful activities in terms of revenue generation.

  How to calculate and test incrementality in marketing

  Now that you understand how incrementality works and why it’s important to calculate, the question is : 

  How do you calculate and conduct incrementality tests ?

  Given the ever-changing marketing landscape, it’s crucial to understand how to calculate and test incrementally in your business.

  If you’re not sure how incrementality testing works, then follow these simple steps :

  

  Your first step to get an incrementality measurement is to conduct what’s referred to as a “holdout test.”

  It’s not a robust test, but it’s an easy way to get the ball rolling with incrementality.

  Here’s how it works :

  1. Choose your target audience.

  With Matomo’s segmentation feature, you can get pretty specific with your target audience, such as :

  • • Visitors from the UK
    • Returning visitors
    • Mobile users
    • Visitors who clicked on a specific ad

  2. Split your audience into two groups :

  1. • Control group (60% of the segment)
     • Test group (40% of the segment)

  3. Target the control group with your marketing tactic (the simpler the tactic, the better).

  4. Target the test group with a different marketing tactic.

  5. Analyse the results. The difference between the control and test groups is the incremental lift in results. The new marketing tactic is either more effective or not.

  6. Repeat the test with a new control group (with an updated tactic) and a new test group (with a new tactic).

  Matomo can help you analyse the results of your campaigns in our Goals feature. Set up business objectives so you can easily track different goals like conversions.

  Try Matomo for Free

  Get the web insights you need, without compromising data accuracy.

  Start for free

  No credit card required

  Here’s an example of how this incrementality testing could look in real life.

  Imagine a fitness retailer wants to start showing Facebook ads in their marketing mix.

  The marketing manager decided to conduct a holdout test. If we match our example below with the steps above, this is how the holdout test might look.

  1. They choose people who’ve purchased free weights in the past as their target audience (see how that segmentation works ?).
  2. They split this segment into a control group and a test group.
  3. For this test, they direct their regular marketing campaign to the control group (60% of the segment). The campaign includes promoting a 20% off sale on organic social media posts, email marketing, and SMS.
  4. They direct their regular marketing campaign plus Facebook ads to the test group (40% of the segment).
  5. They ran the campaign for three weeks with the goal for sale conversions and noticed :

  • • The control group had a 1.5% conversion rate.
    • The test group (with Facebook ads) had a 2.1% conversion rate.
    • In this scenario, they could see the group who saw the Facebook ads convert better.
    • They created the following formula to measure the incremental lift of the Facebook ads :

  

  • • Here’s how the calculation works out : (2.1% – 1.5%) / 1.5% = 40%

  The Facebook ads had a positive 40% incremental lift in conversions during the sale.

  Incrementality testing isn’t a one-and-done process, though.

  While this first test is a great sign for the marketing manager, it doesn’t mean they should immediately throw all their money into Facebook ads.

  They should continue conducting tests to verify the initial test.

  Use Matomo to track incrementality today

  Incrementality can give you insights into exactly what’s working in your marketing (and what’s not) so you can design proven strategies to grow your business.

  If you want more help tracking your marketing efforts, try Matomo today.

  Our web analytics and behaviour analytics platform gives you firsthand data on your website visitors you can use to craft effective marketing strategies.

  Matomo provides 100% accurate data. Unlike other major web analytics platforms, we don’t do data sampling. What you see is what’s really going on in your website. That way, you can make more informed decisions for better results.

  At Matomo, we take privacy very seriously and include several advanced privacy protections to ensure you are in full control.

  As a fully compliant web analytics solution, we’re fully compliant with some of the world’s strictest privacy regulations like GDPR. With Matomo, you get peace of mind knowing you can make data-driven decisions while also being compliant. 

  If you’re ready to launch a data-driven marketing strategy today and grow your business, get started with our 21-day free trial now. No credit card required.

  Try Matomo for Free

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