
Recherche avancée
Médias (1)
-
Rennes Emotion Map 2010-11
19 octobre 2011, par
Mis à jour : Juillet 2013
Langue : français
Type : Texte
Autres articles (36)
-
Contribute to documentation
13 avril 2011Documentation is vital to the development of improved technical capabilities.
MediaSPIP welcomes documentation by users as well as developers - including : critique of existing features and functions articles contributed by developers, administrators, content producers and editors screenshots to illustrate the above translations of existing documentation into other languages
To contribute, register to the project users’ mailing (...) -
Selection of projects using MediaSPIP
2 mai 2011, parThe examples below are representative elements of MediaSPIP specific uses for specific projects.
MediaSPIP farm @ Infini
The non profit organizationInfini develops hospitality activities, internet access point, training, realizing innovative projects in the field of information and communication technologies and Communication, and hosting of websites. It plays a unique and prominent role in the Brest (France) area, at the national level, among the half-dozen such association. Its members (...) -
Use, discuss, criticize
13 avril 2011, parTalk to people directly involved in MediaSPIP’s development, or to people around you who could use MediaSPIP to share, enhance or develop their creative projects.
The bigger the community, the more MediaSPIP’s potential will be explored and the faster the software will evolve.
A discussion list is available for all exchanges between users.
Sur d’autres sites (6946)
-
C++ FFmpeg create mp4 file
1er février 2021, par DDovzhenkoI'm trying to create mp4 video file with FFmpeg and C++, but in result I receive broken file (windows player shows "Can't play ... 0xc00d36c4"). If I create .h264 file, it can be played with 'ffplay' and successfully converted to mp4 via CL.



My code :



int main() {
 char *filename = "tmp.mp4";
 AVOutputFormat *fmt;
 AVFormatContext *fctx;
 AVCodecContext *cctx;
 AVStream *st;

 av_register_all();
 avcodec_register_all();

 //auto detect the output format from the name
 fmt = av_guess_format(NULL, filename, NULL);
 if (!fmt) {
 cout << "Error av_guess_format()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }

 if (avformat_alloc_output_context2(&fctx, fmt, NULL, filename) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avformat_alloc_output_context2()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }


 //stream creation + parameters
 st = avformat_new_stream(fctx, 0);
 if (!st) {
 cout << "Error avformat_new_stream()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }

 st->codecpar->codec_id = fmt->video_codec;
 st->codecpar->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
 st->codecpar->width = 352;
 st->codecpar->height = 288;
 st->time_base.num = 1;
 st->time_base.den = 25;

 AVCodec *pCodec = avcodec_find_encoder(st->codecpar->codec_id);
 if (!pCodec) {
 cout << "Error avcodec_find_encoder()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }

 cctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(pCodec);
 if (!cctx) {
 cout << "Error avcodec_alloc_context3()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }

 avcodec_parameters_to_context(cctx, st->codecpar);
 cctx->bit_rate = 400000;
 cctx->width = 352;
 cctx->height = 288;
 cctx->time_base.num = 1;
 cctx->time_base.den = 25;
 cctx->gop_size = 12;
 cctx->pix_fmt = AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
 if (st->codecpar->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
 av_opt_set(cctx->priv_data, "preset", "ultrafast", 0);
 }
 if (fctx->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER) {
 cctx->flags |= AV_CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
 }
 avcodec_parameters_from_context(st->codecpar, cctx);

 av_dump_format(fctx, 0, filename, 1);

 //OPEN FILE + WRITE HEADER
 if (avcodec_open2(cctx, pCodec, NULL) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avcodec_open2()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }
 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
 if (avio_open(&fctx->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avio_open()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }
 }
 if (avformat_write_header(fctx, NULL) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avformat_write_header()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }


 //CREATE DUMMY VIDEO
 AVFrame *frame = av_frame_alloc();
 frame->format = cctx->pix_fmt;
 frame->width = cctx->width;
 frame->height = cctx->height;
 av_image_alloc(frame->data, frame->linesize, cctx->width, cctx->height, cctx->pix_fmt, 32);

 AVPacket pkt;
 double video_pts = 0;
 for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
 video_pts = (double)cctx->time_base.num / cctx->time_base.den * 90 * i;

 for (int y = 0; y < cctx->height; y++) {
 for (int x = 0; x < cctx->width; x++) {
 frame->data[0][y * frame->linesize[0] + x] = x + y + i * 3;
 if (y < cctx->height / 2 && x < cctx->width / 2) {
 /* Cb and Cr */
 frame->data[1][y * frame->linesize[1] + x] = 128 + y + i * 2;
 frame->data[2][y * frame->linesize[2] + x] = 64 + x + i * 5;
 }
 }
 }

 av_init_packet(&pkt);
 pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
 pkt.pts = frame->pts = video_pts;
 pkt.data = NULL;
 pkt.size = 0;
 pkt.stream_index = st->index;

 if (avcodec_send_frame(cctx, frame) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avcodec_send_frame()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }
 if (avcodec_receive_packet(cctx, &pkt) == 0) {
 //cout << "Write frame " << to_string((int) pkt.pts) << endl;
 av_interleaved_write_frame(fctx, &pkt);
 av_packet_unref(&pkt);
 }
 }

 //DELAYED FRAMES
 for (;;) {
 avcodec_send_frame(cctx, NULL);
 if (avcodec_receive_packet(cctx, &pkt) == 0) {
 //cout << "-Write frame " << to_string((int)pkt.pts) << endl;
 av_interleaved_write_frame(fctx, &pkt);
 av_packet_unref(&pkt);
 }
 else {
 break;
 }
 }

 //FINISH
 av_write_trailer(fctx);
 if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
 if (avio_close(fctx->pb) < 0) {
 cout << "Error avio_close()" << endl; system("pause"); exit(1);
 }
 }
 av_frame_free(&frame);
 avcodec_free_context(&cctx);
 avformat_free_context(fctx);

 system("pause");
 return 0;
}




Output of program :



Output #0, mp4, to 'tmp.mp4':
 Stream #0:0: Video: h264, yuv420p, 352x288, q=2-31, 400 kb/s, 25 tbn
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] profile Constrained Baseline, level 2.0
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] 264 - core 152 r2851 ba24899 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=0 ref=1 deblock=0:0:0 analyse=0:0 me=dia subme=0 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=0 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=0 8x8dct=0 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=0 threads=6 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=0 weightp=0 keyint=12 keyint_min=1 scenecut=0 intra_refresh=0 rc=abr mbtree=0 bitrate=400 ratetol=1.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=0
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] frame I:5 Avg QP: 7.03 size: 9318
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] frame P:45 Avg QP: 4.53 size: 4258
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] mb I I16..4: 100.0% 0.0% 0.0%
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] mb P I16..4: 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% P16..4: 100.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% skip: 0.0%
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] final ratefactor: 9.11
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 18.9% 21.8% 14.5% inter: 7.8% 100.0% 15.5%
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] i16 v,h,dc,p: 4% 5% 5% 86%
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] i8c dc,h,v,p: 2% 9% 6% 82%
[libx264 @ 0000021c4a995ba0] kb/s:264.68




If I will try to play mp4 file with 'ffplay' it prints :



[mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2 @ 00000000026bf900] Could not find codec parameters for stream 0 (Video: h264 (avc1 / 0x31637661), none, 352x288, 138953 kb/s): unspecified pixel format
[h264 @ 00000000006c6ae0] non-existing PPS 0 referenced
[h264 @ 00000000006c6ae0] decode_slice_header error
[h264 @ 00000000006c6ae0] no frame!




I've spent a lot of time without success of finding issue, what could be the reason of it ?



Thank for help !


-
FFmpeg stops encoding after x minutes when using Mjpeg
31 janvier 2018, par Rune AspvikI’m using ffmpeg in a node application with this command :
ffmpeg -seekable 0 -i http://127.0.0.1:8100/Mjpeg/1?authToken=xxx -video_size 1280x720 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p -y D:\Video\pflyers\test.mp4
The encoding would stop after 28:53 every time. After some reading I figured I had to spawn the child instead of exec because of the large sterr output.
Before doing that I wanted to see if that was in fact the issue so I tried doing :
-nostats -hide_banner -loglevel panic
to avoid the large output to sterr. FFmpeg still stopped after 28:53. Further I tried to write the sterr to log.txt instead of using the above code. I did so adding this to the end :
2> log.txt
Still it would stop at 28:53.
Finally I tried running the command in cmd.exe resulting in the encoding stopping at 29:14.
What I realized comparing the outputs from ffmpeg run from node and run from cmd.exe was that the encoding stopped when the log.txt reached 388kB.
How can I fix this ?
Here’s the full output :
C:\Users\VossVind>ffmpeg -seekable 0 -i http://127.0.0.1:8100/Mjpeg/1?authToken=xxx -video_size 1280x720 -r 30 -pix_fmt yuv420p -y D:\Video\pflyers\test.mp4
ffmpeg version 3.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2017 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 7.2.0 (GCC)
configuration: --enable-gpl --enable-version3 --enable-sdl2 --enable-bzlib --enable-fontconfig --enable-gnutls --enable-iconv --enable-libass --enable-libbluray --enable-libfreetype --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopenjpeg --enable-libopus --enable-libshine --enable-libsnappy --enable-libsoxr --enable-libtheora --enable-libtwolame --enable-libvpx --enable-libwavpack --enable-libwebp --enable-libx264 --enable-libx265 --enable-libxml2 --enable-libzimg --enable-lzma --enable-zlib --enable-gmp --enable-libvidstab --enable-libvorbis --enable-cuda --enable-cuvid --enable-d3d11va --enable-nvenc --enable-dxva2 --enable-avisynth --enable-libmfx
libavutil 55. 78.100 / 55. 78.100
libavcodec 57.107.100 / 57.107.100
libavformat 57. 83.100 / 57. 83.100
libavdevice 57. 10.100 / 57. 10.100
libavfilter 6.107.100 / 6.107.100
libswscale 4. 8.100 / 4. 8.100
libswresample 2. 9.100 / 2. 9.100
libpostproc 54. 7.100 / 54. 7.100
Input #0, mpjpeg, from 'http://127.0.0.1:8100/Mjpeg/1?authToken=xxx':
Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
Stream #0:0: Video: mjpeg, yuvj420p(pc, bt470bg/unknown/unknown), 1280x720 [SAR 96:96 DAR 16:9], 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
Stream mapping:
Stream #0:0 -> #0:0 (mjpeg (native) -> h264 (libx264))
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[swscaler @ 0000019639b27fc0] deprecated pixel format used, make sure you did set range correctly
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] profile High, level 3.1
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] 264 - core 152 r2851 ba24899 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=18 lookahead_threads=3 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=25 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'D:\Video\pflyers\test.mp4':
Metadata:
encoder : Lavf57.83.100
Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p, 1280x720 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=-1--1, 30 fps, 15360 tbn, 30 tbc
Metadata:
encoder : Lavc57.107.100 libx264
Side data:
cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
More than 1000 frames duplicated 114432kB time=00:03:17.80 bitrate=4739.3kbits/s dup=1000 drop=0 speed=0.95x
frame=52544 fps= 29 q=-1.0 Lsize= 1050136kB time=00:29:11.36 bitrate=4912.0kbits/s dup=8757 drop=0 speed=0.972x
video:1049508kB audio:0kB subtitle:0kB other streams:0kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead: 0.059803%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] frame I:261 Avg QP:20.59 size: 51862
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] frame P:15400 Avg QP:23.72 size: 33007
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] frame B:36883 Avg QP:24.55 size: 14989
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] consecutive B-frames: 0.9% 15.8% 2.5% 80.8%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] mb I I16..4: 17.1% 82.1% 0.8%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] mb P I16..4: 4.3% 48.4% 0.2% P16..4: 12.3% 7.5% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% skip:22.5%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] mb B I16..4: 2.7% 15.6% 0.0% B16..8: 22.3% 7.0% 1.8% direct: 3.8% skip:46.8% L0:52.3% L1:34.0% BI:13.8%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] 8x8 transform intra:88.6% inter:92.9%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] coded y,uvDC,uvAC intra: 59.4% 33.6% 2.6% inter: 19.3% 10.9% 0.6%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] i16 v,h,dc,p: 57% 30% 12% 1%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] i8 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 25% 18% 45% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] i4 v,h,dc,ddl,ddr,vr,hd,vl,hu: 52% 24% 12% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] i8c dc,h,v,p: 63% 17% 20% 1%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] Weighted P-Frames: Y:0.0% UV:0.0%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] ref P L0: 43.8% 7.5% 29.1% 19.6%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] ref B L0: 71.8% 21.2% 7.0%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] ref B L1: 93.9% 6.1%
[libx264 @ 0000019639944040] kb/s:4908.78Link to -v 48 verbose logging : https://pastebin.com/YwQx8bB2
-
Add image to video using ffmpeg , the output file can't be played
22 juin 2017, par StevenChenI need to watermark a mp4 video , but it is not working , It has bothered me for a week,please help me
here is my code :ffmpeg -i sss01.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=10:10" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output.mp4
****This command was executed successfully ,but The size of output.mp4 only is 50kb and it cann’t play. the command detail :****
> ffmpeg -i sss01.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=10:10" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output.mp4
ffmpeg version git-2017-06-08-a3b5b60 Copyright (c) 2000-2017 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 4.4.7 (GCC) 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)
configuration: --prefix=/root/ffmpeg_build --extra-cflags=-I/root/ffmpeg_build/include --extra-ldflags=-L/root/ffmpeg_build/lib --bindir=/root/bin --extra-libs=-ldl --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk_aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-openssl
libavutil 55. 63.100 / 55. 63.100
libavcodec 57. 96.101 / 57. 96.101
libavformat 57. 72.101 / 57. 72.101
libavdevice 57. 7.100 / 57. 7.100
libavfilter 6. 91.100 / 6. 91.100
libswscale 4. 7.101 / 4. 7.101
libswresample 2. 8.100 / 2. 8.100
libpostproc 54. 6.100 / 54. 6.100
Input #0, png_pipe, from 'watermark.png':
Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
Stream #0:0: Video: png, rgba(pc), 215x115 [SAR 2835:2835 DAR 43:23], 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
Invalid file index 1 in filtergraph description [0:v][1:v] overlay=10:10.
[root@localhost wwwroot]# ffmpeg -i sss01.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "[0:v][1:v] overlay=10:10" -pix_fmt yuv420p -c:a copy output.mp4
ffmpeg version git-2017-06-08-a3b5b60 Copyright (c) 2000-2017 the FFmpeg developers
built with gcc 4.4.7 (GCC) 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)
configuration: --prefix=/root/ffmpeg_build --extra-cflags=-I/root/ffmpeg_build/include --extra-ldflags=-L/root/ffmpeg_build/lib --bindir=/root/bin --extra-libs=-ldl --enable-gpl --enable-nonfree --enable-libfdk_aac --enable-libmp3lame --enable-libopus --enable-libvorbis --enable-libvpx --enable-libx264 --enable-openssl
libavutil 55. 63.100 / 55. 63.100
libavcodec 57. 96.101 / 57. 96.101
libavformat 57. 72.101 / 57. 72.101
libavdevice 57. 7.100 / 57. 7.100
libavfilter 6. 91.100 / 6. 91.100
libswscale 4. 7.101 / 4. 7.101
libswresample 2. 8.100 / 2. 8.100
libpostproc 54. 6.100 / 54. 6.100
Input #0, mov,mp4,m4a,3gp,3g2,mj2, from 'sss01.mp4':
Metadata:
major_brand : isom
minor_version : 512
compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
encoder : Lavf57.72.101
Duration: 00:03:09.80, start: 0.000000, bitrate: 1547 kb/s
Stream #0:0(und): Video: h264 (High) (avc1 / 0x31637661), yuv420p(tv, bt709), 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 1416 kb/s, 24 fps, 24 tbr, 90k tbn, 48 tbc (default)
Metadata:
handler_name : VideoHandler
Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) (mp4a / 0x6134706D), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 125 kb/s (default)
Metadata:
handler_name : SoundHandler
Stream #0:2(eng): Subtitle: mov_text (tx3g / 0x67337874), 0 kb/s (default)
Metadata:
handler_name : SubtitleHandler
Input #1, png_pipe, from 'watermark.png':
Duration: N/A, bitrate: N/A
Stream #1:0: Video: png, rgba(pc), 215x115 [SAR 2835:2835 DAR 43:23], 25 tbr, 25 tbn, 25 tbc
File 'output.mp4' already exists. Overwrite ? [y/N] y
Stream mapping:
Stream #0:0 (h264) -> overlay:main
Stream #1:0 (png) -> overlay:overlay
overlay -> Stream #0:0 (libx264)
Stream #0:1 -> #0:1 (copy)
Press [q] to stop, [?] for help
[libx264 @ 0xb4ee7e0] using SAR=1/1
[libx264 @ 0xb4ee7e0] using cpu capabilities: MMX2 SSE2Fast SSSE3 SSE4.2 AVX FMA3 BMI2 AVX2
[libx264 @ 0xb4ee7e0] profile High, level 4.0
[libx264 @ 0xb4ee7e0] 264 - core 150 - H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec - Copyleft 2003-2017 - http://www.videolan.org/x264.html - options: cabac=1 ref=3 deblock=1:0:0 analyse=0x3:0x113 me=hex subme=7 psy=1 psy_rd=1.00:0.00 mixed_ref=1 me_range=16 chroma_me=1 trellis=1 8x8dct=1 cqm=0 deadzone=21,11 fast_pskip=1 chroma_qp_offset=-2 threads=1 lookahead_threads=1 sliced_threads=0 nr=0 decimate=1 interlaced=0 bluray_compat=0 constrained_intra=0 bframes=3 b_pyramid=2 b_adapt=1 b_bias=0 direct=1 weightb=1 open_gop=0 weightp=2 keyint=250 keyint_min=24 scenecut=40 intra_refresh=0 rc_lookahead=40 rc=crf mbtree=1 crf=23.0 qcomp=0.60 qpmin=0 qpmax=69 qpstep=4 ip_ratio=1.40 aq=1:1.00
Output #0, mp4, to 'output.mp4':
Metadata:
major_brand : isom
minor_version : 512
compatible_brands: isomiso2avc1mp41
encoder : Lavf57.72.101
Stream #0:0: Video: h264 (libx264) ([33][0][0][0] / 0x0021), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [SAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=-1--1, 24 fps, 12288 tbn, 24 tbc (default)
Metadata:
encoder : Lavc57.96.101 libx264
Side data:
cpb: bitrate max/min/avg: 0/0/0 buffer size: 0 vbv_delay: -1
Stream #0:1(und): Audio: aac (LC) ([64][0][0][0] / 0x0040), 44100 Hz, stereo, fltp, 125 kb/s (default)
Metadata:
handler_name : SoundHandler
frame= 20 fps=0.0 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:00.81 bitrate= 0.0kbits/sframe= 30 fps= 29 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:01.23 bitrate= 0.0kbits/sframe= 37 fps= 23 q=0.0 size= 0kB time=00:00:01.50 bitrate= 0.0kbits/sframe= 42 fps= 11 q=28.0 size= 40kB time=00:00:01.71 bitrate= 190.6kbits/frame= 44 fps= 10 q=28.0 size= 46kB time=00:00:01.81 bitrate= 210.2kbits/Killedd=0.41x